PERSONALITY AND PHYSICAL VARIABLES AS RELATED TO REFRACTIVE ERRORS

Keratoconus is a dystrophic disease of the cornea, when it is thinned with the formation of a conus-like protrusion (protrusion of the cornea). This disease belongs to the group of keratectasia, it has a multifactorial nature and occurs in approximately 25 % of all corneal pathologies. The disease can be either primary, which is based on dystrophic changes in the cornea, or secondary, which develops against the background of prenatal keratitis. Keratoconus of iatrogenic origin, which develops as a result of refractive eye microsurgery, has become widespread during the last 20 years. Most often primary keratoconus manifests during puberty, progresses to 30–40 years, after which its development slows down. An early clinical manifestation of this corneal pathology is a progressive decrease in visual acuity, development of double vision (binocular diplopia) with the development of a strong headache against this background. Monocular polyopia — images and symbols with multiple contours — develops subsequently. Severe dry eyes, itching, photophobia appear in advanced stages. Diagnosis of keratoconus in some cases can be a significant difficulty, since the use of conventional research methods only allow to suspect refractive errors in the form of myopia or astigmatism. It is necessary to take into account the impossibility of correcting visual impairment using conventional methods — glasses or contact lenses — to make correct diagnosis. As a rule, diagnosis of keratoconus requires use of expanded spectrum of instrumental research methods.

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Types of refractive errors and methods for their diagnosis

Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine) ◽

10.33920/med-10-2007-04 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 30-36

Author(s):

Olga Lemzyakova

Keyword(s):

Optical System ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Vision Impairment ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Vision Correction ◽

Light Rays ◽

Different Types ◽

Almost All ◽

Degrees Of Severity ◽

The Brain

Refraction of the eye means its ability to bend (refract) light in its own optical system. In a normal state, which is called emmetropia, light rays passing through the optical system of the eye focus on the retina, from where the impulse is transmitted to the visual cortex of the brain and is analyzed there. A person sees equally well both in the distance and near in this situation. However, very often, refractive errors develop as a result of various types of influences. Myopia, or short-sightedness, occurs when the light rays are focused in front of the retina as a result of passing through the optical system of the eye. In this case, a person will clearly distinguish close objects and have difficulties in seeing distant objects. On the opposite side is development of farsightedness (hypermetropia), in which the focusing of light rays occurs behind the retina — such a person sees distant objects clearly, but outlines of closer objects are out of focus. Near vision impairment in old age is a natural process called presbyopia, it develops due to the lens thickening. Both myopia and hypermetropia can have different degrees of severity. The variant, when different refractive errors are observed in different eyes, is called anisometropia. In the same case, if different types of refraction are observed in the same eye, it is astigmatism, and most often it is a congenital pathology. Almost all of the above mentioned refractive errors require correction with spectacles or use of contact lenses. Recently, people are increasingly resorting to the methods of surgical vision correction.

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Outdoor Activities and Myopia on Junior High School Student in Rural Area of Bali

Ophthalmologica Indonesiana ◽

10.35749/journal.v44i1.159 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Ni Made Ari Suryathi ◽

I Putu Budhiastra ◽

Ariesanti Tri Handayani

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Rural Area ◽

Junior High School ◽

Junior High ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Capital City ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Outdoor Activities

Introduction and Aims. Refractive errors such as miopia, hyperopia and astigmatism in teenagers are common in Asian country nowadays. Gadget usage also influence the prevalence and incidence of refractive errors specially for miopia and astigmatism. Outdoor activities have positive impact to prevent miopia. The aim of this study is to report the role of outdoor activities as unique school program that could prevent refractive errors in Junior High School in rural area of Bali Method. This is analytic descriptive study with cross sectional approach of 231 Pekutatan II Junior High School students taken in December 2016. This school located in rural area; 35,3 km from Jembarana and 60,5 km from Denpasar, the capital city of Bali. The area of the school is about 1500 m2, where 70% of the land are still vacant to natural habitat and this school had their own garden area that being organized by the students themselves after school hours. This school do not have computer extra curriculum as well. Result. From 231 students there were only 14 students that have refractive errors consist of 5 boys and 9 girls, mostly aged 15 years. Six students (2%) were diagnosed as myopia and 8 students (3.4%) were diagnosed as compound astigmatism myopia. The length of gadget usage in this school were 1.66 hours and outdoor activities time were 4.78 hours per day. The hereditary factors of refractive errors were noted in 12 students (5 %). Outdoor activities associated with refractive errors in this study (p = 0.03). While time using gadget does not have an association with the refractive errors (p = 0.38). Conclusion. Rural area where the outdoor activities are still common have protective effect to prevalence of refractive errors in teenager.

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PREVALENCE OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS IN RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOL CHILDREN – A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/3544 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 554-557

Author(s):

Dr.R.Priyadarsini M.D ◽

◽

Dr.K.Kanchana M.D ◽

Dr.P.Shanmugapriya M.D ◽

Dr.Malaiarasi M.D.

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Urban School ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban

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SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH VIOLENCE AGAINST HUSBANDS COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEENURBAN AND RURAL LIFE

Journal of Environmental Science ◽

10.21608/jes.2018.21071 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 221-246

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Rural Life ◽

Physical Variables

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Ocular higher-order aberrations in patients with various refractive errors

Sohag Medical Journal ◽

10.21608/smj.2017.37055 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 177-183

Author(s):

Eman Morad ◽

Mohamed Abd_ Elateef ◽

Mohammad Mousa ◽

Ismael Abdelatif

Keyword(s):

Higher Order ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Higher Order Aberrations

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Geomorphology and Landslide-Prone Area in Cisolok District, Sukabumi Regency

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201912501005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 01005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mochamad Seandy Alfarabi ◽

Supriatna ◽

Masita Dwi Mandini Manessa ◽

Andry Rustanto ◽

Yoanna Ristya

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Road Network ◽

Geological Structure ◽

Overlay Analysis ◽

Stream Network ◽

Prone Area ◽

Steep Topography ◽

Physical Variables ◽

Natural Characteristics ◽

Very High

Sukabumi District located in Southern West Java known as a region that has diverse natural characteristics, however, it is vulnerable to disasters, especially landslides. Moreover, this study focuses on Cisolok District because this region always occurred landslides every year due to topography aspect. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of geomorphology to landslide-prone area in Cisolok District to reduce landslides. This study used overlay analysis for geomorphology mapping, while the Frequency Ratio (FR) method used for landslide-prone area mapping. Several physical variables used in this study such as slope, elevation, lithology, geological structure, road network, stream network, land use, soil type, rainfall, and landslide location. The result shows that the study areas have diverse geomorphology units dominated by volcanic slope with steep topography. While landslide-prone area consist of four classes : namely 17,03% low, 62,05% medium, 14,4% high, and 6,51% very high. Variety of landslide vulnerability in study area influenced by terrain form, land genesis, and geomorphic process.

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