Quantifying the Effects of Fungicides and Tillage on Cercospora sojina Severity and Yield of Soybean

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
Heather M. Kelly ◽  
Prakash R. Arelli ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Binbin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Cercospora Sojina ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
No Till ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University

A field study was conducted in 2014 through 2016 at the University of Tennessee Research and Education Center, Milan, TN, to determine fungicide effects on frogeye leaf spot (FLS) caused by Cercospora sojina and to determine disease severity and yield under no-till and tillage. Each plot was visually rated for FLS severity based on the percent leaf area covered from 0 to 100%. The result showed that tillage did not affect severity of the disease or yield. However, there were significant effects from fungicide, year-to-year effects, and fungicide × year interactions. Among the three years, disease severity in 2016 was greater than in 2014 and 2015. Among the six fungicides, Topsin, Topguard, Quadris TOP SBX, and Priaxor significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced maximum disease severity in 2016. All fungicide applications improved yield relative to the untreated check. Topsin and Quadris TOP SBX, however, had consistently the highest percent yield increases. These results suggest that not all fungicides that reduced FLS severity equally protected yield, indicating that yield and environmental conditions need to be considered when making appropriate fungicide recommendations in tilled and no-till systems.

scholarly journals Tillage, Fungicide, and Cultivar Effects on Frogeye Leaf Spot Severity and Yield in Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1476-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
Heather M. Kelly ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Prakash R. Arelli ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
No Till ◽  
Frogeye Leaf Spot ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern United States

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) of soybean, caused by Cercospora sojina, has been a problem in the southern United States for many years but has become an increasing problem in the northern United States more recently, causing significant yield losses. This increase in disease severity in the northern United States has been attributed to increased utilization of no-till planting and changes in climate. A field study was conducted at the University of Tennessee, Research and Education Center in Milan, TN from 2007 to 2010 to determine severity in tilled and no-till plots treated with or without fungicide at R3 and R5 growth stages. Three FLS-susceptible cultivars, one each in Maturity Groups III, IV, and V, were treated with pyraclostrobin (Headline) fungicide. Analysis of variance using the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) indicated no significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in disease severity between tilled and no-till plots without fungicide. Fungicide did not significantly reduce disease under no-till, but did under tilled plots. This is the first study showing that no-till plots did not reduce or enhance the severity of FLS when no fungicide was applied. Fungicide application significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) disease severity and AUDPC and increased yield in tilled plots. The yield gains in tilled, fungicide-treated plots ranged from 1 to 17%. When fungicide was applied, disease severity was not reduced as significantly in no-till as in treated tilled plots, suggesting that fungicide programs under a no-till system may require further study to minimize the risk of FLS severity.

Strategic sourcing business models

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Vitasek
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
International Association ◽  
Senior Leaders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Sourcing ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
Industry Group ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe how seven sourcing models operate along a continuum depending on the complexity of the marketplace and the strategic needs of buyers and suppliers. Studies of business procurement and sourcing practices reveal that collaborative and holistic approaches will increase efficiencies and value in strategic outsourcing relationships. Design/methodology/approach The design is based on research and fieldwork from the University of Tennessee and vetted with the Sourcing Industry Group, the Center for Outsourcing Research and Education and the International Association for Contracts and Commercial Management. This work provided the basis and framework for the 2015 book, Strategic Sourcing in the New Economy: Harnessing the Potential of Sourcing Business Models in Modern Procurement. Findings Most organizations operate under conventional transaction-based models that are constrained by a formal, legally oriented, risk-averse and liability-based culture. There is growing awareness that transactional-based approaches do not always give each party the intended, or best, results. University of Tennessee research shows how organizations apply alternative output- and outcome-based approaches for complex contracts. That experience demonstrates that alternative Sourcing Business Models are viable approaches to the conventional transactional methods[1]. As senior leaders see positive results from carefully crafted collaborative agreements, momentum grows for both output- and outcome-based approaches. Practical implications Education on sourcing business models. Originality/value Collaborative outsourcing.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of Soybean Frogeye Leaf Spot in Iowa

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Yang ◽  
M. D. Uphoff ◽  
S. Sanogo
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Central City ◽  
Cercospora Sojina ◽  
East Central ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Frogeye Leaf Spot ◽  
Winter Temperatures

Frogeye leaf spot of soybean, caused by Cercospora sojina, is typically a disease of warm and humid regions (2). Although the disease was reported in the Midwest in the 1920s (1), no outbreaks have been recorded in Iowa. Outbreaks of frogeye leaf spot occurred during 1999 in soybean fields in Ames and Grand Junction in central Iowa. During the 2000 growing season, the disease occurred in southwestern, southcentral, central, southeastern, and east-central Iowa. Occurrences of the disease with severity (reduction of green leaf area) greater than 50% were observed in production soybean fields at Grand Junction in central Iowa and Central City in eastern Iowa. In a 12-ha no-till field planted with cv. Asgrow 2501, the disease was noticeable and uniformly distributed in the entire field in mid July. Disease severity in this field was greater than 70% by the end of August. Disease incidence, however, was less than 10% in three adjacent soybean fields. In a soybean performance test at a central Iowa location where the disease occurred in 1999 and 2000, the disease was observed on all 80 varieties, with four having a severity equal to or greater than 40%. Fourteen entries had less than a 10% disease severity and 19 entries had a disease severity equal to or greater than 30%. Infected leaves in these locations had typical lesions of frogeye leaf spot, which appeared as reddish brown margins surrounding light brown or ash gray centers. On the infected tissues, hyaline, straight, and multiseptate conidia from clustered conidiophores were found, isolated, and identified to C. sojina. The relatively warm winter temperatures in 1998 to 1999 and 1999 to 2000 were associated with frogeye leaf spot epidemics. Because of the seedborne nature of C. sojina, efforts are warranted to monitor and survey the occurrence of frogeye leaf spot in Iowa, an important seed production state in the northern soybean production region. References: (1) K. Athow and A. H. Probst. Phytopathology 42:660–662, 1952. (2) D. V. Phillips. 1999. Pages 20–21 in: Soybean Disease Compendium. Hartman et al. eds, American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN.

FloRunTM ‘331’ Peanut Variety

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry L. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Central Stem ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
High Yield Potential

FloRunTM ‘331’ peanut variety was developed by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center near Marianna, Florida.  It was released in 2016 because it combines high yield potential with excellent disease tolerance. FloRunTM ‘331’ has a typical runner growth habit with a semi-prominent central stem and medium green foliage.  It has medium runner seed size with high oleic oil chemistry.

The center for research and education on accessible technology and experiences (CREATE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mankoff ◽  
Jacob O. Wobbrock
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
The World ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
Paradigm Shifting ◽  
Improve Access

In an era of rapidly evolving technology and increasing interconnection, full participation in society depends on the successful use of technology. Thus, to ensure equity and participation for people with disabilities, technology must be accessible - we must create and adapt interactive systems to improve access to technology and to the world at large. The University of Washington Center for Research and Education on Accessible Technology and Experiences (CREATE) is dedicated to propelling accessible technology research and education from incremental improvements to paradigm-shifting breakthroughs that enable greater inclusion and participation for people of all abilities.

scholarly journals Differences in copper and selenium metabolism between Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ranches ◽  
R Alves ◽  
M Vedovatto ◽  
E Anne Palmer ◽  
P Moriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Brahman Cattle ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
Se Status

Abstract A two-year study was conducted at the University of Florida – IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center (Ona, FL) to evaluate differences in the metabolism of Cu and Se of Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle. Thirty-two pregnant beef cows (n = 8 Brahman and 8 Angus/year) were enrolled in the study in the first trimester of gestation. The study consisted of 3 phases: (1) restriction (d 0 to d 90); (2) supplementation (d 91 to 150), and (3) calving. During all 3 phases, cows were individually fed and housed in partially covered drylot pens. During the restriction and supplementation phases cows were provided a 1.5 kg/d of a grain-based concentrate supplement, which was fortified with flowers of S (50 g of supplemental S/cow daily; restriction phase) or Cu and Se (100 and 3 mg/d of Cu and Se, respectively; supplementation phase). Blood and liver samples were collected from all cows on 30 d intervals and from both cows and calves within 24 h of calving. Colostrum and milk samples were collected at calving and 7 d after birth. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, where cow and calf were the experimental unit. During the restriction phase, a breed × day effect (P = 0.03) was observed where Brahman had greater liver Cu concentration than Angus cows in all sampling days. For liver Se concentration, a tendency (P = 0.07) for a breed effect was observed where Angus cows tended to have greater liver Se concentration than Brahman. During the supplementation phase, breed (P < 0.001) and day (P < 0.01) effects were observed, where Brahman cows had greater liver Cu concentration than Angus. For liver Se concentration, a day effect (P < 0.001) was observed, where liver Se concentration increased (P < 0.001) from d 90 to 120 and remained unchanged (P = 0.86) until d 150. At calving no effects of breed (P = 0.34) were observed for liver Cu concentration of cows, however, Brahman calves tended (P = 0.09) to have greater liver Cu concentration than Angus calves. For Se liver concentration at calving, Angus cows tended (P = 0.07) to have greater liver Se concentration than Brahman cows, however no breed differences (P = 0.70) were observed for liver Se concentration of calves at birth. In summary substantial differences in multiple indicators of Cu and Se status were observed between Angus and Brahman cattle, implying that Angus and Brahman cattle possibly have different mechanisms to maintain adequate Cu and Se status.

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