scholarly journals Monomethyl Branched Chain Fatty Acids link Mitochondrial Amino Acid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Lipogenesis to Fatty Acid Diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
martina wallace ◽  
Courtney Green ◽  
Lindsay Roberts ◽  
Michelle Lee ◽  
Pedro Cabrales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effect of Rearing System on the Straight and Branched Fatty Acids of Goat Milk and Meat of Suckling Kids

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Guillermo Ripoll ◽  
María Jesús Alcalde ◽  
Anastasio Argüello ◽  
María de Guía Córdoba ◽  
Begoña Panea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Goat meat is considered healthy because it has fewer calories and fat than meat from other traditional meat species. It is also rich in branched chain fatty acids that have health advantages when consumed. We studied the effects of maternal milk and milk replacers fed to suckling kids of four breeds on the straight and branched fatty acid compositions of their muscle. In addition, the proximal and fatty acid compositions of colostrum and milk were studied. Goat colostrum had more protein and fat and less lactose than milk. Goat milk is an important source of healthy fatty acids such as C18:1 c9 and C18:2 n–6. Suckling kid meat was also an important source of C18:1c9. Dairy goat breeds had higher percentages of trans monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and most of the C18:1 isomers but lower amounts of total MUFAs than meat breeds. However, these dairy kids had meat with a lower percentage of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than meat kids. The meat of kids fed natural milk had higher amounts of CLA and branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and lower amounts of n–6 fatty acids than kids fed milk replacers. Both milk and meat are a source of linoleic, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids and healthy long-chain fatty acids.

Biosynthesis of Branched-chain Fatty Acid inBacilli: FabD (malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase) Is Not Essential forIn VitroBiosynthesis of Branched-chain Fatty Acids

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2106-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirosuke OKU ◽  
Naoya FUTAMORI ◽  
Kenichi MASUDA ◽  
Yumiko SHIMABUKURO ◽  
Tomoyo OMINE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Concentration of three branched-chain fatty acids in adipose tissue does not affect meat sensory traits in crossbred and purebred German "Merinolandschaf" lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Schiller ◽  
S. Preuss ◽  
S. Kaffarnik ◽  
W. Vetter ◽  
M. Rodehutscord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract. Intense sheep odour and flavour in lamb is often associated with lower consumer acceptance. Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are suggested as possible reasons. Therefore, muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples of 98 lamb chops were analysed for three BCFAs (4-methyloctanoic, 4-ethyloctanoic and 4-methylnonanoic fatty acid). Samples were derived from a previous study, in which lambs were raised and fattened under intensive conditions and tested for sensory quality. BCFA contents of fat extracts from muscle tissue were very low and quantification was not possible. In subcutaneous adipose tissue different concentrations of BCFA and differences between crosses were detected. The sex of lambs had a significant influence. The BCFA correlations were significant, while correlations between BCFA of adipose tissue and sensory traits were not significant. Therefore, it seems likely that BCFA concentrations were too low and/or other substances are involved in causing the lamb flavour detected through sensory analysis.

scholarly journals Adipose tissue monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids and insulin sensitivity: Effects of obesity and weight loss

Obesity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Su ◽  
Faidon Magkos ◽  
Dequan Zhou ◽  
J. Christopher Eagon ◽  
Elisa Fabbrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Natural variation inC. elegansarsenic toxicity is explained by differences in branched chain amino acid metabolism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Zdraljevic ◽  
Bennett W. Fox ◽  
Christine Strand ◽  
Oishika Panda ◽  
Francisco J. Tenjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Synonymous Variant ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Lipoyl Domain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractWe find that variation in thedbt-1gene underlies natural differences inCaenorhabditis elegansresponses to the toxin arsenic. This gene encodes the E2 subunit of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, a core component of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. We causally linked a non-synonymous variant in the conserved lipoyl domain of DBT-1 to differential arsenic responses. Using targeted metabolomics and chemical supplementation, we demonstrate that differences in responses to arsenic are caused by variation in iso-branched chain fatty acids. Additionally, we show that levels of branched chain fatty acids in human cells are perturbed by arsenic treatment. This finding has broad implications for arsenic toxicity and for arsenic-focused chemotherapeutics across human populations. Our study implicates the BCKDH complex and BCAA metabolism in arsenic responses, demonstrating the power ofC. elegansnatural genetic diversity to identify novel mechanisms by which environmental toxins affect organismal physiology.

Biosynthesis of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids by Preparations from Bovine Adipose Tissue

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
KLAUS W. J. WAHLE ◽  
SANDRA M. PATERSON ◽  
G. ALAN GARTON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Relationship of primer specificity of fatty acid de novo synthetase to fatty acid composition in 10 species of bacteria and yeasts

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshi Kaneda ◽  
E. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Fatty acid compositions of lipids from six bacteria and four yeasts were determined. Fatty acid de novo synthetases were investigated with respect to chain length specificity towards acyl-CoA primers of various chain lengths.Four species of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium cyclohexanicum, Micrococcus luteus, and Pseudomonas maltophilia) possess branched-chain fatty acids of the iso and anteiso series as the major acids. De novo synthetases from these organisms exhibited specificity towards the chain length of the primer in the order butyrl-CoA > propionyl-CoA [Formula: see text] acetyl-CoA. The remainder, two bacteria and all four yeasts, have the straight-chain type of fatty acids only and fall into two groups: (1) Eschericia coli B, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which utilize the primers in the order acetyl-CoA > propionyl-CoA [Formula: see text] butyryl-CoA; and (2) Candida sake, Candida tropicalis, and Rhodolorula glutinis, which show the order propionyl-CoA > acetyl-CoA [Formula: see text] butyryl-CoA.L-α-Keto-β-methylvalerate, a precursor of the branched-chain primers, can be used as a source of primer for fatty acid synthesis by the organisms with branched-chain acids but not by those with the straight-chain type.The results indicate that organisms having straight-chain fatty acids lack the branched-chain equivalents for two reasons: first, their enzymes are not active toward primers with more than three carbons, and second, they lack a system of supplying suitable branched-chain primers.It appears that activities of de novo synthetases from the organisms having straight-chain fatty acids generally have much higher activities than those from the organisms possessing branched-chain fatty acids.

scholarly journals Variation of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids Marks the Normal Physiological Range for Growth in Listeria monocytogenes

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2809-2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Nichols ◽  
Kirsty A. Presser ◽  
June Olley ◽  
Tom Ross ◽  
Tom A. McMeekin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Physiological Range ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The fatty acid composition of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A was determined by close-interval sampling over the entire biokinetic temperature range. There was a high degree of variation in the percentage of branched-chain fatty acids at any given temperature. The percentage of branched C17 components increased with growth temperature in a linear manner. However, the percentages of iso-C15:0 (i15:0) and anteiso-C15:0 (a15:0) were well described by third-order and second-order polynomial curves, respectively. There were specific temperature regions where the proportion of branched-chain fatty acids deviated significantly from the trend established over the entire growth range. In the region from 12 to 13°C there were significant deviations in the percentages of both i15:0 and a15:0 together with a suggested deviation in a17:0, resulting in a significant change in the total branched-chain fatty acids. In the 31 to 33°C region the percentage of total branched-chain components exhibited a significant deviation. The observed perturbations in fatty acid composition occurred near the estimated boundaries of the normal physiological range for growth.

scholarly journals Stool pH and Short/Branched Chain Fatty Acids in Infants Receiving Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula, Amino Acid Formula, or Human Milk Through Two Months of Age (P11-076-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Car Reen Kok ◽  
Bradford Brabec ◽  
Maciej Chichlowski ◽  
Cheryl Harris ◽  
Nancy Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Objectives Infant feeding influences early development of the gut microbiome, colonization pattern, and community structure. Metabolites, including short- and branched-chain fatty acids (S/BCFA) (e.g., butyrate, propionate), produced by colonic bacteria serve as signaling molecules, influence immunity, and reduce luminal pH in the gastrointestinal environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate stool S/BCFA and pH in infants fed with different sources of dietary protein. Methods In this multicenter, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group, pilot study, healthy term infants were randomized to receive one of two infant formulas (IF): amino-acid based (AAF; n = 25) or extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk protein (EHF; n = 28) from Baseline (1-7 days of age) up to 60 days of age. A human milk reference group (HM; n = 25) received mother's own milk over the same period. Diethyl ether extractions of S/BCFA from stool samples (Baseline, Day 30, and Day 60) were quantified by gas chromatography (Clarus 580; PerkinElmer) using a fused silica capillary column (Nukol 30m × 0.25mm id × 0.25μm film). Mean stool S/BCFA (μmol/g) and pH were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Complete stool data (all study time points) were available for 49 participants. Stool pH (∼6) was similar among groups at Baseline with no significant changes for HM and EHF groups through Day 60. The AAF group was significantly higher at Days 30 and 60 (Figure 1). Total SCFA were similar for all groups through Day 60. Butyrate increased significantly from Baseline to Day 60 in the EHF group (P = 0.026) and was significantly higher vs HM at Days 30 and 60 (P = 0.0009 and 0.0004 respectively). Butyrate was significantly higher for AAF vs HM at Day 60 only (P = 0.038). Propionate was significantly higher for EHF and AAF at Day 30 (P = 0.0009 and < 0.0001 respectively) and AAF only at Day 60 (P = 0.005) vs HM. Total and individual BCFA increased for AAF and EHF groups vs HM through Day 60. Conclusions Distinct patterns of pH and microbial metabolites were demonstrated for infants receiving mother's own milk compared to amino acid-based or extensively hydrolyzed protein formula. Providing different sources of dietary protein early in life may influence gut microbiota and metabolites. Funding Sources Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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