scholarly journals First Report of Potato spindle tuber viroid in Tomato in New Zealand

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Elliott ◽  
B. J. R. Alexander ◽  
T. E. Smales ◽  
Z. Tang ◽  
G. R. G. Clover
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Potato Crops

During May 2000, symptoms resembling those of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infection were observed in glasshouse tomatoes (cv. Daniella) growing on one site in Tuakau, South Auckland, New Zealand. Symptoms appeared 2 to 3 months after planting, were confined to plant tops, and included leaf interveinal chlorosis, epinasty, and brittleness. Affected plants comprised ≍10% of the crop and were located near access points. PSTVd was identified in symptomatic plants by the Dutch Plant Protection Service and confirmed by mechanical transmission and grafting to tomato cv. Rutgers and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (2). The sequenced genome of this isolate (Accession AF369530) was 358 nt in length and had the closest homology to a Dutch isolate (Accession X17268). Electron microscopy did not reveal the presence of any viruses in affected plants and specific tests for other tomato pathogens were negative. A survey of 50 tomato glasshouse facilities throughout New Zealand revealed three further infected sites, two located close to the original site and one in Nelson, some 480 km distant. However, a survey of field-grown potato crops within 1.5 km of the original outbreak site did not reveal the presence of the viroid. PSTVd is seed transmitted and was probably introduced in glasshouses by use of infected seed. Glasshouse tomatoes are an important crop in New Zealand and annual production is currently 40,000 tonnes. The yield of affected plants may be decreased by up to 80% if suitable controls are not implemented (1). References: (1) S. Kryczynski et al. Phytopath. Polonica 22:85, 1995. (2) A. M. Shamloul et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 19:89, 1997.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Rapid Commercial Canine Parvovirus Antigen Detection Tests with Electron Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Schmitz ◽  
Christina Coenen ◽  
König Matthias ◽  
Thiel Heinz-Jürgen ◽  
Reto Neiger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Group B

Different antibody-based tests for rapid detection of Canine parvovirus antigens in feces are commercially available, allowing quick diagnosis in a clinical setting. However, the diagnostic accuracy of these tests compared with standard methods has not been evaluated so far. In the current study, 3 commercial tests were compared with immune-electron microscopy (IEM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dogs were divided into 3 groups: group A, samples from dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea ( n = 50); group B, dogs with chronic diarrhea ( n = 10); and group C, dogs with no evidence of gastrointestinal disease ( n = 40). Specificity of all 3 commercial tests versus PCR and IEM was good to excellent (92.2–100%). Sensitivity, in contrast, was poor: 15.8–26.3% versus PCR and 50–60% versus IEM. In group A, 10 dogs were positive by IEM and 24 dogs were positive by PCR. Positive PCR results were also obtained from animals in control groups (group B, 1 dog; group C, 5 dogs). No dog in group B or C was positive by IEM. In conclusion, the rapid tests are useful to diagnose canine parvoviral enteritis, but they do not rule out parvovirus infection in an animal with typical clinical signs. In addition, a small percentage of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic diarrhea showed positive PCR results; this may be due to asymptomatic/persistent infection or intestinal passage of virus. The significance of this finding remains unclear.

scholarly journals Laboratory capability in Europe for foodborne viruses

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Lopman ◽  
Y van Duynhoven ◽  
F X Hanon ◽  
M Reacher ◽  
M Koopmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
National Database ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Foodborne Viruses ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Almost All

This report describes a survey of national laboratory capabilities of diagnostics and surveillance databases for foodborne viruses among the "Foodborne Viruses in Europe" consortium. All the countries have laboratories that can test for HAV antibody in human serum. Eight of the ten surveyed European countries maintain a national database of HAV cases. Food can be tested for the presence of HAV in Finland, Italy, Spain, France and Denmark. All surveyed countries have at least one laboratory that tests for Norwalk-like virus (NLV) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and all also have the capability to use electron microscopy. Five countries maintain a national database of NLV cases and nine maintain a national database of NLV outbreaks. Almost all participant countries have laboratories that can test for NLV in food items including shellfish.

scholarly journals Simplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sexing assists conservation of an endangered owl, the Norfolk Island Boobook Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Double ◽  
Penny Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Norfolk Island ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Recovery Effort ◽  
Main Factor

In 1986 a single Norfolk Island Boobook Owl Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata remained. As part of a re-establishment programme, two male New Zealand Moreporks N. n. novaeseelandiae were introduced, one of which survived to pair with the female in the wild and breed successfully. By 1995 the population numbered 12 or 13 individuals of which seven were second generation (F2). However, there were only two breeding pairs. As the 11 hybrids could not be sexed using morphometrics we developed a molecular method based on a recently described avian polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sexing technique. The population was found to contain six females and five males. A scarcity of mature males was established as the main factor slowing the recovery effort.

Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate accumulation in bacterial consortia from different environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahela Carpa ◽  
Anca Butiuc-Keul ◽  
Iulia Lupan ◽  
Lucian Barbu-Tudoran ◽  
Vasile Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The aim of the present study was to examine soil samples from various vegetation zones in terms of physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and isolation and identification (by polymerase chain reaction and transmission electron microscopy) of bacteria producing poly-β-hydroxybutyrates (PHBs). Soil samples were analysed originating from zones with heterogeneous environmental conditions from the Romanian Carpathian Mountains (mountain zone with alpine meadow, karstic zone with limestone meadow, hill zone with xerophilous meadow, and flood plain zone with hygrophilic meadow). Different bacterial groups involved in the nitrogen cycle (aerobic mesophilic heterotrophs, ammonifiers, denitrifiers, nitrifiers, and free nitrogen-fixing bacteria from Azotobacter genus) were analysed. Soil biological quality was assessed by the bacterial indicator of soil quality, which varied between 4.3 and 4.7. A colony polymerase chain reaction technique was used for screening PHB producers. With different primers, specific bands were obtained in all the soil samples. Some wild types of Azotobacter species were isolated from the 4 studied sites. Biodegradable polymers of PHB were assessed by negative staining in transmission electron microscopy. The maximum PHB granules density was obtained in the strains isolated from the xerophilous meadow (10–18 granules/cell), which was the most stressful environment from all the studied sites, as the physicochemical and microbiological tests proved.

scholarly journals Encephalitozoon Cuniculi Placentitis and Abortion in a Quarterhorse Mare

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Patterson-Kane ◽  
P. Caplazi ◽  
F. Rurangirwa ◽  
R. R. Tramontin ◽  
K. Wolfsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Encephalitozoon Cuniculi ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
University Of Kentucky ◽  
Livestock Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a microsporidial parasite, which has rarely been reported to cause placentitis in animals. A late-term aborted fetus and placenta from a Quarterhorse were presented to the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center, University of Kentucky, for diagnostic examination. There was a necrotizing placentitis, with distension of many chorionic epithelial cells by intracytoplasmic vacuoles containing 1–2-μm-diameter, elongated, gram-positive organisms. The organisms were identified as E. cuniculi by electron microscopy and by polymerase chain reaction using primers to microsporidial ribosomal DNA. Joints of the fetus were swollen, with gross and microscopic lesions of synovitis; however, E. cuniculi DNA was not detected.

Detection of BK polyomavirus after kidney transplantation: a comparison of urine electron microscopy with plasma polymerase chain reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. E42-E48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D. Westervelt ◽  
Barbara D. Alexander ◽  
Sylvia F. Costa ◽  
Sara E. Miller ◽  
David N. Howell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Bk Polyomavirus ◽  
Polymerase Chain
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