scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum in Strawberry

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond L. Jacobs ◽  
Tika B. Adhikari ◽  
Jeremy Pattison ◽  
G. Craig Yencho ◽  
Gina E. Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Sib Families

Information on the inheritance of resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum hemibiotrophic infections (HBI) in strawberry leaf tissue and the genetic control of anthracnose crown rot (ACR) in crown tissue are relatively unknown. Six parental genotypes were crossed in a half-diallel mating design to generate 15 full-sib families. HBI and ACR experiments were conducted concurrently. Both seedlings and parental clones were inoculated with 1 × 106 conidia/ml of C. gloeosporioides or C. acutatum. Percent sporulating leaf area, wilt symptoms, and relative area under the disease progress curve were calculated to characterize resistance among genotypes and full-sib families. Low dominance/additive variance ratios for C. acutatum HBI (0.13) and C. gloeosporioides ACR (0.20) were observed, indicating additive genetic control of resistance to these traits. Heritability estimates were low for C. acutatum HBI (0.25) and C. gloeosporioides HBI (0.16) but moderate for C. gloeosporioides ACR (0.61). A high genetic correlation (rA = 0.98) between resistance to C. acutatum HBI and C. gloeosporioides HBI was observed, suggesting that resistance to these two Colletotrichum spp. may be controlled by common genes in strawberry leaf tissue. In contrast, negative genetic correlations between ACR and both HBI traits (rA = −0.85 and −0.61) suggest that resistance in crown tissue is inherited independently of resistance in leaf tissue in the populations tested. Overall, these findings provide valuable insight into the genetic basis of resistance, and the evaluation and deployment of resistance to HBIs and ACR in strawberry breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Gains in Resistance of Strawberry to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Osorio ◽  
J. A. Pattison ◽  
N. A. Peres ◽  
V. M. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
The North ◽  
Diallel Mating Design

Anthracnose crown rot is an important disease of strawberry primarily caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Florida and North Carolina. Information on the magnitude of additive and nonadditive genetic variation is required to define breeding strategies and to estimate potential genetic gains. However, little is known about the genetic control of resistance and its utility in breeding. Our objectives were to obtain estimates of heritabilities and of components of genetic variances, genotype–environment interactions, and gains for resistance, and to examine the effects of locations and transplant types on the estimates. An incomplete diallel mating design generated 42 full-sib families, which were propagated in plugs from seed (seedling tests) and as bare-root runner plants (clonal tests) of different genotypes of the same families. Both seedlings and clones were inoculated with C. gloeosporioides under field conditions in North Carolina and Florida during the 2010–11 season. Narrow-sense heritability (h2) and broad-sense heritability (H2) for both clones and seedlings were higher at the North Carolina location (h2 = 0.34 to 0.62 and H2 = 0.46 to 0.85) than at the Florida location (h2 = 0.16 to 0.22 and H2 = 0.37 to 0.46). Likewise, the seedling tests showed higher genetic control than the clonal tests at both locations. Estimates of dominance variance were approximately one-third of the additive variance at North Carolina and were even larger at Florida. Epistasis was negative at both locations and assumed zero for heritability (H2) calculations. Genotype–environment interactions were different by transplant type, suggesting rank changes across locations. ‘Pelican’ was the most resistant parent at both locations, followed by ‘NCH09-68’ at the NC location and ‘Winter Dawn’ at the Florida location. Selection and deployment of the most resistant clone within each of the five best families is estimated to produce average genetic gains of 53.0 and 73.7% at the North Carolina and Florida locations, respectively.

scholarly journals Oversummer Survival of Inoculum for Colletotrichum Crown Rot in Buried Strawberry Crown Tissue

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ureña-Padilla ◽  
D. J. Mitchell ◽  
D. E. Legard
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Dna Primers

The oversummer survival of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in strawberry crown tissue under field conditions was investigated in 1998 and 1999. Strawberry crowns infected naturally with C. gloeosporioides were placed inside cloth bags containing field soil, buried in the field at 5 or 13 cm, then recovered over 6 months of each year. The recovered crowns were plated onto a Colletotrichum spp. semiselective medium and speciated by colony, spore morphology, and molecular markers with species-specific DNA primers. Pathogenicity of selected isolates was confirmed by greenhouse bioassays on strawberry. Of the 428 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. recovered from buried crowns, 96% were C. gloeosporioides and 4% Colletotrichum acutatum. Following an initial increase in the detection of the fungus, survival of C. gloeosporioides was stable for 2 to 3 weeks, then declined. No Colletotrichum spp. were detected after burial for 56 days in 1998 and 98 days in 1999. Because the time between crop seasons is typically more than 170 days, these data support the hypothesis that inoculum of C. gloeosporioides does not survive in buried plant debris between seasons in Florida and, therefore, oversummering crop debris does not contribute inoculum for epidemics of Colletotrichum crown rot in Florida.

scholarly journals Genetic Gains of Full-Sib Families from Disconnected Diallels in Loblolly Pine

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jansson ◽  
B. Li
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Sib Families

Abstract Breeding values for the 2nd-cycle of the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) breeding program were analyzed with the NCSUIndustry Tree Improvement Cooperative database to estimate genetic gains and compare different strategies for full-sib deployment. In the disconnected half-diallel mating design used for loblolly pine, six parents within each diallel were crossed to generate 15 full-sib families for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) estimates. Parents among disconnected diallels were never crossed, and the SCA and full-sib family breeding values cannot be estimated directly. Using the GCA and SCA estimates from 60 diallels in the Atlantic Coastal region of loblolly pine, genetic gains were estimated in this study for full-sib families within the disconnected diallels and then compared with the potential gains that would be expected if we select parents for full-sib families based on GCA values for all parents within a geographic region. As the dominance variance was found to be much less than the additive variance, the SCA contribution to the full-sib genetic gain was relatively small. Higher full-sib genetic gains were obtained by crossing the best GCA parents from different diallels within a geographic region than selecting only those within diallels. The difference increased with increasing number of selected full-sibs. Results from different selection scenarios, with various selection intensities and relatedness managements, suggest that selection based on GCA from all parents within a geographic region would result in a higher genetic gain for full-sib families in loblolly pine. The deployment of full-sib families are very important for achieving higher genetic gains in a loblolly pine breeding program. But they were not due to the SCA contribution, but rather due to high GCA of best parents in creating these full-sib crosses. The strategies for family and clonal deployment are very attractive based on the data from this study.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Physico-chemical Seed Characters Related to Culinary Quality in Dry Bean

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Wassimi ◽  
G.L. Hosfield ◽  
M.A. Uebersax
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Weight Coefficient ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Culinary Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
San Fernando

Culinary quality in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) depends on attributes of seeds prevailing at harvest and is determined by the genetic architecture of cultivars and by unpredictable environmental factors. Variation among genotypes for culinary quality has been shown to be heritable; however, the efficacy of selection depends on a knowledge of the genetic control of the measured traits. A diallel mating design was used to estimate the combining ability of parents and determine the inheritance of nine culinary quality traits important to processors and consumers. Genetic variability among eight parents, 56 F2, and 56 F3 progenies was confirmed by significant mean squares from analyses of variance. Significant variability detected between F2 and F3 progenies for soaked bean weight (SBWT), soaked bean water content (SBWC), and clumps (CLMP) was due to inbreeding effects. General combining ability (GCA) components were highly significant and overshadowed specific combining ability (SCA) components in the F2 and F3 for SBWT, SBWC, split beans (SPLT), and the washed-drained weight coefficient (WDWTR), indicating that additive variance predominated. Ratios of GCA: SCA components were equal to or less than unity for CLMP, washed-drained weight (WDWT), and texture (TEXT), indicating that both additive and nonadditive effects contributed to trait expression. Significant SCA effect variances were noted for `Sanilac', `San Fernando', `Nep-2', and `A-30' for WDWT and TEXT, implying that progeny from crosses of these parents had higher or lower mean values for the traits titan the average expected on the basis of GCA. Graphs of the regression of Vr on Wr showed that genes controlling WDWT and TEXT were completely dominant in most cases. Recurrent selection, which seeks to concentrate favorable alleles with additive effects in populations, may he an effective breeding procedure to improve the culinary quality of dry beans. It is not feasible to breed for TEXT and WDWT simultaneously because of a negative correlation between the traits.

scholarly journals Paraphoma Crown Rot of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium)

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2363-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azin Moslemi ◽  
Peter K. Ades ◽  
Tim Groom ◽  
Pedro W. Crous ◽  
Marc E. Nicolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rot ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Yield Decline ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Brown Discoloration ◽  
Tanacetum Cinerariifolium ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Rot Disease

Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is commercially cultivated for the extraction of natural pyrethrin insecticides from the oil glands inside seed. Yield decline has caused significant yield losses in Tasmania during the last decade. A new pathogen of pyrethrum causing crown rot and reduced growth of the plants in yield decline affected fields of northern Tasmania was isolated from necrotic crown tissue and described as Paraphoma vinacea. Multigene phylogenetic identification of the pathogen also revealed that P. vinacea was a new species different from other Paraphoma type strains. Glasshouse pathogenicity experiments showed that P. vinacea significantly reduced belowground and total biomass of pyrethrum plants 2 months after inoculation. Dull-tan to reddish-brown discoloration of the cortical and subcortical crown tissue was observed in 100% of the infected plants. P. vinacea infected 75% of the plants inoculated with root dip and soil drench inoculation techniques in an inoculation optimization experiment. P. vinacea, the causal agent of Paraphoma crown rot disease, represents an important pathogen that will negatively impact the commercial cultivation of pyrethrum in Tasmania.

Genetic variation in carbon isotope discrimination and its relationship to growth under field conditions in full-sib families of Piceamariana

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence B. Flanagan ◽  
Kurt H. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Sib Families

Measurements of the stable carbon isotope composition of leaf tissue were made on Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P trees from four full-sib families grown on three different field sites at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Ontario, Canada. The four families chosen exhibited genetic variation for growth characteristics. Genetic variation was also observed for carbon isotopic discrimination (Δ) among the families of P. mariana. In addition, a strong correlation occurred between Δ values measured on trees in 1991 and 1992, two years that had very different precipitation and temperature conditions during the growing season, indicating that the ranking of individual trees remained almost constant between years. A strong, negative correlation was observed between average carbon isotope discrimination and average tree height for the four families on the driest, least productive site, as was expected based on leaf photosynthetic characteristics. There was no significant correlation, however, between Δ values and growth on the other two study sites, where productivity was higher.

scholarly journals Inheritance of resistance to papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain (PRSV-W) in 'Whitaker' summer squash line

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cícero B Menezes ◽  
Wilson R Maluf ◽  
Marcos V Faria ◽  
Sebastião M Azevedo ◽  
Juliano T V Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Major Gene Effect ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Parental Lines

Abstract The objective of this work was to study the genetic control of the PRSV-W (Papaya Ringspot Virus - Watermelon Strain) resistance in Cucurbita pepo 'Whitaker' line. Plants of parental lines Whitaker (resistant) and Caserta (susceptible), and of the generations F1, F2, BC11 and BC12 were evaluated for their reactions to PRSV-W. Caserta plants showed severe mosaic symptoms, while Whitaker grew vigorously and remained almost totally symptom-free. Most of the F1, F2 and backcross plants also presented severe mosaic symptoms. Data were used to test a hypothesis of monogenic inheritance under different presumed degrees of dominance, and genetic models were tested using maximum likelihood tests of genetic control. Broad-sense heritability was of 0.57 for the first evaluation. Resistance to PRSV-W in C. pepo 'Whitaker' is due to a major gene effect summed to polygenic effects.

Dissecting the genetic control of root and leaf tissue-specific anthocyanin pigmentation in carrot (Daucus carota L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
pp. 2485-2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Bannoud ◽  
Shelby Ellison ◽  
Marcos Paolinelli ◽  
Thomas Horejsi ◽  
Douglas Senalik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigmentation ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Daucus Carota L

Genetic control of quality traits of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Guines ◽  
B. Julier ◽  
C. Ecalle ◽  
C. Huyghe
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Female Effect

An important objective in lucerne breeding is the improvement of feeding value. An understanding of the inheritance of digestibility and cell wall related traits would facilitate the breeding of varieties with higher feeding value. The aim of this experiment was first to determine the genetic control of dry matter digestibility and related biochemical and morphological traits, and to assess phenotypic and genetic correlations between these traits. Quantitative genetic parameters were estimated for enzymatic solubility, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), protein content, plant height, and leaf-to-stem ratio. A 7 × 7 diallel design with reciprocals and without selfing among parents from different populations and a 7 × 7 factorial design within the ‘Flamande’ population were studied. In the diallel study, effects due to general combining ability (GCA) were higher than those due to specific combining ability (SCA) for all characters tested. In the factorial study, the F1 progeny effect was significant for all characters. The male effect was highly significant for all traits and higher than the female effect except for plant height. The additive variance was higher than the dominance variance for all characters except for plant height. The inheritance was predominantly additive. The highest narrowsense heritabilities were found for NDF and ADF and leaf-to-stem ratio. As a consequence, NDF or ADF would be more efficient selection criteria than enzymatic solubility in a breeding program for improved feeding value. In both mating designs, NDF, ADF, and ADL were positively correlated with one another and negatively with enzymatic solubility and protein content.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document