scholarly journals Evaluation of Plant-based Pesticide containing Neem Extract (Azadirachta sp.) to Control Anthracnose Growth in Chili Fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Yashanti Berlinda Paradisa ◽  
Wahyuni ◽  
Enung Sri Mulyaningsih ◽  
Ambar Yuswi Perdani ◽  
Arief Heru Prianto
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

Cabai merupakan salah satu produk hortikultura yang banyak dikonsumsi di Indonesia. Antraknosa merupakan salah satu penyakit utama dalam budi daya cabai. Kehilangan hasil akibat antraknosa mencapai 35%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efektivitas pestisida nabati dengan bahan utama ekstrak mimba dalam mengendalikan antraknosa pada cabai. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi, LIPI. Pengujian in vitro dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial yang diulang 4 kali dengan faktor pertama ialah cendawan Colletotrichum acutatum dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; faktor kedua ialah pestisida nabati dengan bahan aktif mimba (Agr I dan Agr II); serta faktor ketiga berupa 6 taraf perlakuan konsentrasi pestisida (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%. 3%, 4%, dan 5%). Pada pengujian in vivo dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan 4 ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah cabai besar dan cabai keriting; faktor kedua ialah C. acutatum dan C. gloeosporioides; dan faktor ketiga ialah 4 taraf konsentrasi pestisida Agr I (0%, 5%, 10, dan 15%). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa pestisida nabati Agr I dan Agr II dapat menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan secara in vitro dan Agr I lebih potensial untuk mengendalikan Colletotrichum spp. Namun pestisida nabati Agr I tidak mampu mengendalikan patogen yang telah berada di dalam jaringan tanaman.

scholarly journals Evaluación in vitro de fungicidas comerciales para el control de Colletotrichum spp., en mora de castilla

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Gaviria-Hernández ◽  
Luis Fernando Patiño-Hoyos ◽  
Alegría Saldarriaga-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

Se evaluó la eficiencia in vitro de cinco fungicidas de síntesis química, tres extractos vegetales y tres productos a base de biocontroladores, mediante las variables porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial y porcentaje de inhibición de la biomasa de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cepa 52 y Colletotrichum acutatum cepa 168. En el grupo de los productos de síntesis química, los mejores resultados en la inhibición del crecimiento micelial en ambas cepas, se obtuvo con hidróxido de cobre y difenoconazol, con 100% de inhibición. En cuanto a inhibición de la biomasa, los productos con mayor porcentaje de efecto inhibitorio en C. gloeosporioides fueron: difenoconazol (100%) y benomil (93% a 99%); en C. acutatum fueron: difenoconazol (100%) y azoxystrobin (91% a 97%). Respecto a los extractos vegetales, el extracto a base de Citrus sinensis y C. grandis presentó 100% de inhibición tanto del crecimiento micelial como de la biomasa, siendo el más efectivo en el control de ambas cepas del hongo. En el grupo de los biocontroladores, el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial de los productos a base de Trichoderma lignorum y T. harzianum osciló entre 61% y 65% para C. gloeosporioides, y entre 77% y 79% para C. acutatum, considerados dentro del grupo de los biocontroladores como los más eficientes en el control in vitro de las cepas 52 y 168 de Colletotrichum spp.

scholarly journals The Use of Essential Oils from Thyme, Sage and Peppermint against Colletotrichum acutatum

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Armina Morkeliūnė ◽  
Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽  
Lina Šernaitė ◽  
Alma Valiuškaitė
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Biological Protection

The Colletotrichum spp. is a significant strawberry pathogen causing yield losses of up to 50%. The most common method to control plant diseases is through the use of chemical fungicides. The findings of plants antimicrobial activities, low toxicity, and biodegradability of essential oils (EO), make them suitable for biological protection against fungal pathogens. The aim is to evaluate the inhibition of Colletotrichum acutatum by thyme, sage, and peppermint EO in vitro on detached strawberry leaves and determine EO chemical composition. Our results revealed that the dominant compound of thyme was thymol 41.35%, peppermint: menthone 44.56%, sage: α,β-thujone 34.45%, and camphor: 20.46%. Thyme EO inhibited C. acutatum completely above 200 μL L−1 concentration in vitro. Peppermint and sage EO reduced mycelial growth of C. acutatum. In addition, in vitro, results are promising for biological control. The detached strawberry leaves experiments showed that disease reduction 4 days after inoculation was 15.8% at 1000 μL L−1 of peppermint EO and 5.3% at 800 μL L−1 of thyme compared with control. Our findings could potentially help to manage C. acutatum; however, the detached strawberry leaves assay showed that EO efficacy was relatively low on tested concentrations and should be increased.

scholarly journals Atividade do óleo de Eucalyptus citriodora e Azadirachta indica no controle de Colletotrichum acutatum em morangueiro

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Regina Dias-Arieira ◽  
Lucas da Rocha Ferreira ◽  
Jailson de Oliveira Arieira ◽  
Edenilson Gonçalves Miguel ◽  
Mateus Augusto Donega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora

A flor-preta é uma das doenças mais importantes do morangueiro e a busca por alternativas de controle tem sido uma constante, principalmente em áreas de cultivo orgânico. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência, in vitro e in vivo, dos óleos de Eucalyptus citriodora e Azadirachta indica no controle de Colletotrichum acutatum em morangueiro. No experimento in vitro determinou-se a inibição do crescimento micelial quando o fungo foi submetido aos extratos nas concentrações de 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5%. No campo, avaliou-se o controle da doença com a aplicação dos óleos nas concentrações de 0, 0,5 e 1,0%, pulverizados em intervalos de 7, 15 e 30 dias, em plantas inoculadas com suspensão de 10(6) conídios/mL. As avaliações foram realizadas semanalmente, observando-se a ocorrência e tamanho de lesões no pedúnculo e nos frutos, abortamento floral, produtividade, e ocorrência natural da doença. In vitro todos os tratamentos apresentaram redução significativa do crescimento micelial do fungo quando comparados ao controle. No campo, apenas o óleo de nim apresentou efeito significativo, reduzindo o abortamento floral e a ocorrência de frutos doentes advindos de flores inoculadas. Porém, maior ocorrência natural de doença foi observada quando a dosagem de 1,0% foi aplicada semanalmente.

scholarly journals Bioatividade de indutores de resistência no manejo da antracnose da goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rommel dos Santos Siqueira Gomes ◽  
Andréa Celina Ferreira Demartelaere ◽  
Luciana Cordeiro do Nascimento ◽  
Wendel Oliveira Maciel ◽  
Danilo Bruno Néri da Silva Wanderley
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Psidium Guajava

RESUMO A cultura da goiaba apresenta perdas em torno de 40 a 60% na pós-colheita relacionadas a problemas fitossanitários, como a antracnose causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Pesquisas com métodos alternativos utilizando indutores de resistência têm sido bastante promissoras na busca de produtos com alto potencial no controle de patógenos em pós-colheita. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os indutores de resistência no controle da antracnose e seus efeitos na qualidade físico-química em frutos de goiabeira ‘Paluma’. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: Agro-mós®, Ecolife®, Fosfitonova K®, Cuprogarb 500®, Rocksil® e testemunha (água destilada esterilizada). Realizou-se o teste in vitro, com discos de colônia de C. gloeosporioides (0,45 cm de diâmetro) com sete dias de cultivo e, postos em meio de cultura BDA acrescidos com os indutores. Foi determinada a porcentagem de inibição do crescimento micelial de C. gloeosporioides. O ensaio in vivo foi realizado com frutos de goiabeira variedade Paluma, desinfestados e tratados com indutores. Em seguida, discos de colônia do C. gloeosporioides foram inoculados e do primeiro ao oitavo dia após a inoculação, foram feitas avaliações do diâmetro das lesões nos frutos. As análises pós-colheita foram realizadas, avaliando a perda de massa fresca, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez titulável (AT), razão SST/AT e potencial hidrogeniônico (pH). Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcela subdivididas 6x8 (tratamentos x período de avaliação) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os indutores Agro-mos®, Ecolife®, Fosfitonova K®, Cuprogarb 500® e Rocksil® inibiram o crescimento micelial do C. gloeosporioides in vitro, reduziram o diâmetro das lesões e mantiveram a qualidade pós-colheita em frutos de goiabeira ‘Paluma’.

scholarly journals Efeito fungitóxico do óleo essencial de aroeira da praia (Schinus terebinthifolius RADDI) sobre Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F.G Oliveira Junior ◽  
R.B. Santos ◽  
F.O. Reis ◽  
S.T Matsumoto ◽  
W.M.S. Bispo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius

Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito do óleo essencial do fruto de Schinus terebinthifolius sobre o crescimento micelial do fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vitro, e no desenvolvimento da antracnose no período de pós-colheita em mamões. As diferentes concentrações de óleo foram diluídas em Tween 80 a 8%. No experimento in vitro foram preparados meios de cultura BDA nas concentrações de 0,05; 0,10; 0,25 e 0,50% do óleo essencial. O controle negativo foi realizado apenas com meio BDA e o controle solvente com meio BDA e Tween 80 a 8%. A inibição do crescimento do fungo foi diretamente proporcional à quantidade do óleo e a maior inibição encontrada foi de 79,07% na concentração de óleo de 0,50%. No experimento in vivo os frutos do mamoeiro foram inoculados com o fungo em quatro tratamentos: com biofilme; com biofilme mais 0,50% do óleo; com fungicida Prochloraz e frutos controle. Embora o tratamento com óleo tenha sido eficiente contra o fungo, não foi indicado comercialmente, pois apresentou valores elevados de perda de massa fresca, de firmeza, e também sintomas de fitotoxidade. O óleo tem propriedade antifúngica contra C. gloeosporioides in vitro e in vivo, contudo, não é recomendado para o mamão em função da fitotoxidez

scholarly journals Efeito In vitro e In vivo de filtrados de rizobactérias sobre Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. do cafeeiro

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-561
Author(s):  
Gilvane Aparecida de Carvalho ◽  
Mário Sobral de Abreu ◽  
Denilson Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende ◽  
Maria Floriana Esteves de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de filtrados derivados de culturas de rizobactérias na inibição da germinação de esporos de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e confirmar sua ação antifúngica em relação à mancha manteigosa em mudas de cafeeiro. Foram conduzidos ensaios in vitro para testar 42 filtrados, identificando-se os de maior capacidade de inibir a germinação de esporos do fungo. Plântulas de café foram submetidas à inoculação com Colletotrichum e pulverização com quatro dos filtrados mais promissores. Os tratamentos constituíram um fatorial 4x4+2, combinando a aplicação de quatro filtrados com quatro modos de inoculação do fungo (ausência de inoculação e inoculação dois dias antes, junto, ou dois dias depois da aplicação dos filtrados). Uma testemunha absoluta e outra que recebeu somente o inóculo do fungo constituíram tratamentos adicionais. Após 35 dias, foram avaliados o crescimento do cafeeiro e a severidade da mancha manteigosa. Os filtrados apresentaram ampla variação quanto à atividade antifúngica in vitro e cinco deles inibiram completamente a germinação dos esporos. No experimento com planta, os filtrados tiveram eficácia similar contra a mancha manteigosa, com controle parcial da doença (35%). A aplicação dos filtrados teve efeito depressivo ao crescimento do cafeeiro, proporcionando menor produção de matéria seca em relação à testemunha absoluta.

scholarly journals Curcumin-removed turmeric oleoresin nano-emulsion as a novel botanical fungicide to control anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in litchi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 729-741
Author(s):  
Van Cuong Bui ◽  
The Tam Le ◽  
Tuyen Hong Nguyen ◽  
Nam Thi Pham ◽  
Hoang Dinh Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Potent Inhibition ◽  
Nano Emulsion ◽  
Nano Formulation

Abstract During curcumin production in Vietnam, curcumin-removed turmeric oleoresin (CRTO) has been considered as a by-product. It costs to treat the by-product to prevent environmental pollution. In this study, the by-product was utilized as an active ingredient for preparing a botanical fungicide-based nano-emulsion and evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo control efficacy against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a causal agent of anthracnose of litchi, in the laboratory as well as a field trial. The nano-emulsion is colloidally stable and uniform with particle sizes of 95–250 nm. CRTO nano-emulsion significantly affected various Colletotrichum species. Notably, this nano-emulsion showed potent inhibition for the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides and solidly suppressed the development of anthracnose on litchi fruits. In the in vitro inhibition test, the equivalent half-maximal inhibitory concentration of CRTO in nano-formulation was 0.11 mg·mL−1, which was 3.0× and 6.1× lower than IC50 values of CRTO alone (0.33 mg·mL−1) and a mixture of curcuminoids (0.48 mg·mL−1), respectively. In the field trial, the litchi anthracnose infection was effectively controlled by nano-formulation. These results suggest that CRTO nano-emulsion could be used as an alternative to harmful synthetic fungicides to control anthracnose on litchi fruits.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Species, Including C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae, from Peach to Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2434-2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Chen ◽  
C. X. Luo ◽  
M. J. Hu ◽  
G. Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum Species Complex ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

Few fungicides are effective against anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., and emerging resistance makes the search for chemical alternatives more relevant. Isolates of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex were collected from South Carolina and Georgia peach orchards and phylogenetic analysis of the combined internal transcribed spacer region, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and β-tubulin gene sequences separated the isolates into C. nymphaeae and C. fioriniae. The sensitivity of these and three other previously reported Colletotrichum spp. from peach, including C. fructicola, C. siamense, and C. truncatum, to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides difenoconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, flutriafol, and fenbuconazole was determined based upon mycelial growth inhibition. C. truncatum was resistant to tebuconazole, metconazole, flutriafol, and fenbuconazole and C. nymphaeae was resistant to flutriafol and fenbuconazole based on 50% effective concentration (EC50) values >100 μg/ml. C. fructicola and C. siamense were sensitive to all DMI fungicides (EC50 values of 0.2 to 13.1 μg/ml). C. fioriniae subgroup 2 isolates were less sensitive to DMI fungicides (EC50 values of 0.5 to 16.2 μg/ml) compared with C. fioriniae subgroup 1 (EC50 values of 0.03 to 2.1 μg/ml). Difenoconazole and propiconazole provided the best control efficacy in vitro to all five species, with EC50 values of 0.2 to 2.7 μg/ml. Tebuconazole and metconazole were effective against all Colletotrichum spp., except for C. truncatum. The strong in vitro activity of some DMI fungicides against Colletotrichum spp. may be exploited for improved anthracnose disease management of peach.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity and alternative control of anthracnose in papaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héber Ferreira dos Reis ◽  
Lilian Maria Arruda Bacchi ◽  
Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon ◽  
Jasna Karoliny Pereira Flores
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: We evaluated the efficacy of natural products in the control of papaya anthracnose, in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiments for evaluation of mycelial growth used a completely randomized 10 × 4 factorial design (treatments × evaluation periods) with eight replicates, with sporulation evaluated at the end of the experiment. The treatments involved the use of aqueous extract at concentrations of 5 and 15% for Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (clove), Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breym (cinnamon), and Zingiber officinalis Rox. (ginger); 1 and 3% chitosan; the fungicide Prochloraz at 100 µg.mL-1; and a control (no treatment). For evaluating conidia germination, we used six treatments with five replicates. The treatments included 7.5% of each extract (clove, cinnamon, and ginger), 1.5% chitosan, and 50 µg.mL-1 of Prochloraz. For the in vivo experiment, “Formosa” papaya “Tainung 1” was used in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replicates to evaluate the severity of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The fruits were treated by immersion for 5 min with 15% clove, cinnamon, and ginger extracts, 8% chitosan, and control with distilled water, and immersion for 2 min in Prochloraz (33.75 g a.i./100 L). The treatments with 15% clove extract and 8% chitosan were effective in all evaluations, resulting in a viable alternative to the fungicide Prochloraz. The treatments with ginger extract were less effective and those with cinnamon offered intermediate control.

scholarly journals Antifungal properties of volatile organic compounds produced by Daldinia eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 isolated from Barleria prionitis leaves against Colletotrichum acutatum and its post-harvest infections on strawberry fruits

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11242
Author(s):  
Sarunpron Khruengsai ◽  
Patcharee Pripdeevech ◽  
Chutima Tanapichatsakul ◽  
Chanin Srisuwannapa ◽  
Priya Esilda D’Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Volatile Organic

Fungal endophytes are microorganisms living symbiotically with a host plant. They can produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from Barleria prionitis plants grown in Thailand and to investigate the antifungal properties of their VOCs against Colletotrichum acutatum, a causal agent of anthracnose disease on post-harvest strawberry fruits. A total of 34 endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of B. prionitis. The VOCs produced from each individual isolate were screened for their antifungal activity against C. acutatum using a dual-culture plate method. From this in vitro screening experiment, the VOCs produced by the endophytic isolate BP11 were found to have the highest inhibition percentage (80.3%) against the mycelial growth of C. acutatum. The endophytic isolate BP11 was molecularly identified as Daldinia eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493. This strain was then selected for an in vivo experiment. Results from the in vivo experiment indicated that the VOCs produced by D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 were able to inhibit infections by C. acutatum on organic fresh strawberry fruits with an average inhibition percentage of 72.4%. The quality of the pathogen-inoculated strawberry fruits treated with VOCs produced by D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 was evaluated. Their fruit firmness, total soluble solids, and pH were found to be similar to the untreated strawberry fruits. Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the VOCs produced by D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 led to the detection and identification of 60 compounds. The major compounds were elemicin (23.8%), benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (8.5%), ethyl sorbate (6.8%), methyl geranate (6.5%), trans-sabinene hydrate (5.4%), and 3,5-dimethyl-4-heptanone (5.1%). Each major compound was tested for its antifungal activity against C. acutatum using the in vitro assay. While all these selected VOCs showed varying degrees of antifungal activity, elemicin was found to possess the strongest antifungal activity. This work suggests that D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 could be a promising natural preservative for controlling C. acutatum associated anthracnose disease in strawberry fruits during the post-harvest period.

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