scholarly journals Content analysis of e-cigarette products, promotions, prices and claims on Internet tobacco vendor websites, 2013–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (e1) ◽  
pp. e34-e40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S Williams ◽  
Jason Derrick ◽  
Aliza K Liebman ◽  
Kevin LaFleur
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Search Algorithms ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Multiple Sources

ObjectiveTo identify the population of Internet e-cigarette vendors (IEVs) and conduct content analysis of products sold and IEVs’ promotional, claims and pricing practices.MethodsMultiple sources were used to identify IEV websites, primarily complex search algorithms scanning over 180 million websites. In 2013, 32 446 websites were manually screened, identifying 980 IEVs, with the 281 most popular selected for content analysis. This methodology yielded 31 239 websites for manual screening in 2014, identifying 3096 IEVs, with 283 selected for content analysis.ResultsWhile the majority of IEVs (71.9%) were US based in 2013, this dropped to 64.3% in 2014 (p<0.01), with IEVs located in at least 38 countries, and 12% providing location indicators reflecting two or more countries, complicating jurisdictional determinations.Reflecting the retail market, IEVs are transitioning from offering disposable and ‘cigalike’ e-cigarettes to larger tank and “mod” systems. Flavored e-cigarettes were available from 85.9% of IEVs in 2014, with fruit and candy flavors being most popular. Most vendors (76.5%) made health claims in 2013, dropping to 43.1% in 2014. Some IEVs featured conflicting claims about whether or not e-cigarettes aid in smoking cessation. There was wide variation in pricing, with e-cigarettes available as inexpensive as one dollar, well within the affordable range for adults and teens.ConclusionsThe number of Internet e-cigarette vendors grew threefold from 2013 to 2014, far surpassing the number of Internet cigarette vendors (N=775) at the 2004 height of that industry. New and expanded regulations for online e-cigarette sales are needed, including restrictions on flavors and marketing claims.

scholarly journals Content analysis of age verification, purchase and delivery methods of internet e-cigarette vendors, 2013 and 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S Williams ◽  
Jason Derrick ◽  
Aliza Kate Liebman ◽  
Kevin LaFleur ◽  
Kurt M Ribisl
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Identity Verification ◽  
United States Postal Service ◽  
Cigarette Industry ◽  
Effective Age ◽  
Age Verification ◽  
United States Postal

ObjectiveIdentify the population of internet e-cigarette vendors (IEVs) and conduct content analyses of their age verification, purchase and delivery methods in 2013 and 2014.MethodsWe used multiple sources to identify IEV websites, primarily complex search algorithms scanning more than 180 million websites. In 2013, we manually screened 32 446 websites, identifying 980 IEVs, selecting the 281 most popular for content analysis. This methodology yielded 31 239 websites for screening in 2014, identifying 3096 IEVs, with 283 selected for content analysis.ResultsThe proportion of vendors that sold online-only, with no retail store, dropped significantly from 2013 (74.7%) to 2014 (64.3%) (p<0.01), with a corresponding significant decrease in US-based vendors (71.9% in 2013 and 65% in 2014). Most vendors did little to prevent youth access in either year, with 67.6% in 2013 and 63.2% in 2014 employing no age verification or relying exclusively on strategies that cannot effectively verify age. Effective age verification strategies such as online age verification services (7.1% in 2013 and 8.5% in 2014), driving licences (1.8% in 2013 and 7.4% in 2014, p<0.01) or age verification at delivery (6.4% in 2013 and 8.1% in 2104) were rarely advertised on IEV websites. Nearly all vendors advertised accepting credit cards, and about ¾ shipping via United States Postal Service, similar to the internet cigarette industry prior to federal bans.ConclusionsThe number of IEVs grew sharply from 2013 to 2014, with poor age verification practices. New and expanded regulations for online e-cigarette sales are needed, including strict age and identity verification requirements.

Behavior change techniques utilized in Canadian online smoking cessation programs: A content analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Struik ◽  
Danielle Rodberg ◽  
Ramona Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Website Content

BACKGROUND Smoking rates in Canada remain unacceptably high, and cessation rates have stalled in recent years. Online cessation programs, touted for their ability to reach many different populations anytime, have shown promise in their efficacy. The Government of Canada has therefore funded provincial and national smoking cessation websites across the country. However, little is known about the behavior change techniques (BCTs) that underpin the content of these websites, which is key to establishing the quality of the websites, as well as a way forward for evaluation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study, therefore, was to apply the BCTTv1 taxonomy to Canadian provincial and federal websites and determine which BCTs they use. METHODS A total of 12 government-funded websites across Canada were included for analysis. Using deductive content analysis, and through training in applying the BCTTv1 taxonomy, the website content was coded according to the 93 BCTs across the 16 BCT categories. RESULTS Of the 16 BCT categories, 14 were present within the websites. The most widely represented BCT categories (used in all 12 websites) included: 1. Goals and planning, 3. Social support, 5. Natural consequences, and 11. Regulation. The most saturated BCT categories (those most heavily used) included: 10. Reward and threat, 12. Antecedents, 1. Goals and planning, and 5. Natural consequences. Implementation of BCTs within these categories varied across the sites. CONCLUSIONS This study addresses a critical gap in knowledge around the behavior change techniques that underpin government-funded smoking cessation websites in Canada. The findings offer programmers and researchers with tangible directions for prioritizing and enhancing provincial and national smoking cessation programs, and an evaluation framework to assess smoking cessation outcomes in relation to the web-based content.

scholarly journals A Content Analysis of Popular Smartphone Apps for Smoking Cessation

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorien C. Abroms ◽  
J. Lee Westmaas ◽  
Jeuneviette Bontemps-Jones ◽  
Rathna Ramani ◽  
Jenelle Mellerson
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Smartphone Apps

scholarly journals A content analysis of food advertisements appearing in parenting magazines

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2188-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Manganello ◽  
Katherine Clegg Smith ◽  
Katie Sudakow ◽  
Amber C Summers
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Specific Health

AbstractObjectiveChildhood obesity is a growing problem in the USA. As parents play a major role in shaping a child's diet, the present study examines food advertisements (ads) directed towards parents in parenting and family magazines.DesignGiven the potential for magazines to influence attitudes and knowledge, we used content analysis to examine the food ads appearing in four issues each of six different parenting and family magazines from 2008 (n 24).SettingUSA.SubjectsFood ads in parenting and family magazines.ResultsWe identified 476 food ads, which represented approximately 32 % of all ads in the magazine sample. Snack foods (13 %) were the most frequently observed food ads, followed by dairy products (7 %). The most frequently used sales theme was ‘taste’ (55 %). Some ads promoted foods as ‘healthy’ (14 %) and some made specific health claims (18 %), such as asserting the product would help lower cholesterol. In addition to taste and health and nutrition appeals, we found several themes used in ad messages to promote products, including the following: ‘convenience’, ‘economical’, ‘fun’ and ‘helping families spend time together’. We also found that over half (n 405, 55·9 %) of products (n 725) advertised were products of poor nutritional quality based on total fat, saturated fat, sodium, protein, sugar and fibre contents, and that ads for such products were slightly more likely to use certain sales themes like ‘fun’ (P = 0·04) and ‘no guilt’ (P = 0·03).ConclusionsInterventions should be developed to help parents understand nutritional information seen in food ads and to learn how various foods contribute to providing a balanced family diet.

The Informational Content of Cigarette Advertising: 1926–1986

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Jones Ringold ◽  
John E. Calfee
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Informational Content ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Cigarette Advertising ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Smoking And Health

A content analysis of 568 cigarette ads during 1926–86 found that most explicit claims (i.e., statements) are about health, construction, and taste. Consistent with theoretical predictions, and contrary to popular belief, health claims emphasized the negative health aspects of smoking, except when prevented by regulation. Moreover, emphasis in health claims corresponded to the dominant smoking-and-health fears of the time. Health-related claims came in two major waves, first in the late 1920s through the early 1950s, reaching a peak during the cancer scare of the early 1950s, and then again after 1966, when the FTC first allowed tar and nicotine claims, and later required tar and nicotine information and health warnings.

Nick Noguez and Michael Gonzalez Discuss their Research Project: Are Social Features in Mobile Health Apps Effective in Engaging Users? A Content Analysis of Smoking Cessation Mobile Apps

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Noguez And Michael Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
Social Features ◽  
Mobile Health Apps

  Despite the ubiquity of smartphone ownership and the increasing integration of social engagement features in smoking cessation apps to engage users, thesocial engagement features that exist in current smoking cessation apps and how effective these social features are in engaging users remain unclear. To fill the gap in the literature, a content analysis of free and paid smoking cessation mobile apps isconducted to examine a) the presence of socialengagement features(e.g., social support, social announcement, social referencing) and non-social engagement features (e.g., personal environmental changes, goal setting), and b) their relationship with user ratingsand engagement scores (e.g., Mobile App rating scale [MARS]). The findings will not only extend the mobile health apps engagement typology,but also inform smoking cessation mobile apps design.

scholarly journals How Smart are Smartphone Apps for Smoking Cessation? A Content Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina B. Hoeppner ◽  
Susanne S. Hoeppner ◽  
Lourah Seaboyer ◽  
Melissa R. Schick ◽  
Gwyneth W. Y. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Smartphone Apps

An Application of Survival Analysis to Population Health Management Program Evaluation

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Adam Long ◽  
Theodore L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Health Claims Data

Purpose. Evaluating the financial impact of long-term lifestyle management interventions is difficult because of the variability across the program members' enrollment and participation levels. This variability is often referred to as “censored” health claims data. Survival analysis is designed to overcome censored data of various kinds (e.g., disenrollment, loss to follow-up, missing data). Design. A quasi-experimental program versus matched reference group study design was used. Participants (N = 142) in smoking cessation or weight management programs in 1997 were retrospectively matched to nonparticipants (N = 142). Setting. The study location was a regional hospital in Tennessee. Subjects. Hospital employees with health plan benefits served as subjects. Intervention. Program interventions included health risk appraisals, screenings, and telephonic health coaching for weight management and smoking cessation. Measures. The major dependent measure was paid claims information. Results. Program participants experienced more health care claims but significantly lower cost than nonparticipants. Nonparticipants averaged $40.77 more per claim than participants. Participants were less likely than nonparticipants to experience a high-cost or outlier claim event. For example, by month 72 nonparticipants had twice the probability of experiencing an outlier claim as participants. Conclusions. Effective lifestyle health management may increase low-cost health claims activity, because many patients improve at self-care. As demonstrated here, preventive initiatives result in lower cumulative costs and decrease the risk of high-cost or outlier claim events.

Content analysis across new media platforms: Methodological considerations for capturing media-rich data

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 532-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B Hurwitz ◽  
Aubry L Alvarez ◽  
Alexis R Lauricella ◽  
Thomas H Rousse ◽  
Heather Montague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
New Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Rich Content

Content analyses sway policy by describing the prevalence of mass media messages and implying effects. However, content-based research focusing ondynamic new media products such as websites, mobile applications, and video games presents methodological challenges. Our team recently conducted a large-scale content analysis exploring food marketing to children across media platforms, in which we captured and analyzed a variety of media-rich content. We consulted multiple sources to form our sampling frame, employed a complex sampling technique to allow for generalization of findings, used screen-capture software to record our exploration of media products, analyzed data using video coding software, and created a custom scale to determine the target audience of certain media products. We believe the steps we have taken may provide valuable insights into aspiring content analysts interested in studying media-rich content and address challenges that have been plaguing content analysts for the past two decades.

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