scholarly journals Effects of Herbicides on Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines and Development of Sudden Death Syndrome in Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanogo ◽  
X. B. Yang ◽  
H. Scherm
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Cultivar Selection

Sudden death syndrome of soybean, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, is a disease of increasing economic importance in the United States. Although the ecology of sudden death syndrome has been extensively studied in relation to crop management practices such as tillage, irrigation, and cultivar selection, there is no information on the effects of herbicides on this disease. Three herbicides (lactofen, glyphosate, and imazethapyr) commonly used in soybean were evaluated for their effects on the phenology of F. solani f. sp. glycines and the development of sudden death syndrome in four soybean cultivars varying in resistance to the disease and in tolerance to glyphosate. Conidial germination, mycelial growth, and sporulation in vitro were reduced by glyphosate and lactofen. In growth-chamber and greenhouse experiments, there was a significant increase in disease severity and frequency of isolation of F. solani f. sp. glycines from roots of all cultivars after application of imazethapyr or glyphosate compared with the control treatment (no herbicide applied). Conversely, disease severity and isolation frequency of F. solani f. sp. glycines decreased after application of lactofen. Across all herbicide treatments, severity of sudden death syndrome and isolation frequency were lower in disease-resistant than in susceptible cultivars. Results suggest that glyphosate-tolerant and -nontolerant cultivars respond similarly to infection by F. solani f. sp. glycines after herbicide application.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines Causing Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean in Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Anderson ◽  
A. U. Tenuta
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Soybean Plants

Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines, is a disease of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in several central and southern states of the United States. In Ontario, Canada, individual soybean plants with typical foliar symptoms of SDS (1) have been observed annually in Kent County since 1993 but the causal organism was not isolated or identified. In 1996, plants with symptoms of SDS were observed in six fields located in Essex, Kent, and Lambton counties. Interveinal chlorosis and necrosis occurred on top leaves of affected plants and a pale brown discoloration occurred in the vascular system in lower stems and upper tap roots. Slow-growing isolates of F. solani f. sp. glycines with typical blue sporodochia were isolated from symptomatic plants on acidified potato dextrose agar (1). Root inoculation of 15 2-week-old seedlings with colonized oat kernals with each of five single-spore isolates caused typical SDS symptoms on 5-week-old soybean plants of cvs. Conrad, A2540, S19-90, and Ripley in the greenhouse. The severity and incidence of symptoms varied with cultivar and isolate. Of 125 plants inoculated, 6% of Conrad, 10% of A2540, 14% of S19-90, and 17% of Ripley plants developed foliar symptoms. Symptoms did not develop on noninoculated controls. F. solani f. sp. glycines was reisolated from roots of symptomatic plants. Although Ripley is known to have resistance to SDS (2), foliar and root symptoms developed following inoculation with each Ontario isolate of F. solani f. sp. glycines. Yield losses in 1996 were difficult to assess because of the scattered distribution of diseased plants in most fields. Diseased plants had few and poorly filled pods. In two fields, soybean growth was severely restricted in large areas covering 2 ha each; however, soybean cyst nematode (SCN) was present in both fields. SCN was present at all locations. Although total yield losses are currently low, it is evident that F. solani f. sp. glycines causing SDS has become widely distributed in southwest Ontario and disease severity is increasing. References: (1) K. W. Roy et al. Phytopathology 79:191, 1989. (2) P. A. Stevens et al. Crop Sci. 33:929, 1993.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Glycine max Germ Plasm for Resistance to Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Mueller ◽  
G. L. Hartman ◽  
R. L. Nelson ◽  
W. L. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Sudden death syndrome, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, has caused increased losses in soybean production in recent years. This study was done to identify potential sources of resistance to sudden death syndrome. Using a greenhouse screening procedure, 6,037 soybean plant introductions (PIs) were compared with a susceptible check, Great Lakes 3302, and two moderately resistant checks, PI 520.733 and PI 567.374, for resistance to sudden death syndrome. Only 57 PIs had foliar disease ratings that were not significantly different from PI 567.374 (P ≤ 0.05) 3 weeks after inoculation. Six PIs had lower ratings than PI 567.374 at 4 weeks after inoculation, while none had lower area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values. When comparing the PIs to PI 520.733, 209 PIs had foliar disease ratings not significantly different from PI 520.733 (P ≤ 0.05) 3 weeks after inoculation. Eight PIs had significantly lower disease severity ratings 4 weeks after inoculation, and 38 PIs had significantly lower AUDPC values than PI 520.733. Additionally, root lesion lengths were measured 4 weeks after inoculation and ranged from 25.2 to 41.5 mm for all the PIs; none of the entries had smaller lesion lengths than the susceptible check Great Lakes 3302. The correlation between lesion length and disease foliar severity rating was not significant. There also were no plant morphological characteristics (i.e., flower color or seed coat color) associated with higher sudden death syndrome foliar symptoms. Eighteen PIs previously identified as moderately resistant with differing agronomic traits were inoculated with five different isolates of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Results indicated that resistance in these 18 PIs was effective against all five isolates of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Isolate Mont-1 caused the greatest disease severity ratings. These PIs that exhibited low foliar severity ratings may provide new sources of resistance for the development of new sudden death syndrome-resistant lines and cultivars.

scholarly journals First Report of Sudden Death Syndrome (Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines) of Soybean in Minnesota

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Kurle ◽  
S. L. Gould ◽  
S. M. Lewandowski ◽  
S. Li ◽  
X. B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
South Central ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Soybean Plants

In August 2002, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants exhibiting foliar and root symptoms typical of sudden death syndrome were observed in Blue Earth and Steele counties in south-central Minnesota. Leaf symptoms ranging from small chlorotic spots to prominent interveinal necrosis were present on soybean plants at the R6 to R7 growth stage. As plants matured, complete defoliation took place with only petioles remaining. Symptomatic plants had necrotic secondary roots, truncated taproots, and discolored cortical tissue at the soil line. Blue sporodochia containing macroconidia were observed on the taproot of affected plants at both locations (3,4). Multiple cultures from both locations were obtained by transferring macroconidia from the sporodochia to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and modified Nash-Snyder Medium (NSM) (3). After 14 days, isolations were made from fungal colonies exhibiting bluish pigmentation and masses of bluish macroconidia (4). The isolates grew slowly, developed a bluish color, and formed sporodochia containing abundant macroconidia on NSM. These isolates were identified as Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines based on colony characteristics and morphology of macroconidia (2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted with a single isolate from each location. The isolate from Blue Earth County was inoculated as mycelia in a plug of media onto taproots of plants of susceptible cvs. Williams 82 and Spencer at the V2 growth stage. Chlorotic spots appeared on leaves after 12 days of growth at 22 to 25°C in the greenhouse. Interveinal necrosis appeared after 15 days (4). The isolate from Steele County was used to inoculate the susceptible cv. Great Lakes 3202. Sorghum seed (3 cm3) infested with mycelia of the isolate were placed 2 to 3 cm below soybean seed planted in Cone-Tainers. Noninfested sorghum seed was used as a control. Plants were maintained for 21 days at 22 to 28°C in the greenhouse. Chlorotic spots appeared on leaves of inoculated plants within 21 days after planting followed by the development of interveinal chlorosis and necrosis (1). Molecular analysis further supported the identification of the Steele County isolate as F. solani f. sp. glycines. Polymerase chain reaction with specific primers Fsg1 and Fsg2 of total genomic DNA extracted from the Steele County isolate amplified a 438-bp DNA fragment identical with that extracted from previously identified isolates of F. solani f. sp. glycines (1). In 2002, symptoms of sudden death syndrome were also reported in Olmsted, Freeborn, and Mower counties. Although studies are needed to determine the distribution of sudden death syndrome in the state, the occurrence of the symptoms at multiple locations suggests that F. solani f. sp. glycines is widely distributed in southeast and south-central Minnesota. The counties where sudden death syndrome symptoms were reported are located in the most productive soybean-growing region of Minnesota. Sudden death syndrome could be a serious threat to soybean production in this area since poorly drained, heavy, clay soils are common, and soil temperatures 18°C or less are normal before the end of May. References: (1) S. Li et al. Phytopathology 90:491, 2000. (2) K. W. Roy. Plant Dis. 81:566, 1997. (3) K. W. Roy et al. Plant Dis. 81:1100, 1997. (4) K. W. Roy. Plant Dis. 81:259, 1997.

Resistance to Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome and Root Colonization by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycine in Near‐Isogenic Lines

Crop Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Njiti ◽  
T. W. Doubler ◽  
R. J. Suttner ◽  
L. E. Gray ◽  
P. T. Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines

Fusarium Solani from Ascospores of Nectria Haematococca Causes Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean

Mycologia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Abney ◽  
T. L. Richards ◽  
K. W. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Nectria Haematococca

scholarly journals Relationship Between Sudden Death Syndrome caused by Fusarium virguliforme and Soybean Yield: A Meta-Analysis

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1736-1743
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
Febina M. Mathew ◽  
Albert U. Tenuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Moderator Variables

In total, 52 uniform field experiments were conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, South Dakota, and Wisconsin in the United States and Ontario, Canada from 2013 to 2017 comparing crop protection products against sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean. Data were analyzed using meta-analytic models to summarize the relationship between foliar disease index (FDX) and yield. For each study, correlation and regression analyses were performed separately to determine three effect sizes: Fisher’s transformation of correlation coefficients (Z r ), intercept (β0), and slope (β1). Random- and mixed-effect meta-analyses were used to summarize the effect sizes. Study- and location-specific moderator variables FDX (low < 10% and high ≥ 10%), date of planting (early = prior to 7 May, conventional = 7 to 21 May, and late = after 21 May) cultivar (susceptible and partially resistant to SDS), study location, and growing season were used as fixed effects. The overall mean effect sizes of transformed correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] r was −0.41 and different from zero (P < 0.001), indicating that yield was negatively correlated with FDX. The [Formula: see text] r was affected by disease level (P < 0.01) and cultivar (P = 0.02), with a greater effect at higher disease levels and with susceptible cultivars. The mean [Formula: see text] 0 was 4,121 kg/ha and mean [Formula: see text] 1 was −21 kg/ha/% FDX and were different from zero (P < 0.01). Results from these data indicate that, for every unit of FDX increase, yield was decreased by 0.5%. Study locations and year affected the [Formula: see text] 0 , whereas none of the moderator variables significantly affected [Formula: see text] 1.

scholarly journals Field Response of Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean to Herbicides and Sudden Death Syndrome

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanogo ◽  
X. B. Yang ◽  
P. Lundeen
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Field Response ◽  
Soybean Plants

Three-year field experiments were conducted to assess the development of sudden death syndrome (caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines) in three soybean cultivars, tolerant (P9344 and A3071) and nontolerant (BSR101), to glyphosate following foliar application of four herbicides (acifluorfen, glyphosate, imazethapyr, and lactofen) commonly applied to soybeans in the north-central region of the United States. Cultivar A3071 is resistant to sudden death syndrome, whereas cultivars P9344 and BSR101 are susceptible to this disease. There was no statistically significant cultivar-herbicide interaction with respect to the severity of foliar symptoms of the disease and the frequency of isolation of F. solani f. sp. glycines from roots of soybean plants. Across all herbicide treatments, the level of sudden death syndrome was lower in the disease-resistant cultivar than in the susceptible ones. There was an increase in the disease levels under application of acifluorfen, glyphosate, and imazethapyr compared with nontreated or lactofen-treated plants. The results obtained indicate that the response of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans to sudden death syndrome is not different from the response of conventional soybeans to this disease following application of the selected herbicides, and the resistance of soybean to sudden death syndrome was not changed with application of glyphosate.

Differentiation of the sudden death syndrome pathogen of soybean, Fusarium solani f.sp. glycines, from other isolates of F. solani based on cultural morphology, pathogenicity, and mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Rupe ◽  
J C Correll ◽  
J C Guerber ◽  
C M Becton ◽  
E E Gbur, Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Mtdna Rflp ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Forty-four isolates consisting of Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f.sp. glycines Roy, Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli (Burkholder) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans., and F. solani, collected from a variety of hosts and locations, were compared based on pathogenicity on soybean and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The 24 isolates of F. solani f.sp. glycines caused more severe sudden death syndrome (SDS) foliar symptoms and root rot on soybean compared with all other isolates. All isolates of F. solani f.sp. glycines belonged to a single mtDNA RFLP haplotype. The other isolates of F. solani belonged to nine mtDNA RFLP haplotypes distinct from that of the SDS pathogen and did not cause significant levels of SDS. Three isolates of F. solani f.sp. phaseoli in a single mtDNA RFLP haplotype were very similar to isolates of F. solani f.sp. glycines in culture. One of these isolates consistently produced SDS-like symptoms in pathogenicity tests, although at a low frequency. Fusarium solani f.sp. glycines represent a genetically distinct subgroup within F. solani but may be related to F. solani f.sp. phaseoli.Key words: Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli, Glycine max, sudden death syndrome (SDS), mtDNA.

scholarly journals Characterization and Pathogenicity of Stem Blight Complex Isolates Associated with Stem Blight Disease on Vaccinium Species

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1199-1203
Author(s):  
Ebrahiem M. Babiker ◽  
Stephen J. Stringer ◽  
Hamidou F. Sakhanokho ◽  
Barbara J. Smith ◽  
James J. Polashock
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sequencing Strategy ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
High Level

Species of Botryosphaeria and Neofusicoccum are major pathogens of blueberry worldwide. Accurate identification of these species is essential for developing effective management practices. A multigene sequencing strategy was used to distinguish between six isolates of stem blight pathogens collected from two different regions of the United States. The temperature growth study revealed that the optimal temperature for growth of five of the tested isolates ranged from 25 to 30 °C, although no significant difference was detected for the growth of Neofusicoccum spp. isolate SD16-86 at 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C. In vitro fungicide assays showed four fungicides, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, propiconazole, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, and azoxystrobin, were effective against the tested isolates with isolate SD16-86 being less sensitive compared with the other isolates. In a detached stem assay, none of 39 blueberry accessions displayed immunity or a high level of resistance to the two tested isolates, and no significant difference in lesion length was detected among the seven tested Vaccinium species inoculated with the two isolates.

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