HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS FOR RESPIRATORY ILLNESS IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE IN A HIGHLY INDUSTRIALISED AREA IN THE NORTH EAST OF ENGLAND.

Epidemiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. S107
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Geographical and temporal variation in reduction of malaria infection among children under five years of age throughout Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellington Oyibo ◽  
Godwin Ntadom ◽  
Perpetua Uhomoibhi ◽  
Olusola Oresanya ◽  
Nnenna Ogbulafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
North West ◽  
Under Five ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Changes Over Time

AbstractBackgroundGlobal progress in reducing malaria has stalled since 2015. Analysis of the situation is particularly needed in Nigeria, the country with by far the largest share of the burden, where approximately a quarter of all cases in the world are estimated to occur.MethodsWe analysed data from three nationwide surveys (Malaria Indicator Surveys in 2010 and 2015, and a National Demographic and Health Survey in 2018), with malaria parasite prevalence in children under five years of age determined by sampling from all 36 states of Nigeria, and blood slide microscopy performed in the same accredited laboratory for all samples. Changes over time were evaluated by calculating prevalence ratio (PR) values with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each state, together with Mantel-Haenszel adjusted prevalence ratios (PRadj) for each of the six major geopolitical zones of the country.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2018 there were significant reductions in parasite prevalence in 25 states, but not in the remaining 11 states. Prevalence decreased most in southern zones of the country (South West PRadj = 0.53; South East PRadj = 0.59; South South PRadj = 0.51) and the North Central zone (PRadj = 0.36). Changes in the north were less marked, but were significant and indicated overall reductions by more than 20% (North West PRadj = 0.74; North East PRadj = 0.76). Changes in the south occurred mostly between 2010 and 2015, whereas those in the north were more gradual and most continued after 2015. Recent changes were not correlated with survey-reported variation in use of preventive measures.ConclusionReductions in malaria infection in children under five have occurred in most individual states in Nigeria since 2010, but substantial geographical variation in the timing and extent indicate challenges to be overcome to enable global malaria reduction.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory illness in children under five in primary care in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: A descriptive FRESH AIR study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0221389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Kjærgaard ◽  
Marilena Anastasaki ◽  
Marianne Stubbe Østergaard ◽  
Elvira Isaeva ◽  
Azamat Akylbekov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
High Income ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

Audit of unplanned hospital admissions for patients with neuromuscular disorders in Cumbria and the north east of England

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. S241
Author(s):  
E. Elliott ◽  
M. Guglieri ◽  
T. Evangelista ◽  
H. Lochmüller ◽  
V. Straub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Unplanned Hospital Admissions

Audit of unplanned hospital admissions for patients with neuromuscular disorders in the North East

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. S38
Author(s):  
E. Elliott ◽  
H. van Ruiten ◽  
M. Guglieri ◽  
T. Evangelista ◽  
H. Lochmüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Unplanned Hospital Admissions

scholarly journals Hospitalizations due to primary care-sensitive conditions among children under five years of age: cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Morganna Neves de Araujo ◽  
Gabriela Maria Cavalcanti Costa ◽  
Dixis Figueroa Pedraza
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Infectious Gastroenteritis ◽  
Sensitive Conditions

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Hospitalizations due to primary care-sensitive conditions constitute an important indicator for monitoring the quality of primary healthcare. This study aimed to describe hospitalizations due to primary care-sensitive conditions found among children under five years of age (according to their age and sex), in two cities in Paraíba, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study carried out in the municipalities of Cabedelo and Bayeux, in Paraíba, Brazil. METHODS: Data were collected from four public pediatric hospitals in Paraíba that receive children from these municipalities. Hospital admission authorizations were consulted to gather information on the children’s profile and the characteristics of their hospitalizations. Differences in the causes of admissions and the respective lengths of hospital stay length were analyzed according to age group and sex. RESULTS: The proportion of hospital admissions due to primary care-sensitive conditions was 82.4%. The most frequent causes were: bacterial pneumonia (59.38%), infectious gastroenteritis and its complications (23.59%) and kidney and urinary tract infection (9.67%). Boys had higher frequency of hospitalizations due to primary care-sensitive conditions than girls. The median hospitalization due to primary care-sensitive conditions was found to be four days. The duration of hospital stays due to primary care-sensitive conditions was significantly longer than those due to conditions that were not sensitive to primary care. CONCLUSIONS: High rates of hospital admissions due to primary care-sensitive conditions were highlighted, especially among children of male sex, with long periods of hospitalization.

scholarly journals Potential Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccination in Afghanistan (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palwasha Anwari ◽  
F Debellut ◽  
C Pecenka ◽  
S Mohammed ◽  
A Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Perspective

BACKGROUND Despite progress made in child survival in the past 20 years, 5.9 million children under five years died in 2015, with 9% of these deaths due to diarrhea. Rotavirus is responsible for more than a third of diarrhea deaths. In 2013, rotavirus was estimated to cause 215,000 deaths among children under five years, including 89,000 in Asia. As of April 2017, 92 countries worldwide have introduced rotavirus vaccination in their national immunization program. Afghanistan has applied for Gavi support to introduce rotavirus vaccination nationally. OBJECTIVE This study estimates the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of a national rotavirus immunization program in Afghanistan. METHODS This study examined the use of Rotarix (RV1) administered using a two-dose schedule at 6 and 10 weeks of age. We used the ProVac Initiative's UNIVAC model (version 1.2.09) to evaluate the impact and cost-effectiveness of a rotavirus vaccine program compared with no vaccine over ten birth cohorts from 2017 to 2026 with a 3% annual discount rate. All monetary units are adjusted to 2017 US$. RESULTS Rotavirus vaccination in Afghanistan has the potential to avert more than one million cases; 660,000 outpatient visits; approximately 50,000 hospital admissions; 650,000 DALYs; and 12,000 deaths, over 10 years. Not accounting for any Gavi subsidy, rotavirus vaccination can avert DALYs at US$82/DALY from the government perspective and US$80/DALY from the societal perspective. With Gavi support, DALYs can be averted at US$29/DALY and US$31/DALY from the societal and government perspective, respectively. The average yearly cost of a rotavirus vaccination program would represent 2.8% of the total immunization budget expected in 2017 and 0.1% of total health expenditure. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of rotavirus vaccination would be highly cost-effective in Afghanistan, and even more so with a Gavi subsidy.

scholarly journals Socio-ecological Determinants of Under-five Mortality in Nigeria: Exploring the Interaction Effects of Neighbourhood Poverty and Solid Cooking Fuel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuechefulam Kingsley Imo
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
North West ◽  
Under Five ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Cooking Practices ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cooking Fuels

Abstract Background: In the context of global child health priority, under-five mortality remains considerably high with the current rate of 132 deaths per 1,000 live births in Nigeria, which translates to 1 in 8 children dying before his or her fifth birthday. This has been attributed to exposure of children to household air pollution due to environmental context and inefficient cooking practices. Therefore, this study examined the interaction effects of neighbourhood poverty and use of solid cooking fuels on under-five mortality in Nigeria.Methods: Data for the study were drawn from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey and covered a weighted sample of 124,442 birth history of childbearing women who reported using cooking fuels in kitchens located within the house. Descriptive and analytical analyses were carried out, including frequency tables, Pearson’s chi-square test, and multivariate using Cox proportional regression model.Results: The findings of this study showed that the risks of under-five mortality were significantly higher for children whose mothers were found in the areas of high neighbourhood poverty (HR: 1.44, CI: 1.34-1.54) and those whose mothers reported using solid cooking fuels within the house (HR: 2.26, CI: 2.06-2.49). The results further showed that the risks of death significantly reduced for children whose mothers had secondary or tertiary education (HR: 0.82, CI: 0.75-0.90) and children of mothers whose partners had at least primary education, but increased for children of mothers who were rural residents (HR: 1.25, CI: 1.16-1.35); and those found in the North-east (HR: 1.31, CI: 1.18-1.46) and North-west (HR: 1.84, CI: 1.68-2.02), compared with those in the reference categories. Conclusion: The risks of under-five mortality are significantly linked to areas of high neighbourhood poverty and use of solid cooking fuels in kitchens located within the house in Nigeria. There is the need for more pragmatic strategies to re-educate people, especially mothers on the need to use clean cooking fuels from the little resources they have to reduce the children’s exposure to harmful emissions within the house.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Hospital Admissions for COPD Exacerbation: Lessons for Future Care

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Michael Lawless ◽  
Mark Burgess ◽  
Stephen Bourke
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Future Care

Background and Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Acute exacerbations (AECOPD) are common and often triggered by viral infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic social restrictions, including ‘shielding’ and ‘lockdowns’, were mandated. Multiple, worldwide studies report a reduction in AECOPD admissions during this period. This study aims to assess the effect of the pandemic and Lockdown on the rates of admission with AECOPD and severity of hospitalised exacerbations in the North-East of England. Materials and Methods: Data were extracted for patients presenting with a diagnosis of AECOPD or respiratory failure secondary to AECOPD during the ‘COVID-19 period’ (26/3/20–31/12/20) and a date-matched control period from the year previous. We present descriptive statistics and regression analysis of the effects of the COVID-19 period on the rates of hospital admission. Results: Compared to the matched control period, the COVID-19 period was associated with fewer AECOPD admissions (COVID-19 = 719, control = 1257; rate ratio 0.57, p < 0.001) and shorter length of stay (COVID-19 = 3.9 ± 0.2, control = 4.78 ± 0.2 days; p = 0.002), with similar in-hospital plus 30-day post-discharge mortality. Demographics were similar between periods. Only six patients had a positive COVID-19 PCR test. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 period there was a substantial reduction in AECOPD admissions, but no increase in overall severity of exacerbations or mortality. Rather than fear driving delayed hospital presentation, physical and behavioural measures taken during this period to limit transmission of COVID-19 are likely to have reduced transmission of other respiratory viruses. This has important implications for control of future AECOPD.

scholarly journals Systemic arterial hypertension and hospital admissions: improving care in primary care / Hipertensão arterial sistémica e internamentos hospitalares: melhorar os cuidados nos cuidados primários

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 95738-95752
Author(s):  
Luís Roberto Da Silva ◽  
Laís Eduarda Silva De Arruda ◽  
Jonathan Willams Do Nascimento ◽  
Rafaela Maria de Sousa Queiroz ◽  
Felipe Maia Tardieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Health System ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Systemic Arterial Hypertension ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

BACKGROUND: Systemic Arterial Hypertension is a chronic disease that affects the global population and can cause serious harm when not controlled. The prevalence is high and it is one of the conditions that most leads people to death. Therefore, multiprofessional care ensures a better integrality of care and avoids high direct and indirect costs. OBJECTIVE: Describe the context of hospital admissions for Systemic Arterial Hypertension and its consequences for the brazilian national health system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive epidemiological study, which used public domain data of the authorization of hospital admissions for hypertension, available in the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian regions, in the period from 2014 to 2020. RESULTS: Were reported, 403,181 hospitalizations for Systemic Arterial Hypertension with an annual mean of 57,597 (?=12,319.9). The North east region (?=39.3, ?=9.0 per 100,000 inhabitants, significant temporal decrease) and North region (?=37.3, ?=8.9 per 100,000 inhabitants, significant temporal decrease) expressed the highest coefficients. Stood out the female population (?=58.5%, ?=1.01%, significant temporal decrease), the elderly (?=56.7%, ?=0.79%, stable) and brown people (?=39.1%, ?=1.2%, stable). The national annual average costs are close to $3.6 million (?=736.7 thousand). CONCLUSION: Improving the actions of Primary Health and knowing the consequences can support the planning and implementation of actions, impact the costs to the health system, as well as ensure that other levels of care perform the respective care, avoiding worsening of the clinical Picture.

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