scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Leaves, Stems, Flowers, and Tubers of Potato Clones in the Pacific Northwest

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 965-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Porter ◽  
D. A. Inglis ◽  
D. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Mount Vernon ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Foliar Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Umatilla Russet ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in leaves, stems, flowers, and tubers of eight cultivars grown commercially in the Columbia Basin and 29 advanced clones from the Tri-State Potato Variety Development Program was quantified. Foliage of all eight cultivars was susceptible in field and greenhouse tests. Six advanced clones had high levels of resistance in stems and leaves in the field at Mount Vernon, WA, but only two of these six clones had high levels of resistance in leaves and stems in greenhouse tests. Flowers of most plants with high to moderate levels of foliar resistance were susceptible to infection in both the field and greenhouse. Tubers of Umatilla Russet, Russet Legend, Gem Russet, and nine advanced clones, including A90586-11, had high levels of resistance in most laboratory tests. Level of foliar resistance against US-8 and US-11 clonal lineages of P. infestans was variable among clones, but tuber resistance by pathogen clonal lineage varied little among clones. Clones with high resistance expressed quantitative differences compared with susceptible cultivars and likely possess a high level of partial resistance.

Geochemical and Petrological Characterization of Ash Samples from Cascade Range Volcanoes

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Randle ◽  
Gordon G. Goles ◽  
Laurence R. Kittleman
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Volcanic Ashes ◽  
Different Sources

Twenty-nine samples of volcanic ash from the Pacific Northwest were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation techniques, with the aim of distinguishing among ashes from different sources. Preliminary results of petrographic studies of 42 ash or pumice samples are also reported. Geochemical characteristics of Mazama ash are defined, and problems induced by winnowing of crystalline material during transport and by weathering are discussed. Contents of La, Th, and Co, and La/Yb ratios are shown to be good discriminants. Data on refractive indices and on proportions of crystalline materials also aid in distinguishing among the various volcanic ashes studied. Ash and pumice found in archaeological contexts at Fort Rock Cave, Paisley Cave, Wildcat Canyon, and Hobo Cave are all from Mount Mazama, presumably from the culminating cruption of 7000 years ago.

Genetic characterization of Flavobacterium columnare isolates from the Pacific Northwest, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fd Alexandre Sebastião ◽  
K Shahin ◽  
BR LaFrentz ◽  
MJ Griffin ◽  
TP Loch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Flavobacterium Columnare ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Characterization of root traits for improvement of spring wheat in the Pacific Northwest

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Ghimire ◽  
Scot H. Hulbert ◽  
Camille M. Steber ◽  
Kim Garland‐Campbell ◽  
Karen A. Sanguinet
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Optimum Timing of Preplant Applications of Glyphosate to Manage Rhizoctonia Root Rot in Barley

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Babiker ◽  
S. H. Hulbert ◽  
K. L. Schroeder ◽  
T. C. Paulitz
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Rhizoctonia Root Rot ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

Rhizoctonia root rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and R. oryzae, is considered one of the main deterrents for farmers to adopt reduced-tillage systems in the Pacific Northwest. Because of the wide host range of Rhizoctonia spp., herbicide application before planting to control weeds and volunteer plants is the main management strategy for this disease. To determine the effect of timing of glyphosate applications on the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot of barley, field experiments were conducted in 2007, 2008, and 2009 in a field naturally infested with a high level of both R. solani and R. oryzae. Crop volunteer plants and weeds were allowed to grow over the winter and plots were sprayed with glyphosate at 42, 28, 14, 7, and 2 days prior to planting. As the herbicide application interval increased, there were significant increases in shoot length, length of the first true leaf, and number of healthy seminal roots and a decrease in disease severity. Yield and the number of seminal roots did not show a response to herbicide application interval in most years. The activity of R. solani, as measured by toothpick bioassay and real-time polymerase chain reaction, declined over time in all treatments after planting barley. The herbicide application interval required to meet 80 and 90% of the maximum response (asymptote) for all plant and disease measurements ranged from 11 to 27 days and 13 to 37 days, respectively. These times are the minimum herbicide application intervals required to reduce disease severity in the following crop.

Expert Opinions on the Future Production of Five Manufactured Wood Products in the Pacific Northwest

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lita C. Rule ◽  
Jay O'Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Product Group ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Future Production ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Relative Product ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Level

Abstract A panel of 21 experts provided their opinions on future production levels of manufactured wood products in the Pacific Northwest. Their projections covered a 50-year span for five groups of products: softwood lumber, plywood and panels, woodpulp, export chips, and log exports. Explanations for three projection levels—low, median, and high—are described for each product group and then converted into an aggregated estimate of total roundwood timber consumption forecasts. Aggregate totals reveal that over the next 50 years, only the high-level scenario indicates a return to the historic peak production levels of the 1970s. No significant change in the relative product group proportions of aggregate roundwood consumption is expected under any of the three projection levels. This means that lumber and woodpulp, presently constituting two-thirds of total roundwood consumption, are expected to remain as the leading manufactured wood products during the next 50 years. West. J. Appl. For. 4(3):92-98, July 1989

A Structured Framework for Adaptive Management: Bridging Theory and Practice in the Olympic Experimental State Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-489
Author(s):  
Teodora V Minkova ◽  
Jennifer S Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
High Level

Abstract Adaptive management is a systematic approach to learning from outcomes to improve management. Although its virtues are commonly praised, it has been implemented infrequently in natural resource management because of the challenges of developing a feasible process that can be sustained over time. Our analysis of regional experiences from private, state, and federal lands in the Pacific Northwest (United States and Canada) finds that the questions addressed by private organizations tend to be more specific, associated with a narrower scope of uncertainties, and addressed in a shorter time frame with limited stakeholder involvement. On publicly managed lands, questions tend to be more complex and open-ended, usually driven by their mandate for multiple use and high level of stakeholder engagement. We present a structured adaptive management framework that translates theory into action by describing an implementation process and organizational structure, explicitly linking learning to management planning and implementation, and integrating the technical and social aspects of adaptive management. Forest managers and policymakers can customize our example according to their mandate and management objectives. The framework is particularly relevant to land management for multiple uses, where the uncertainties are abundant and complex, and the decisionmakers increasingly use mathematical modeling to inform their decisions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Environmental Sources of the Human and Animal Pathogen Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada, and the Pacific Northwest of the United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1433-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Kidd ◽  
Yat Chow ◽  
Sunny Mak ◽  
Paxton J. Bach ◽  
Huiming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Genetic Subtype ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Cryptococcus gattii has recently emerged as a primary pathogen of humans and wild and domesticated animals in British Columbia, particularly on Vancouver Island. C. gattii infections are typically infections of the pulmonary and/or the central nervous system, and the incidence of infection in British Columbia is currently the highest reported globally. Prior to this emergence, the environmental distribution of and the extent of colonization by C. gattii in British Columbia were unknown. We characterized the environmental sources and potential determinants of colonization in British Columbia. C. gattii was isolated from tree surfaces, soil, air, freshwater, and seawater, and no seasonal prevalence was observed. The C. gattii concentrations in air samples were significantly higher during the warm, dry summer months, although potentially infectious propagules (<3.3 μm in diameter) were present throughout the year. Positive samples were obtained from many different areas of British Columbia, and some locations were colonization “hot spots.” C. gattii was generally isolated from acidic soil, and geographic differences in soil pH may influence the extent of colonization. C. gattii soil colonization also was associated with low moisture and low organic carbon contents. Most of the C. gattii isolates recovered belonged to the VGIIa genetic subtype; however, sympatric colonization by the VGIIb strain was observed at most locations. At one sampling site, VGIIa, VGIIb, VGI, and the Cryptococcus neoformans serotype AD hybrid all were coisolated. Our findings indicate extensive colonization by C. gattii within British Columbia and highlight an expansion of the ecological niche of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Populations of Botrytis cinerea from Pear-Related Sources to Benzimidazole and Dicarboximide Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Lennox ◽  
Robert A. Spotts
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Benzimidazole Fungicides ◽  
Postharvest Application ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Type Population ◽  
High Level

Botrytis cinerea is responsible for a major portion of postharvest decay in winter pears in the Pacific Northwest. The baseline sensitivity levels (mean EC50 values) of a wild-type B. cinerea population to thiabendazole and iprodione were 6.66 and 0.56 mg/liter, respectively. B. cinerea from commercial orchards not treated with a benzimidazole had significantly lower incidence of resistance (0.59%) to a discriminatory concentration of thiabendazole at 10 mg/liter than did isolates from orchards in which benomyl had been applied for experimental purposes (16.0%), unsprayed control trees in benomyl-sprayed orchards (5.34%), and isolates from packinghouses where thiabendazole was applied as a prestorage drench or packingline spray (3.23%). The mean EC50 value of isolates in the wild-type population was lower than those of resistant isolates from all other sources. High-level thiabendazole resistance (EC50 > 100 mg/liter) was found in 0.20% of isolates from unsprayed commercial orchards, 9.33% of isolates from benomyl-sprayed orchards, and 2.67% of isolates from unsprayed control trees in these benomyl-sprayed orchards. In isolates from packinghouses where a thiabendazole line spray was applied, 1.52% had high-level thiabendazole resistance. All isolates from all pear-related sources tested were sensitive to iprodione at 10 mg/liter. This study provides evidence supporting current recommendations of a single postharvest application of a benzimidazole to control decay caused by B. cinerea, and no application of benzimidazole fungicides in the orchard.

scholarly journals Characterization of mercury, arsenic, and selenium in the product streams of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory 6-kg retort

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Olsen ◽  
J.C. Evans ◽  
D.S. Sklarew ◽  
D.C. Girvin ◽  
C.L. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Pacific Northwest Laboratory ◽  
The Pacific

Characterization of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in the Hop Cultivars Newport and Comet

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierra N. Wolfenbarger ◽  
Emily B. Eck ◽  
David H. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Podosphaera Macularis

Hop powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera macularis, is an important disease in the Pacific Northwest. Resistant cultivars of hop have been developed and have provided field immunity to the disease until virulent strains of P. macularis emerged. Due to the increase of powdery mildew on formerly resistant cultivars, studies were conducted to characterize potential sources of host resistance. Accepted for publication 5 February 2014. Published 27 March 2014.

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