scholarly journals Characterization of a Variant of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri that Triggers a Host-Specific Defense Response

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
María A. Chiesa ◽  
María F. Siciliano ◽  
Leonardo Ornella ◽  
Roxana A. Roeschlin ◽  
María A. Favaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Response ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Xanthan Production ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Citrus Bacterial Canker ◽  
Canker Development

Citrus is an economically important fruit crop that is severely afflicted by Asiatic citrus bacterial canker (CBC), a disease caused by the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri). To gain insight into the molecular epidemiology of CBC, 42 Xanthomonas isolates were collected from a range of Citrus spp. across 17 different orchards in Tucumán, Argentina and subjected to molecular, biochemical, and pathogenicity tests. Analysis of genome-specific X. citri markers and DNA polymorphisms based on repetitive elements-based polymerase chain reaction showed that all 42 isolates belonged to X. citri. Interestingly, pathogenicity tests showed that one isolate, which shares >90% genetic similarity to the reference strain X. citri T, has host range specificity. This new variant of X. citri subsp. citri, named X. citri AT, which is deficient in xanthan production, induces an atypical, noncankerous chlorotic phenotype in Citrus limon and C. paradisi and weak cankerous lesions in C. aurantifolia and C. clementina leaves. In C. limon, suppression of canker development is concomitant with an oxidative burst; xanthan is not implicated in the phenotype induced by this interaction, suggesting that other bacterial factors would be involved in triggering the defense response.

scholarly journals Characterization of Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines Population Genetics and Virulence in a National Survey of Bacterial Pustule Disease in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-661
Author(s):  
In-Jeong Kang ◽  
Kyung Seok Kim ◽  
Gwyn A. Beattie ◽  
Hyunjung Chung ◽  
Sunggi Heu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
New Type ◽  
Type Strains

Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines (Xcg) is a major pathogen of soybean (Glycine max) in South Korea, despite the availability of soybean varieties with some resistance. We conducted a nationwide survey of the incidence and severity of bacterial pustule caused by Xcg. The percentage of infected fields was 7% to 17% between 2015 and 2017. We characterized the diversity of a nationwide collection of 106 Xcg isolates based on avrBs3 banding patterns. The isolates fell into 11 groups, each represented by a type strain; only two of these were similar to isolates collected from 1999 to 2002. The diversity of Xcg strains increased and the dominant strains changed between 1999 and 2017, with three new type strains comprising 44% of the isolates examined in 2012 to 2017. Pathogenicity tests did not show evidence for a shift in the races or aggressiveness of Xcg strains. Korean soybean cultivars, including the widely-grown Daewon cultivar, were susceptible to the 11 new type strains. The cultivar CNS, which carries the rxp resistance gene, was susceptible to most type strains, including two representing 83% of the Korean Xcg strains. In contrast, Williams 82, which also carries rxp, showed resistance to at least five type strains. Collectively, these results suggest that Williams 82 has resistance loci in addition to rxp. The widespread distribution of Xcg, the high virulence of the current endemic strains, and the low resistance of most Korean soybean cultivars collectively favor widespread disease in Korea in years that are favorable to pustule development.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant in travellers from the United Kingdom to India: VUI-202012/01 of the B.1.1.7 lineage

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya D Yadav ◽  
Dimpal A Nyayanit ◽  
Rima R Sahay ◽  
Prasad Sarkale ◽  
Jayshri Pethani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Local Transmission

We have isolated the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 variant of concern 202 012/01 from the positive coronavirus disease 2019 cases that travelled from the UK to India in the month of December 2020. This emphasizes the need for the strengthened surveillance system to limit the local transmission of this new variant.

scholarly journals Emergence of Salmonid Alphavirus Genotype 2 in Norway—Molecular Characterization of Viral Strains Circulating in Norway and Scotland

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Monika J. Hjortaas ◽  
Elena Fringuelli ◽  
Adérito L. Monjane ◽  
Aase B. Mikalsen ◽  
Christine M. Jonassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Length ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Boat Traffic ◽  
Horizontal Spread ◽  
Full Length Genome

Pancreas disease (PD) and sleeping disease (SD), caused by an alphavirus, are endemic in European salmonid aquaculture, causing significant mortality, reduced growth and poor flesh quality. In 2010, a new variant of salmonid alphavirus emerged in Norway, marine salmonid alphavirus genotype 2 (SAV2). As this genotype is highly prevalent in Scotland, transmission through well boat traffic was hypothesized as one possible source of infection. In this study, we performed full-length genome sequencing of SAV2 sampled between 2006 and 2012 in Norway and Scotland, and present the first comprehensive full-length characterization of Norwegian marine SAV2 strains. We analyze their relationship with selected Scottish SAV2 strains and explore the genetic diversity of SAV. Our results show that all Norwegian marine SAV2 share a recent last common ancestor with marine SAV2 circulating in Scotland and a higher level of genomic diversity among the Scottish marine SAV2 strains compared to strains from Norway. These findings support the hypothesis of a single introduction of SAV2 to Norway sometime from 2006–2010, followed by horizontal spread along the coast.

scholarly journals Characterization of the New Metallo-β-Lactamase VIM-13 and Its Integron-Borne Gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolate in Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 3589-3596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Juan ◽  
Alejandro Beceiro ◽  
Olivia Gutiérrez ◽  
Sebastián Albertí ◽  
Margalida Garau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Class B ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACT During a survey conducted to evaluate the incidence of class B carbapenemase (metallo-β-lactamase [MBL])-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from hospitals in Majorca, Spain, five clinical isolates showed a positive Etest MBL screening test result. In one of them, strain PA-SL2, the presence of a new bla VIM derivative (bla VIM-13) was detected by PCR amplification with bla VIM-1-specific primers followed by sequencing. The bla VIM-13-producing isolate showed resistance to all β-lactams (except aztreonam), gentamicin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin. VIM-13 exhibited 93% and 88% amino acid sequence identities with VIM-1 and VIM-2, respectively. bla VIM-13 was cloned in parallel with bla VIM-1, and the resistance profile conferred was analyzed both in Escherichia coli and in P. aeruginosa backgrounds. Compared to VIM-1, VIM-13 conferred slightly higher levels of resistance to piperacillin and lower levels of resistance to ceftazidime and cefepime. VIM-13 and VIM-1 were purified in parallel as well, and their kinetic parameters were compared. The k cat/K m ratios for the antibiotics mentioned above were in good agreement with the MIC data. Furthermore, EDTA inhibited the activity of VIM-13 approximately 25 times less than it inhibited the activity of VIM-1. VIM-13 was harbored in a class 1 integron, along with a new variant (Ala108Thr) of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme encoding gene aacA4, which confers resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin. Finally, the VIM-13 integron was apparently located in the chromosome, since transformation and conjugation experiments consistently yielded negative results and the bla VIM-13 probe hybridized only with the genomic DNA.

scholarly journals Recombinant expression and characterization of a cysteine peptidase from Xanthomonas citri subsp citri

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4043-4057 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Soares-Costa ◽  
R.S. Silveira ◽  
M.T.M. Novo ◽  
M.F.M. Alves ◽  
A.K. Carmona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Expression ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Cysteine Peptidase

Characterization of Microbial pigments from a combination of Citrus limon peel and Carica papaya pulp extract by using Penicillium purpurogenum

2021 ◽  
pp. 2417-2425
Author(s):  
Aparna S.S.V. ◽  
D. Sarvamangala ◽  
S. Manga
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Penicillium Purpurogenum ◽  
Papaya Pulp ◽  
Phenyl Vinyl

The present examination was done for assurance of the microbial colors present in the blend of Citrus limon (strip) and Carica papaya (pulp) is the restoratively significant plant having a place with the Rutaceae and Caricaceae family individually. In the present investigation, the concentrate of Citrus limon strip with Carica papaya mash has been exposed to aging by utilizing Pencillium purpurogenum and broke down by explanatory systems. This investigation uncovered that microbial concentrate of Citrus limon and Carica papaya contains Silanediol dimethyl, 3-furaldehyde, 4-hepten-3-one, 3-undecen-5-yne, 3-cyclohexon-ol, 3,4,5-Trimethylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-6(1H)-one, N-didehydrohexacarboxyl-2,4,5-trimethylpiperazine, 6,10-Dimethoxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(methylsulfanyl) - 2-aza-spiro [4.5] deca-1,6,9-trien-8-one, 9-octadecenoic corrosive, 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, Di-n-octyl phthalate, 2-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)- vinyl]-1-(2-phenoxy-ethyl)- 1h-benzoimidazole, lilial, Cyclohexane, and 3',4',5,6,7,8-Hexamethoxyflavone defending the utilization of this plant to treat numerous aliments in society and homegrown prescription.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Rheum species (Endangered Medicinal Herb of Indian Himalayan Region) using Molecular Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Anjali Uniyal ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar ◽  
Sweta Upadhyay ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Herb ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Simple Sequence

The Rheum species are important medicinal plants that are facing extinction due to their unplanned development and overexploitation by pharmaceutical industries. DNA polymorphisms are not prone to environmental modifications, thus they are widely used for the identification and characterization of plants. The use of different molecular markers has enabled the researchers for the valuation of genetic variability and diversity in its natural zone of distribution. The conventional approach may take several years to yield this information. For the estimation of molecular and genetic variations in geographical zone of distribution, various molecular markers technique are available like RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism), ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats), SSR and AFLP. The uses of different molecular markers for the study of genetic diversity have been discussed in the review.

Isolation and characterization of a variant myoblast cell line that is temperature sensitive for differentiation

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2335-2341
Author(s):  
R J Akhurst ◽  
N B Flavin ◽  
J Worden
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Myoblast Cell Line ◽  
Myoblast Cell ◽  
Progenitor Cell Line

A new variant rat myogenic cell line, ts485, was isolated by subcloning the cell line ts3b2 (H. T. Nguyen, R. M. Medford, and B. Nadal-Ginard, Cell 34:281-293, 1983). Unlike the progenitor cell line, ts485 was thermosensitive for differentiation. Experiments with conditioned medium suggested that diffusible extracellular factors were not involved in dictating the differential phenotypes of ts485 cells cultured at the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. Temperature shift experiments performed on cultures of ts485 cells indicated that the temperature-sensitive lesion was in a factor active during the growth phase and required to trigger a cascade of events leading to terminal differentiation.

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