scholarly journals Why Qualified Health Claims Do Not Work: A Content Analysis of Language Characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Berhaupt‐Glickstein ◽  
William Hallman
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Language Characteristics ◽  
Qualified Health Claims

scholarly journals A content analysis of food advertisements appearing in parenting magazines

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2188-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Manganello ◽  
Katherine Clegg Smith ◽  
Katie Sudakow ◽  
Amber C Summers
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Specific Health

AbstractObjectiveChildhood obesity is a growing problem in the USA. As parents play a major role in shaping a child's diet, the present study examines food advertisements (ads) directed towards parents in parenting and family magazines.DesignGiven the potential for magazines to influence attitudes and knowledge, we used content analysis to examine the food ads appearing in four issues each of six different parenting and family magazines from 2008 (n 24).SettingUSA.SubjectsFood ads in parenting and family magazines.ResultsWe identified 476 food ads, which represented approximately 32 % of all ads in the magazine sample. Snack foods (13 %) were the most frequently observed food ads, followed by dairy products (7 %). The most frequently used sales theme was ‘taste’ (55 %). Some ads promoted foods as ‘healthy’ (14 %) and some made specific health claims (18 %), such as asserting the product would help lower cholesterol. In addition to taste and health and nutrition appeals, we found several themes used in ad messages to promote products, including the following: ‘convenience’, ‘economical’, ‘fun’ and ‘helping families spend time together’. We also found that over half (n 405, 55·9 %) of products (n 725) advertised were products of poor nutritional quality based on total fat, saturated fat, sodium, protein, sugar and fibre contents, and that ads for such products were slightly more likely to use certain sales themes like ‘fun’ (P = 0·04) and ‘no guilt’ (P = 0·03).ConclusionsInterventions should be developed to help parents understand nutritional information seen in food ads and to learn how various foods contribute to providing a balanced family diet.

The Informational Content of Cigarette Advertising: 1926–1986

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Jones Ringold ◽  
John E. Calfee
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Informational Content ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Cigarette Advertising ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Smoking And Health

A content analysis of 568 cigarette ads during 1926–86 found that most explicit claims (i.e., statements) are about health, construction, and taste. Consistent with theoretical predictions, and contrary to popular belief, health claims emphasized the negative health aspects of smoking, except when prevented by regulation. Moreover, emphasis in health claims corresponded to the dominant smoking-and-health fears of the time. Health-related claims came in two major waves, first in the late 1920s through the early 1950s, reaching a peak during the cancer scare of the early 1950s, and then again after 1966, when the FTC first allowed tar and nicotine claims, and later required tar and nicotine information and health warnings.

scholarly journals Unsubstantiated health claims for COVID-19 infections are led by cannabidiol: return of snake oil medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Tran ◽  
Natasha Y. Sheikhan ◽  
Tania Sheikhan ◽  
Dominik A. Nowak ◽  
Theodore J. Witek
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Drug Evaluation ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Drug Approval ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Related Substances

Abstract Background The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) monitors, inspects, and enforces the promotion of products by companies that claim to mitigate, prevent, treat, diagnose, or cure COVID-19. The introduction of COVID-19-related diagnostics and therapeutics during the pandemic has highlighted the significance of rigorous clinical trials to ensure safety and efficacy of such interventions. The objective of this report is to provide a descriptive review of promotional violations of health products for COVID-19 infection. Methods Warning letters issued by the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research were retrieved over an 18 month period (March 6, 2020, to August 30, 2021) to identify promotional violations. FDA violation letters categorized as “Unapproved and Misbranded Products Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)” were reviewed. A content analysis was performed for each letter to identify categories for product type, promotional venue, violation type, and country of origin. For cannabidiol-related violations, a content analysis was repeated within its own product category. Results A total of 130 letters were reported. Across all letters, cannabidiol products were the most frequent subject of violation (15/130; 11.5%). Of the cannabidiol letters, all reported the promotion of unapproved products (15/15; 100%), misbranding (15/15; 100%), and/or had claims that lacked scientific substantiation (14/15; 93.3%). All promotional violations were linked to websites (15/15; 100%), along with other mainstream venues: Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, LinkedIn, and email. Lastly, the cannabidiol products were described to provide therapeutic benefit to COVID-19, by acting as an anti-viral (5; 33.3%), pro-inflammatory (1; 6.7%), anti-inflammatory (7; 46.7%), immune-booster (5; 40%), immune-suppressor (2; 13.3%), and/or other (2; 13.3%). Conclusion Despite the urgent need for COVID-19 treatments, promotional material by companies must comply with standard regulatory requirements, namely substantiation of claims. As the pandemic persists, the FDA must continue their efforts to monitor, inspect, and enforce violative companies. Cannabidiol-related substances led the spectrum of products with unsubstantiated claims to treat COVID-19 infection. Improving awareness among the public, healthcare providers, and stakeholders highlights the value of drug approval process, while protecting public safety.

scholarly journals Content analysis of e-cigarette products, promotions, prices and claims on Internet tobacco vendor websites, 2013–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (e1) ◽  
pp. e34-e40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S Williams ◽  
Jason Derrick ◽  
Aliza K Liebman ◽  
Kevin LaFleur
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Search Algorithms ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Multiple Sources

ObjectiveTo identify the population of Internet e-cigarette vendors (IEVs) and conduct content analysis of products sold and IEVs’ promotional, claims and pricing practices.MethodsMultiple sources were used to identify IEV websites, primarily complex search algorithms scanning over 180 million websites. In 2013, 32 446 websites were manually screened, identifying 980 IEVs, with the 281 most popular selected for content analysis. This methodology yielded 31 239 websites for manual screening in 2014, identifying 3096 IEVs, with 283 selected for content analysis.ResultsWhile the majority of IEVs (71.9%) were US based in 2013, this dropped to 64.3% in 2014 (p<0.01), with IEVs located in at least 38 countries, and 12% providing location indicators reflecting two or more countries, complicating jurisdictional determinations.Reflecting the retail market, IEVs are transitioning from offering disposable and ‘cigalike’ e-cigarettes to larger tank and “mod” systems. Flavored e-cigarettes were available from 85.9% of IEVs in 2014, with fruit and candy flavors being most popular. Most vendors (76.5%) made health claims in 2013, dropping to 43.1% in 2014. Some IEVs featured conflicting claims about whether or not e-cigarettes aid in smoking cessation. There was wide variation in pricing, with e-cigarettes available as inexpensive as one dollar, well within the affordable range for adults and teens.ConclusionsThe number of Internet e-cigarette vendors grew threefold from 2013 to 2014, far surpassing the number of Internet cigarette vendors (N=775) at the 2004 height of that industry. New and expanded regulations for online e-cigarette sales are needed, including restrictions on flavors and marketing claims.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Contested Qualified Health Claims for Green Tea and Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Berhaupt-Glickstein ◽  
W. K. Hallman
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Qualified Health Claims ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThere have been seven qualified health claims (QHCs) in the marketplace about the relationship between the consumption of green tea and the reduced risk of breast and/or prostate cancers that were written by three stakeholders (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Fleminger, Inc. (tea company), and the Federal Court). This paper evaluates assertions about the effects of these claims on consumers, which were contested in a federal lawsuit. Using a 2 × 7 experimental design, 1,335 Americans 55 years and older were randomized to view one QHC about green tea and cancer, or an identical QHC about a novel diet-disease relationship; yukichi fruit juice and gastrocoridalis. The results show that differing stakeholder descriptions of the same evidence significantly affected consumer perceptions. For example, QHCs written by Fleminger, Inc. were rated as providing greater evidence for the green tea-cancer claim. An FDA summary statement implied mandatory (vs. voluntary) labelling and greater effectiveness, and qualitative descriptions suggested that greater evidence existed for the claims (vs. quantitative descriptions). Greater evidence was also inferred for familiar claims (green tea and cancer).

scholarly journals Emotional and Expressive Connotation of Regional Media Vocabulary

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
Eleonora V. Egorova ◽  
Ekaterina I. Krasheninnikova ◽  
Natalia A. Krasheninnikova
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Regional Newspapers ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Language Characteristics ◽  
Newspaper Articles

This article focuses on the peculiarities of emotional and expressive aspects of the regional media vocabulary (Ulyanovsk region newsportals). The authors analyzed publications from the leading sites of Ulyanovsk newsportals – ulpravda.ru, ulgrad.ru, ultoday73.ru, and ulpressa.ru from July 2020 to January 2021. The authors examined the regional broadcasting language, characteristics of printed media and lexical connotation of provincial publications. To study the emotional and expressive peculiarities of the regional newspapers, we analyzed about 100 pages of various newspaper articles (180,000 printed characters with spaces). The conducted content analysis revealed five basic types of vocabulary with emotional and expressive coloring. The results of the analysis showed the dominance of metaphors, epithets, phraseological units, personification, and allusion. According to quantitative estimation, the most widely-used group of vocabulary with emotional and expressive connotation are epithets (250 lexical units). It proves that epithets still remain the leading linguistic tool to express emotions. Within the group of metaphors most lexical units were connected to the forthcoming New Year. Phraseological unit are also widely-spread in regional news portals, as they underline brightness and expressiveness of the language and contribute to its expressiveness. Personification and allusion are used less often. The most examples of allusion refer the readers to the Bible.

Communicating scientific evidence in qualified health claims

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (13) ◽  
pp. 2811-2824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Berhaupt-Glickstein ◽  
William K. Hallman
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Qualified Health Claims
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