scholarly journals Genetic Characterization by RAPD Analysis of Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli Associated with an Emerging Epidemic in Peru

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1220-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Nelson ◽  
Karol S. Elias ◽  
E. Arévalo G. ◽  
Lee C. Darlington ◽  
Bryan A. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Rapd Pattern

An epidemic of vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli is currently occurring on Erythroxylum coca var. coca in the coca-growing regions of the Huallaga Valley in Peru. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of isolates of the pathogen was undertaken to elucidate its genetic complexity, as well as to identify a specific DNA fingerprint for the pathogen. Two hundred isolates of Fusarium were collected from 10 coca-growing regions in Peru. Of these, 187 were confirmed to be F. oxysporum, and 143 of the F. oxysporum were shown to be pathogens of coca by a root-dip pathogenicity test. The pathogens could be grouped into two subpopulations based on RAPD analysis, and no polymorphism in RAPD pattern was observed among isolates of either subpopulation. Both subpopulations were present in the central Huallaga Valley, where earliest reports of the epidemic occurred. RAPD analysis could easily distinguish the isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli from the nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum from E. coca var. coca, indicating its utility in DNA fingerprinting.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL, PATHOGENIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri ISOLATES FROM MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Mandhare ◽  
G.P. Deshmukh ◽  
J.V. Patil ◽  
A.A. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Major Factors

Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (FOC) is considered as one of the major factors of low productivity in chickpea. The present study was conducted to determine the morphological, pathogenic and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variability of twenty isolates of FOC collected from the Maharashtra State of India, along with four reference isolates corresponding to four known FOC races. Pathogenicity of each isolate was confirmed using the wilt susceptible chick-pea genotype JG-62. The mycelia of all the isolates were septate, hyaline and profusely branched. All the FOC isolates produced micro- and macro-conidia in pure culture within seven days after inoculation. Based on the abilities of the isolates to cause dis-ease on an international set of chickpea differentials and genetic variability estimated by the RAPD technique, these 24 isolates were grouped into two pathotypes, i.e. pathotype I and pathotype II.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale strains isolated from chickens in Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ozbey ◽  
Ertas HB ◽  
A. Muz
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Random Primer ◽  
Serotype A ◽  
Dna Assay ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Rapd Pattern ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale

Six field strains of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolated from chickens in Elazig province located in the East of Turkey were typed by serotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA assay using a random primer (OPG-11). Using the AGP test used for serotyping, serotype A was found to be the predominant serotype, only one strain was serotyped as serotype B. By RAPD assay, the tested ORT strains were found to have different RAPD profiles. In addition, the RAPD assay showed almost similar DNA profiles among the tested strains of the serotypes A, B, D and E. The strain of serotype C did give a different RAPD profile. Within strains of the same serotype (A), different profiles were found but the strain of serotype (B) had an identical profile as strains of serotype A. This study suggests that more genotypes of ORT strains are present within the same serotype and thus that no relationship exists between the RAPD pattern of ORT and their serotype.

scholarly journals A DNA-Based Procedure for In Planta Detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando M. Alves-Santos ◽  
Brisa Ramos ◽  
M. Asunción García-Sánchez ◽  
Arturo P. Eslava ◽  
José María Díaz-Mínguez
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Scar Marker ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Highly Virulent

We have characterized strains of Fusarium oxysporum from common bean fields in Spain that were nonpathogenic on common bean, as well as F. oxysporum strains (F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli) pathogenic to common bean by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. We identified a RAPD marker (RAPD 4.12) specific for the highly virulent pathogenic strains of the seven races of F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Sequence analysis of RAPD 4.12 allowed the design of oligonucleotides that amplify a 609-bp sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker (SCAR-B310A280). Under controlled environmental and greenhouse conditions, detection of the pathogen by polymerase chain reaction was 100% successful in root samples of infected but still symptomless plants and in stem samples of plants with disease severity of ≥4 in the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT; Cali, Colombia) scale. The diagnostic procedure can be completed in 5 h and allows the detection of all known races of the pathogen in plant samples at early stages of the disease with no visible symptoms.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization ofStreptococcus iniaein Diseased Farmed Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Erfanmanesh ◽  
M. Soltani ◽  
E. Pirali ◽  
S. Mohammadian ◽  
A. Taherimirghaed
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Streptococcus Iniae ◽  
The North ◽  
North Part ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Genetic characterization of strains ofStreptococcus iniaerecovered from morbidity and mortality of farmed rainbow trout in different provinces of Iran were studied. The Gram-positive cocci isolates were obtained from the kidney tissues of diseased rainbow trout on blood agar at25°Cfor 72 h. The grown bacteria were then characterized using biochemical and molecular works. The identified 26 isolates ofS. iniaeproducing a 513 bp in PCR procedure were then compared using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using 9 random primers. The phylogenetic tree of the RAPD product using UPMGA software included these strains in one genetic group but into two clusters. The results of this study show thatS. iniaestrains from the diseased rainbow trout in the north part of Iran are genetically similar to those strains in the south and west parts of the country.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Histoplasma capsulatum Strains Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Thailand by a PCR-Based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Method

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 3073-3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natteewan Poonwan ◽  
Tamae Imai ◽  
Nanthawan Mekha ◽  
Katsukiyo Yazawa ◽  
Yuzuru Mikami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Strain ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
American Strain ◽  
The Difference

Thirteen strains of Histoplasma capsulatum were isolated from clinical specimens, including those from AIDS patients, in Thailand. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with three different PCR primers showed that the DNA fingerprint patterns of the Thai isolates were very similar to each other and homogeneous, with only one exceptional strain, although the patterns were clearly different from those of a reference North American strain with all primers tested. Although the difference in the DNA fingerprinting patterns was minor, Thai isolates could be classified into two to four groups. A common PCR band (about 700 bp) in the patterns of allH. capsulatum strains was extracted, and its DNA sequence was determined. A new PCR primer set for the identification of H. capsulatum species was developed based on this sequence information. This primer set was 100% successful in the identification of the reference strain as well as all Thai isolates. The results of specificity tests of the primer set for the identification of the fungus are also discussed.

Characterisation of Australian isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense by DNA fingerprinting analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Gerlach ◽  
S. Bentley ◽  
N. Y. Moore ◽  
K. G. Pegg ◽  
E. A. B. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Fingerprinting Analysis ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2

Genetic variation among Australian isolates of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), which causes Fusarium wilt in banana, was examined using DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). Ninety-four isolates which represented Races 1, 2, 3, and 4, and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) 0120, 0124, 0125, 0128, 0129, 01211, 01213/16, and 01220 were analysed. The genetic relatedness among isolates within each VCG, and between the 8 different VCGs of Foc present in Australia was determined. The DNA fingerprint patterns were VCG-specific, with each VCG representing a unique genotype. The genetic similarity among isolates within each VCG ranged from 97% to 100%. Among the different VCGs of Foc, 3 major clusters were distinguished which corresponded with race. All Race 1 and 2 isolates (VCGs 0124, 0125, 0128, and 01220) were closely related and clustered together, the Race 3 isolates from Heliconia clustered separately, and all Race 4 isolates (VCGs 0120, 0129, 01211, and 01213/16) clustered together. Fifteen isolates from Alstonville, NSW, were characterised because although they were classified as Race 2 based on their recovery from cooking banana cultivars, they belonged in VCG 0124, which had previously contained only Race 1 isolates. The occurrence of more than one race within a VCG means that vegetative compatibility grouping cannot be used to assign pathotype to pathogenic race as previously thought. It was possible to distinguish the Race 1 and Race 2 isolates within VCG 0124 using DNA fingerprinting, as each race produced a unique DNA fingerprint pattern. Among the Australian isolates, DNA fingerprinting analysis identified 9 different VCGs and genotypes of Foc.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Vascular Wilt of Lamb's Lettuce (Valerianella olitoria) in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Garibaldi ◽  
G. Gilardi ◽  
M. L. Gullino
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
First Report ◽  
Forma Specialis ◽  
Vascular Discoloration

Lamb's lettuce (Valerianella olitoria), also known as corn salad, is increasingly grown in Italy and used primarily in the preparation of mixed processed salad. In the summer of 2003, plants of lamb's lettuce cvs. Trophy and Palmares exhibiting wilt symptoms were observed in several commercial greenhouses near Bergamo in northern Italy. Wilted 30-day-old plants were observed first during the month of June, at the time of thinning when temperatures ranged between 28 and 35°C. Disease was generally uniform in the greenhouses and 30 to 50% of the plants were affected. Vascular tissue of affected seedlings appeared red or brown but later turned brown or black. Affected plants were stunted and developed yellowed leaves. Vascular discoloration was continuous from the upper taproot through the crown to the leaf. Fusarium oxysporum was consistently isolated from symptomatic vascular tissue onto a Fusarium-selective medium (1). Seeds of the same cultivars (Trophy and Palmares) affected by the wilt in the field were artificially inoculated by dipping them for 15 min into spore suspensions (1 × 106 conidia per ml) of three isolates of F. oxysporum obtained from infected plants. Noninoculated seeds served as control treatments. Forty seeds per treatment were sown in pots (1-liter volume) containing steam-sterilized soil and maintained at 25°C in a growth chamber programmed for 12 hours of light per day. Wilt symptoms developed on both cultivars 20 days after seeding, and F. oxysporum was consistently reisolated from infected plants. The plants obtained from noninoculated seeds remained healthy. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice with similar results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing vascular wilt of lamb's lettuce and may warrant a new forma specialis designation. Reference: (1) H. Komada. Rev. Plant Prot. Res. 8:114, 1975.

scholarly journals Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Is More Efficient than Ribotyping and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis in Discrimination of Pasteurella haemolytica Strains

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeli Kodjo ◽  
Laurence Villard ◽  
Chantal Bizet ◽  
Jean-Louis Martel ◽  
Richard Sanchis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pasteurella Haemolytica ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Rapd Pattern ◽  
Almost All

One hundred thirty-three strains of Pasteurella haemolytica of both biotypes (90 and 43 strains of biotypes A and T, respectively) and almost all the serotypes were subjected to ribotyping, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis for epidemiological purposes. A total of 15 patterns recorded as ribotypes HA to HO were found for the P. haemolytica biotype A strains, with ribotypes HA, HC, and HD being encountered most often (66 strains [74%]); and 20 ribotypes, designated HA′ to HT′, that were clearly distinct from those observed for biotype A strains were observed for strains of biotype T. RAPD analysis generated a total of 44 (designated Rp1 to Rp44) and 15 (designated Rp1′ to Rp 15′) unique RAPD patterns for biogroup A and biogroup T, respectively. Analysis of the data indicated that a given combined ribotype-RAPD pattern could be observed for biotype A strains of different serotypes, whatever the zoological or geographic origin, whereas this was not the case for biotype T strains. PFGE appeared to be more efficient in strain discrimination since selected strains from various zoological or geographical origins harboring the same ribotype-RAPD group were further separated into unique entities.

Potential for Dispersal of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli by Infested Seed

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Gracia-Garza ◽  
D. R. Fravel ◽  
A. J. Nelson ◽  
K. S. Elias ◽  
B. A. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Fruit Part

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli causes a vascular wilt of the narcotic plant coca (Erythroxylum coca var. coca). To determine whether this pathogen can be transmitted by infested seed, fruit from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants was collected from different coca-growing areas in Peru and from an experimental field site in Hawaii. A total of 202 fruit from Peru and 69 fruit from Hawaii were surface-disinfested and separated into five parts: pedicel, pericarp, seed coat, endosperm, and cotyledons. After the pedicel and pericarp were removed from the seed coat, the seed was surface disinfested again. Each fruit part was plated separately. Both F. oxysporum and F. moniliforme were recovered from fruit collected in Peru. Both species were isolated from all parts of some fruit. F. oxysporum was isolated from 33% of the fruit plated and most (35%) of these isolates were obtained from the seed coat. Slightly greater numbers of isolates (57%) were recovered from asymptomatic plants than from symptomatic plants (43%). Only F. oxysporum was isolated from fruit collected in Hawaii. Most of these isolates (59%) were from the pedicels of fruit collected from symptomatic plants. Out of 91 isolates of F. oxysporum, 21 were pathogenic to coca seedlings in a bioassay. Six of these pathogenic isolates were originally from the pedicel of the fruit, eight from the pericarp, four from the seed coat, and three from the endosperm. No isolates from the cotyledons were pathogenic. Most of the pathogenic isolates (76%) were from symptomatic plants. The pathogenic isolates were characterized using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and vegetative compatibility groups. Based on these analyses, two different subpopulations of the forma specialis erythroxyli were found in Peru, whereas only one was present in Hawaii. These data indicate that infested seed may contribute significantly to dissemination of this pathogen because seed is collected by growers and planted fresh or fermented briefly before planting.

scholarly journals Identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici Isolated from Soil, Basil Seed, and Plants by RAPD Analysis

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Chiocchetti ◽  
Stefano Ghignone ◽  
Andrea Minuto ◽  
M. Lodovica Gullino ◽  
Angelo Garibaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Pathogenicity Assay

Fifty-two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, obtained from infected basil plants, seed, flower residues, and soil from different growing areas in Italy and Israel, were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), coupled to a DNA extraction protocol from colonies grown on Fusarium-selective medium. In a pathogenicity assay, 35 isolates caused 32 to 92% disease on seedlings of the highly susceptible basil cultivar Fine verde, while 17 isolates were nonpathogenic on basil. Thirty of the F. oxysporum f. sp. basilici isolates obtained from soil or wilted plants gave identical amplification patterns using 31 different random primers. All tested primers allowed clear differentiation of F. oxysporum f. sp. basilici from representatives of other formae speciales and from nonpathogenic strains of F. oxysporum. RAPD profiles obtained from DNA of isolates extracted directly from cultures grown on Fusarium selective medium were identical to those obtained from DNA extracted from lyophilized mycelia.

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