scholarly journals A Novel Ilarvirus Is Associated with Privet Necrotic Ringspot Disease in the Southern United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic ◽  
Ioannis E. Tzanetakis ◽  
Amanda Lawrence ◽  
Ronald C. Stephenson ◽  
Sead Sabanadzovic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ligustrum Japonicum ◽  
Systemic Infections

Necrotic ringspot disease (NRSD) is a graft-transmissible disorder of privet (synonym ligustrum), originally reported from Florida and Louisiana more than 50 years ago. In this communication we report an isometric virus isolated from Japanese privet (Ligustrum japonicum) collected in the southern United States displaying symptoms resembling those of NRSD. In mechanical transmission tests, the virus induced systemic infections in several herbaceous hosts. Double-stranded RNA analysis showed a pattern resembling replicative forms of members of the family Bromoviridae. The genome organization along with phylogenetic analyses and serological tests revealed that the virus belongs to subgroup 1 of the genus Ilarvirus. Pairwise comparisons with recognized ilarviruses indicated that the virus is a distinct, and as yet, undescribed member in the taxon, for which we propose the name Privet ringspot virus (PrRSV). Furthermore, the near-perfect association of PrRSV infections with symptoms, and apparent absence of any other virus(es) in studied samples, strongly suggest an important role of this virus in the etiology of NRSD of privet in the southeastern United States.

The Role of Leadership in Surviving a School Shooting

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleton H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
School Principal ◽  
School Shooting ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Rural Middle School

At a small rural middle school in the southern United States, two students murdered a teacher, four students, and injured 10 during a shooting spree. This case represents the lived experiences of a school principal, counselor, and community that survived the deadly rampage. The case highlights the challenges that school leaders may face such as making quick decisions, managing volunteers, and assisting faculty, staff, students, and parents in returning to a level of normalcy. Although the experience is based on a real event, all identifying information (i.e., location, names) has been masked with pseudonyms. The case encourages discussion and reflection among school leaders in responding to youth violence on school campuses.

scholarly journals Uniola paniculata (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Unioliinae), nuevo registro para la flora de la Península de Yucatán, México

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alexis Tovar-Montalvo ◽  
Monserrat Medina-Acevedo ◽  
Miguel Angel García-Bielma ◽  
Jesús Jaime Guerra-Santos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Uniola Paniculata ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sea Grass ◽  
The Caribbean

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: La avena de mar, Uniola paniculata, se distribuye en el Caribe, los Estados Unidos de América y México. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar su presencia y registro en el estado de Campeche, México. Métodos: Se colectaron ejemplares de la familia Poaceae creciendo en una duna frontal al suroeste del estado de Campeche, específicamente en la Isla del Carmen. Las colectas fueron procesadas y herborizadas, para su conservación e identificación.Resultado clave: Con la identificación de ejemplares, y después de hacer una revisión de su distribución, se registra por primera vez la presencia de Uniola paniculata (Poaceae) en la Península de Yucatán, representando una contribución al conocimiento florístico de la región y a la flora de México.Conclusiones: Esta especie solo había sido reportada para la costa del Golfo de México, en los estados de Tamaulipas, Veracruz y Tabasco. Este registro adquiere relevancia por el papel ecológico de este pasto en las dunas costeras.Palabras clave: avena de mar, conocimiento florístico, dunas costeras, flora de Campeche.Abstract: Background and Aims: The oat sea grass, Uniola paniculata, is distributed in the Caribbean, the United States of America and Mexico. The aim of this work is to report its occurrence and record in the state of Campeche, Mexico.Methods: Individuals of the family Poaceae were collected growing in a coastal dune in the southwest of the state of Campeche, particularly on the Isla del Carmen. The collections were processed and herborized for their conservation and classification.Key results: With the individuals’ identification and after reviewing its distribution, this is the first report of the presence of Uniola paniculata (Poaceae) on the Yucatan Peninsula, representing a contribution to the floristic knowledge of the region and the flora of Mexico.Conclusions: This species had only been reported from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Tabasco. This record is relevant because of the ecological role of this oat sea grass in the coastal dunes.Key words: Campeche flora, coast dunes, floristic knowledge, sea oat.

scholarly journals The Future Role of the Family Physician in the United States: A Rigorous Exercise in Definition

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Phillips ◽  
S. Brungardt ◽  
S. E. Lesko ◽  
N. Kittle ◽  
J. E. Marker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Physician ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future

Adaptive convergent evolution of genome proofreading in SARS-CoV2: insights into the Eigen’s paradox

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerthic Aswin ◽  
Srinivasan Ramachandran ◽  
Vivek T Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Comparative Genome Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Residues

AbstractEvolutionary history of coronaviruses holds the key to understand mutational behavior and prepare for possible future outbreaks. By performing comparative genome analysis of nidovirales that contain the family of coronaviruses, we traced the origin of proofreading, surprisingly to the eukaryotic antiviral component ZNFX1. This common recent ancestor contributes two zinc finger (ZnF) motifs that are unique to viral exonuclease, segregating them from DNA proof-readers. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that following acquisition, genomes of coronaviruses retained and further fine-tuned proofreading exonuclease, whereas related families harbor substitution of key residues in ZnF1 motif concomitant to a reduction in their genome sizes. Structural modelling followed by simulation suggests the role of ZnF in RNA binding. Key ZnF residues strongly coevolve with replicase, and the helicase involved in duplex RNA unwinding. Hence, fidelity of replication in coronaviruses is a result of convergent evolution, that enables maintenance of genome stability akin to cellular proofreading systems.

Informed Consent: Does It Take a Village? The Problem of Culture and Truth Telling

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK KUCZEWSKI ◽  
PATRICK J. McCRUDEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Political Tradition ◽  
The Family

Bioethicists have become very interested in the importance of social groups. This interest has spawned a growing literature on the role of the family and the place of culture in medical decisionmaking. These ethicists often argue that much of medical ethics suffers from the individualistic bias of the dominant culture and political tradition of the United States. As a result, the doctrine of informed consent has come under some scrutiny. It is believed that therein lies the source of the problem because the doctrine incorporates the assumptions of the larger society. Thus, informed consent has been reexamined, reinterpreted, and even abandoned as unworkable.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Bartonella genotypes in bats and associated Streblidae flies from Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Socorro Costa Oliveira Braga ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ◽  
Thiago Merighi Vieira da Silva ◽  
Francisco Borges Costa ◽  
José Gomes Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Bayesian Inferences ◽  
Bat Flies ◽  
Island State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

Abstract Bartonella is a genus of emerging zoonotic bacteria that are mainly associated with mammalian erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Bats are natural reservoirs for a variety of important pathogens that impact human and animal health. Recent reports have highlighted the role of bats and bat flies in the maintenance of Bartonella. Here, we showed that none of the 29 bat DNA blood samples obtained from five bat species in São Luís Island, state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, were positive for Bartonella in qPCR assays targeting nuoG. On the other hand, three out of 15 DNA samples (20%) from flies in the family Streblidae were positive for Bartonella. The BLASTn results showed that the gltA and rpoB sequences shared identities ranging from 97.2% to 100%, with Bartonella sequences amplified from bats or bat flies from Costa Rica and Brazil. These findings were supported by phylogenetic analyses based on Bayesian inferences. The present study showed that Bartonella genotypes are present in bat flies, thus shedding some light on the distribution of bat fly-related Bartonella genotypes in South America.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document