scholarly journals Investigating in vitro mating preference between or within the two forms of Pyrenophora teres and its hybrids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhika Amarasinghe Dahanayaka ◽  
Niloofar Vaghefi ◽  
Lisle Snyman ◽  
Martin Anke
Keyword(s):  
Mating Preference ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Ascospore Production

Net blotch diseases result in significant yield losses to barley industries worldwide. They occur as net-form and spot-form net blotch caused by P. teres f. teres (Ptt) and P. teres f. maculata (Ptm), respectively. Hybridisation between the forms was proposed to be rare, but recent identifications of field hybrids has renewed interest in the frequency and mechanisms underlying hybridisation. This study investigates the mating preference of Ptt, Ptm and laboratory-produced hybrids in vitro, using 24 different isolates and four different experimental setups. Two crosses in our study produced ascospores during two intervals separated by a 32-35 day period of no ascospore production. For these crosses Ptt isolates mated with isolates of the same form during the early ascospore production interval and produced hybrids during the later interval. Ptm isolates did not mate with isolates of the same form, instead hybridised with Ptt isolates. Analyses based on DArTseq™ markers confirmed that laboratory-produced hybrids, when given the choice to mate with both Ptt and Ptm, mated with Ptt isolates. These results unravel a novel concept that Ptt seems to have a greater reproduction robustness than Ptm, which could lead to increased prevalence of hybrid incidences in vivo.

scholarly journals IL-32 is a metabolic regulator promoting survival and proliferation of malignant plasma cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Roseth Aass ◽  
Robin Mjelle ◽  
Martin H. Kastnes ◽  
Synne S. Tryggestad ◽  
Luca M. van den Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Novel Concept

AbstractIL-32 is a non-classical cytokine expressed in cancers, inflammatory diseases and infections. IL-32 can have both extracellular and intracellular functions, and its receptor is not identified. We here demonstrate that endogenously expressed, intracellular IL-32 binds to components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and promotes oxidative phosphorylation. Knocking out IL-32 in malignant plasma cells significantly reduced survival and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. High throughput transcriptomic and MS-metabolomic profiling of IL-32 KO cells revealed that loss of IL-32 leads to profound perturbations in metabolic pathways, with accumulation of lipids, pyruvate precursors and citrate, indicative of reduced mitochondrial function. IL-32 is expressed in a subgroup of multiple myeloma patients with an inferior prognosis. Primary myeloma cells expressing IL-32 were characterized by a plasma cell gene signature associated with immune activation, proliferation and oxidative phosphorylation. We propose a novel concept for regulation of metabolism by an intracellular cytokine and identify IL-32 as an endogenous growth and survival factor for malignant plasma cells. IL-32 is a potential prognostic biomarker and a treatment target in multiple myeloma.

scholarly journals Profile of the in vitro secretome of the barley net blotch fungus, Pyrenophora teres f. teres

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 101451 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jordi Muria-Gonzalez ◽  
Katherine G. Zulak ◽  
Eef Allegaert ◽  
Richard P. Oliver ◽  
Simon R. Ellwood
Keyword(s):  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Barley Net Blotch

In vitro hydrodynamics of the Embol-X cannula

Perfusion ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Gerdes ◽  
Thorsten Hanke ◽  
Hans-H Sievers
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Mock Circulation ◽  
Aortic Cannula ◽  
Novel Concept

Background: Prevention of intraoperative plaque dislodgement in patients with atherosclerotic ascending aorta by development of innovative aortic cannula designs gains growing interest in cardiac surgery. To increase knowledge about the hydrodynamics of the innovative Embol-X™ cannula, which includes an intra-aortic filter device targeting at atheromatous emboli capture, was the aim of the present study. Methods: Pressure gradients and back pressures of the Embol-X™ cannula were measured at varying flow rates in a mock circulation and compared with two commonly used single-stream cannulae. Results: At a flow rate of 5.5 l/min, pressure gradients across the Argyle™ and the RMI cannulae were 48% and 62% and back pressures 25% and 47% lower than the corresponding values across the Embol-X™ cannula. Conclusions: The novel concept of integrating a filter device may provide clinical advantages concerning neurologic outcome. Further in vivo studies seem to be desirable to obtain more information concerning the clinical effects of the Embol-X™ cannula hydrodynamics.

Non-Covalent Polyvalent Ligands by Self-Assembly of Small Glycodendrimers: A Novel Concept for the Inhibition of Polyvalent Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions In Vitro and In Vivo

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebhard Thoma ◽  
Markus B. Streiff ◽  
Andreas G. Katopodis ◽  
Rudolf O. Duthaler ◽  
Nicolas H. Voelcker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Polyvalent Ligands ◽  
Novel Concept

scholarly journals Targeted Deletion of Regions Rich in Immune-Evasive Genes from the Cytomegalovirus Genome as a Novel Vaccine Strategy

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (24) ◽  
pp. 13825-13834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Čičin-Šain ◽  
Ivan Bubić ◽  
Margit Schnee ◽  
Zsolt Ruzsics ◽  
Christian Mohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell Response ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patient ◽  
Type I ◽  
Vaccine Strategy ◽  
Targeted Deletion ◽  
Genome Termini ◽  
Novel Concept

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous human pathogen, is a leading cause of congenital infections and represents a serious health risk for the immunosuppressed patient. A vaccine against CMV is currently not available. CMV is characterized by its large genome and by multiple genes modulating the immunity of the host, which cluster predominantly at genome termini. Here, we tested whether the deletion of gene blocks rich in immunomodulatory genes could be used as a novel concept in the generation of immunogenic but avirulent, herpesvirus vaccines. To generate an experimental CMV vaccine, we selectively deleted 32 genes from the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) genome. The resulting mutant grew to titers similar to that of wild-type MCMV in vitro. In vivo, the mutant was 10,000-fold attenuated and well tolerated, even by highly susceptible mice deficient for B, T, and NK cells or for the interferon type I receptor. Equally relevant for safety concerns, immune suppression did not lead to the mutant's reactivation from latency. Immunization with the replication-competent mutant, but not with inactivated virus, resulted in protective immunity, which increased over time. Vaccination induced MCMV-specific antibodies and a strong T-cell response. We propose that a targeted and rational approach can improve future herpesvirus vaccines and vaccine vectors.

Phase I/II trial of intraperitoneal implantation of agarose-agarose macrobeads (MB) containing mouse renal adenocarcinoma cells (RENCA) in patients (pts) with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14517-e14517
Author(s):  
Allyson J. Ocean ◽  
Tapan Parikh ◽  
Nathaniel Berman ◽  
Juliet Escalon ◽  
Manish A. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Early Response ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Ecog Ps

e14517 Background: RENCA tumor cells encapsulated in two concentric agarose layers which release signals to treat advanced cancers is a novel concept that has been substantiated in in vitro and in vivo models as reported in Cancer Research 71(3), 716-735, 2011.We report results of a phase I/II study in advanced CRC pts. Methods: Previously-treated advanced CRC pts (ECOG PS 0-2) were enrolled with informed consent obtained. Pts had intraperitoneal implantation up to 4 times via laparoscopy with 8 (37/40 pts- established dose) or 16 (3/40 pts) RENCA MB/kg. Serial exams, lab profiles, and imaging were done pre- and 3 months (mo.) post-implant to assess efficacy. Endpoints of safety, tumor marker decrease, response, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Results: 40 pts were implanted with RENCA MB (12 pts phase I; 28 pts phase II); 17M: 23F. Mean age 58.3. 14/40 pts had >1 implant (≥2: 14 pts; ≥3: 2 pts; =4: 2 pts). Response to MB is marked by a prominent initial rise in CRP, ESR, and IL-6, indicating a systemic inflammatory response (SIR) (100% of pts) and a parallel decrease in CEA and/or CA 19-9 in approximately 70%. SIR including its accompanying fatigue and anorexia lasts days to 3 wks. Overall, there was a statistically significant difference (p=0.009) in OS between the 70% of pts showing a decrease in tumor markers by at least 20% during the first 30 days post-implant (OS; 9.7 mo., C.I. 6.5-13.5) and those who did not (OS; 4.4 mo., C.I. 1.1-7.6). On PET-CT imaging, a striking feature of response, most often seen in pts with the longest OS, is tumor necrosis. MB were well-tolerated and no Grade ≥3 adverse events were treatment-related. Conclusions: For advanced, treatment-resistant CRC pts, early response to MB implantation characterized by tumor marker decrease in association with SIR correlates with a statistically significant increase in OS. RENCA MB represent a possible new therapeutic option for late-stage CRC. Clinical trial information: NCT01053013.

scholarly journals Potential Effects of Nutraceuticals in Retinopathy of Prematurity

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Jessica K. W. Tsang ◽  
Susanne A. Wolf ◽  
Inga M. Pompoes ◽  
Antonia M. Joussen ◽  
Wai Ching Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Retinal Vasculature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pathological Angiogenesis ◽  
Novel Concept

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the most common cause of childhood blindness, is a hypoxia-induced eye disease characterized by retinal neovascularization. In the normal retina, a well-organized vascular network provides oxygen and nutrients as energy sources to maintain a normal visual function; however, it is disrupted when pathological angiogenesis is induced in ROP patients. Under hypoxia, inadequate oxygen and energy supply lead to oxidative stress and stimulate neovasculature formation as well as affecting the function of photoreceptors. In order to meet the metabolic needs in the developing retina, protection against abnormal vascular formation is one way to manage ROP. Although current treatments provide beneficial effects in reducing the severity of ROP, these invasive therapies may also induce life-long consequences such as systemic structural and functional complications as well as neurodevelopment disruption in the developing infants. Nutritional supplements for the newborns are a novel concept for restoring energy supply by protecting the retinal vasculature and may lead to better ROP management. Nutraceuticals are provided in a non-invasive manner without the developmental side effects associated with current treatments. These nutraceuticals have been investigated through various in vitro and in vivo methods and are indicated to protect retinal vasculature. Here, we reviewed and discussed how the use of these nutraceuticals may be beneficial in ROP prevention and management.

scholarly journals Bacillus thuringiensis Combined With Fungicide Applications in the Management of Soybean Leaf Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Mônica A. Müller ◽  
Ana C. Klosowski ◽  
Maristella Dalla Pria ◽  
Sérgio M. Mazaro ◽  
Louise L. May De Mio
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Resistance Induction ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
Soybean Leaf

Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is the main soybean leaf disease in Brazil. Downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica) and powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa) are important soybean foliar diseases of occurrence in Paraná state. To reduce severity and yield losses caused by soybean foliar diseases, this work aimed to verify the efficacy of different application doses of the commercial product Dipel® Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which is a biological insect controller, combined with number of Opera® fungicide (pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole) intercalated applications, and to investigate the effect of the Bt Dipel® in the resistance induction of soybean. For this study, different methodologies were used, including in vitro, in vivo and field assays. The results showed that Bt Dipel® can reduce soybean foliar diseases by inducing β-1,3 glucanase enzime and phytoalexin gliceolin. The fungicide application in the experiment condition reduced yield losses.

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