Non-invasive adrenal imaging in primary aldosteronism. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of radiocholesterol scintigraphy, CT scan and MRI

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
F LUMACHI ◽  
M C MARZOLA ◽  
P ZUCCHETTA ◽  
A TREGNAGHI ◽  
D CECCHIN ◽  
...  
2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1490-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa J. Stradomska ◽  
Dorota Sobielarska ◽  
Zbigniew Mielniczuk ◽  
Dorota Jagiełłowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Syczewska ◽  
...  

A non-invasive, non-culture-based method of determining urinary d-/l-arabinitol (d-/l-ARA) ratios was investigated as a tool for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in nosocomial paediatric infection cases. The study encompassed 138 children aged 4 days to 16 years (mean±sd=1.6±4.2 years) with congenital heart defects (91.4 %) or with rhythm disorders or circulatory failure (8.6 %). ARA enantiomers were detected by GC using an electron capture detector. Positive d-/l-ARA ratios were found for 11/11 patients with proven candidiasis and 17/19 patients with clinically suspected invasive candidiasis. Thirty children were undergoing antifungal chemotherapy. d-/l-ARA ratios (mean±sd) were 2.601±0.544 in hospitalized cardiac patients without fungal infection and 5.120±1.253 in those receiving antifungal therapy (P<0.001). The sensitivity of the method was 100 %, the specificity 97.2 %, the positive predictive value was 78.6 % and the negative predictive value was 100 %.


2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1045-1051
Author(s):  
Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Mushtaque Ali Memon ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the diagnosticaccuracy of CT scan in detecting thyroid cartilage invasion by carcinoma of larynx keepinghistopathological findings as a gold standard. Study Design: Cross sectional and descriptivestudy. Setting: Department of Radiology of LUMHS, And Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy &Nuclear Medicine. Period: February 2013 to August 2015. Subjects and Methods: Overall 86patients were incorporated in this study. All these patients subsequently had their histopathology.The CT outcomes were then contrasted with histopathological results & measures of variablescalculated, were based on the results. Results: Fifty patients were men & 36 patients werewomen. The ages varied from 31 to 65yrs with mean age of 50yrs. The specificity & sensitivityof CT in diagnosing thyroid cartilage invasion was 84.5% and 93.3% respectively. Accuratenessof CT in diagnosing thyroid cartilage invasion was 86.05%. Conclusion: The study establishedthe specificity, sensitivity, negative as well as positive predictive value and accuracy of CTscan for the detection of thyroid cartilage invasion as 84.5%, 93.3%, 98.4%, 56% and 86.05%respectively. Very low negative predictive value was found in patients of age more than 50 years.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0167130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Strom ◽  
Ben Anderson ◽  
David Tsao ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Md Naushad Ali ◽  
Rehana Parvin ◽  
Md Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
AKM Mazharul Islam

This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of gastroenterology, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur from January 2014 to July 2014 to compare between Invasive & Non-Invasive Diagnostic Evaluation of Tuberculosis Peritonitis In our prospective in clinically suspected patients. Total 30 patients (age 39.69±21.26, 18M/12F) with clinical suspicion of peritoneal tuberculosis were included in this study after analyzing selection criteria. Laparoscopic peritoneal biopsy with 'histopathological' diagnosis was considered as gold standard against which accuracies non-invasive test of two biomarkers (ADA & CA-125) were compared. Cut off value of ADA and CA-125 is 24 U/l, 35 U/ml respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ADA as a diagnostic modality in peritoneal tuberculosis were 87.5%, 83.33%, 95.45%, 62.5% and 86.67% respectively whereas CA-125 was found to have 83.33% sensitivity, 50% specificity, 86.9% positive predictive value, 42.85% negative predictive value and 76.6% accuracy. Both biomarkers were simple, non-invasive, rapid and relatively cheap diagnostic test whereas laparoscopy was an invasive procedure, costly & requires trained staff and not without risk and also not feasible in the entire centre in our country. So ascitic fluid ADA and serum CA-125 was important non-invasive diagnostic test for peritoneal tuberculosis.Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(2): 20-22


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghaffar ◽  
Saeed Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Kareemullah ◽  
Saqib Uddin Khan ◽  
Ambreen Akram ◽  
...  

Background: Abdominal trauma can be mysterious to some practitioners. If patients are evaluated for being stable or unstable, then abdominal trauma can be easily managed. Using a combination of physical examination, eFAST Scan, DPL and CT scans, patients can be quickly and efficiently evaluated. Objectives: To determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of computed tomography and diagnostic peritoneal lavage for diagnosis of solid organ damage in patients with blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) taking surgical findings as gold standard. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Surgery at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Period: Six months i.e. from 21.5.2016 to 20.11.2016. Materials and Methods: Data Collection: CT scan was performed with oral and intravenous contrast. DPL was done with sample assessment. Only those cases were included with positive findings in CT Scan or DPL. These patients underwent laparotomy under general anesthesia by a one standard surgical team. Results of surgical findings were compared between groups with CT scan and DPL. All the information was collected on predesigned proforma. Results: The mean age of the patients was 44.48±14.83 years. There were 66 (55%) males and 54 (45%) females in our study. In this study PPV for CT-scan group was 90.1% while PPV for group with DPL was 51.3%. Conclusion: PPV for CT Scan group was higher than that of DPL group for diagnosing solid organ damage in patients with BAT. Hence, evidence shows that CT Scan should be used as an initial investigation of choice in haemo-dynamically stable patients with BAT.


2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Laima Alam ◽  
Farrukh Saeed

Objective: To assess the non-invasive biomarkers of fibrosis for predicting varices-needing-treatment in patients with cirrhosis secondary to chronic-hepatitis-C. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. Methodology: A total of 153 patients aged 18-79 with cirrhosis, whether compensated or decompensated, secondary to chronic-hepatitis-C were enrolled. Relevant serum tests were used to calculate non-invasive fibrosis indices and their diagnostic performance to predict the presence of varices and varices-needing-treatment was calculated. Results: King’s score showed the best performance in detecting varices due to high positive predictive value of 96.4% and positive likelihood ratio of 2.4. Overall, all the non-invasive fibrosis indices exhibited good performance with positive predictive value >85% but none could rule out the presence of varices with adequate reliability due to low negative-predictive-value (<65%). King’s score exhibited relatively higher positive-predictivevalue (70%) and negative predictive value (51.1%) and the lowest negative-likelihood-ratio (0.6) for predicting varices needing treatment. Taken together, none of the non-invasive biomarkers of fibrosis could predict the presence of varices-needing-treatment with adequate accuracy due to low positive-predictive-value (<85%) andlow negative-predictive-value (<65%). Conclusion: The calculated non-invasive biomarkers of fibrosis and their optimum cutoff values showed modest accuracy for predicting varices and varices-needing-treatment. These indices may be used as first-line screening method for segregation of clinically significant portal hypertension and high risk esophageal varices-needingtreatment but may not be able to replace the gold standards like Fibroscan liver and Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient measurements.


Author(s):  
Sunil Mathew ◽  
Sachin Chacko ◽  
Tomy Philip ◽  
R. N. Sharma ◽  
Kanniyan Binub

Background: Esophageal variceal bleeding is one among the common complication of cirrhosis which is fatal. Latest studies are focusing more on using non-invasive techniques to classify cirrhotic patients according to their risk of having varices. The platelet count-splenic diameter ratio is considered as one such parameter and is used in predicting esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. Objectives of the study was to assess the utility of platelet count-splenic diameter ratio as a useful non- invasive parameter in predicting the presence/ absence /size of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.Methods: Diagnostic evaluation study was done in a tertiary hospital of Kerala state India. 93 adults above the age of 18 yrs with diagnosis of cirrhosis was selected and detailed history, physical, systemic examination and imaging was done. The degree of correlation between platelet count-splenic size ratio and the presence/absence/size of esophageal varices was studied along with its utility as an independent non- invasive marker. Frequency was expressed in percentages.Results: Best cut-off for prediction of esophageal varices Grade 1 was platelet count/spleen diameter ratio of 954, which had Specificity of 85.7% and Positive predictive value of 94.1% Cut-off for prediction of Grade 2 esophageal varices was platelet count/spleen diameter ratio of 916 which had a Sensitivity of 78.9%, Specificity of 88.9%. Whereas cut-off for prediction of Grade 3 esophageal varices was a ratio of 899 which had a high Sensitivity of 88% and Negative predictive value of 93.6 % but Specificity was only 64.7% and Positive predictive value of 47.8% only.Conclusions: The platelet count splenic diameter ratio is accurate to be used as screening tool to predict the presence of Grade 2 Esophageal varices in Patients with Cirrhosis. More studies need to be done around the globe for more evidence.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1196-1200
Author(s):  
Manish Raj Pathak ◽  
Mahesh Gautam ◽  
Rashmita Bhandari

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer related mortality in females around the world. Ultrasound plays a key role in differentiating cystic and solid lesions and is a convenient and non-invasive diagnostic tool to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in palpable breast lesions. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with palpable breast lesions who presented in Department of radio diagnosis and imaging of Nobel Medical collegefor a period of one-year from February 2019- January 2020 using ultrasound. A total of 60 patientswereevaluated in the study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated. Results: Out of 60 patients evaluated, ultrasound showed 46 (76.7%) cases to be benign and 14 (23.3%) cases to be malignant. FNAC revealed benign disease in 47 (78.3%) patients and malignant disease in 13 (21.7%) patients. The most common benign lesion was fibroadenoma. We found nearly 91.7% of the malignant lesions had spiculated margins and microcalcification. The sensitivity of ultrasound was 95.74% and specificity 92.3% with diagnostic accuracy 95%. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a convenient and non-invasive diagnostic tool with good sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy in palpable breast lesions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Prasong Tanmahasamut ◽  
Ratthiporn Preukthanathorn ◽  
Chongdee Dangrat

Background: The role of interleukin 6 in endometriosis has been extensively studied but results were inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of serum interleukin 6 and serum cancer antigen 125 for non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. Methods: In this prospective diagnostic study, 100 reproductive women who underwent laparoscopy were studies. Patients were divided into endometriosis group (n = 60) and control group (n = 40). Blood samples were taken preoperatively for analysis of serum interleukin 6 and cancer antigen 125 levels. Results: Level of serum interleukin 6 and cancer antigen 125 in endometriosis group were significantly higher than those in control group (1.93 versus <1.50 pg/mL and 41.85 versus 11.86 IU/mL, respectively). A cutoff level of interleukin 6 at 1.52 pg/mL provided sensitivity of 63.3%, specificity of 55%, positive predictive value of 67.9%, and negative predictive value of 50%. The threshold level of cancer antigen 125 at 31 IU/mL had sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 69%. The combined test had sensitivity of 86.7%, specificity of 60%, positive predictive value of 76.5%, and negative predictive value of 75%. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of serum interleukin 6, cancer antigen 125, and combined test were 0.614, 0.945, and 0.945, respectively. Conclusion: Serum interleukin 6 is not suitable to be a candidate of serum marker for the diagnosis of endometriosis. Serum cancer antigen 125 is better than interleukin 6 for detection of endometriosis stage III/IV. Both of them had low performance for diagnostic test in minimal to mild endometriosis. The combined test does not add more benefit than using cancer antigen 125 alone.


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