P29 EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERIENCE ALTERS ETHANOL-INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPULSIVITY

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. A16-A17
Author(s):  
K.G.C. Hellemans ◽  
M.C. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Experience ◽  
Cognitive Impulsivity

COGNITIVE IMPULSIVITY AND SOCIAL STATUS IN PREDELINQUENT PREADOLESCENT MALES

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
David S. Glenwick ◽  
Roxanne G. F. Croft ◽  
Ralph Barocas ◽  
Harvey K. Black
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Residential Setting ◽  
Cognitive Impulsivity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Matching Familiar Figures Test

The relationship between cognitive impulsivity, as measured by Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF), and interpersonal popularity was investigated in a sample of 42 “predelinquent” preadolescent boys in a residential setting. Predictions that the relationship would vary with the specific sociometric situations sampled were generally not confirmed. In fact, both the latency and errors dimensions of the MFF proved to have comparatively little association with social status, with age and intelligence demonstrating much stronger correlations with sociometric scores. Similarities to, and differences from, results with nondelinquent populations are discussed, as are implications for attempts at modifying cognitive style.

scholarly journals Neuroanatomical Correlates of Impulsive Choices and Risky Decision Making in Young Chronic Tobacco Smokers: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Alberto Conti ◽  
Alexander Mario Baldacchino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Cognitive Impulsivity

Introduction: Impairments in the multifaceted neuropsychological construct of cognitive impulsivity are a main feature of chronic tobacco smokers. According to the literature, these cognitive impairments are relevant for the initiation and maintenance of the smoking behavior. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive impulsivity in chronic smokers remain under-investigated.Methods: A sample of 28 chronic smokers (mean age = 28 years) not affected by polysubstance dependence and 24 matched non-smoker controls was recruited. Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM) was employed to assess Gray Matter (GM) volume differences between smokers and non-smokers. The relationships between GM volume and behavioral manifestations of impulsive choices (5 trial adjusting delay discounting task, ADT-5) and risky decision making (Cambridge Gambling Task, CGT) were also investigated.Results: VBM results revealed GM volume reductions in cortical and striatal brain regions of chronic smokers compared to non-smokers. Additionally, smokers showed heightened impulsive choices (p < 0.01, Cohen's f = 0.50) and a riskier decision- making process (p < 0.01, Cohen's f = 0.40) compared to non-smokers. GM volume reductions in the left Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) correlated with impaired impulsive and risky choices, while GM volume reductions in the left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) and Caudate correlated with heightened impulsive choices. Reduced GM volume in the left VLPFC correlated with younger age at smoking initiation (mean = 16 years).Conclusion: Smokers displayed significant GM volume reductions and related cognitive impulsivity impairments compared to non-smoker individuals. Longitudinal studies would be required to assess whether these impairments underline neurocognitive endophenotypes or if they are a consequence of tobacco exposure on the adolescent brain.

Reciprocity of Cognitive and Emotional Antecedents to Bullying: Bidirectional Relations Between Cognitive Impulsivity and Anger

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110530
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Walters ◽  
Dorothy L. Espelage
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Bullying Perpetration ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Affective Variables ◽  
Cognitive Impulsivity ◽  
Bullying Behavior ◽  
Bidirectional Relations ◽  
Emotional Antecedents

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that cognitive and affective variables form a reciprocal relationship when it comes to predicting future bullying perpetration. To this end, the bidirectional relationship between cognitive impulsivity and anger was evaluated in an effort to determine whether both cross-lagged pathways contributed to a rise in bullying behavior. The reciprocal hypothesis was tested in a sample of 1,160 early adolescents (567 boys, 593 girls) from the Illinois Study of Bullying and Sexual Violence (ISBSV). Cognitive impulsivity and anger were cross-lagged at Waves 1 and 2 of the ISBSV, after which they were correlated with bullying perpetration at Wave 3 in a three-wave longitudinal path analysis. Results from the path analysis identified the presence of a significant bidirectional association between Cognitive Impulsivity-1 and Anger-2 and between Anger-1 and Cognitive Impulsivity-2, with both cross-lags effectively predicting future bullying behavior.

Experience-Driven Plasticity and the Emergence of Psychopathology: A Mechanistic Framework Integrating Development and the Environment into the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A McLaughlin ◽  
Laurel Joy Gabard-Durnam
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Developmental Variation ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Environmental Experience ◽  
Dependent Learning ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Specific Learning

Despite the clear importance of a developmental perspective for understanding the emergence of psychopathology across the life-course, such a perspective has yet to be integrated into the RDoC model. In this paper, we articulate a framework that incorporates developmentally-specific learning mechanisms that reflect experience-driven plasticity as additional units of analysis in the existing RDoC matrix. These include both experience-expectant learning mechanisms that occur during sensitive periods of development and experience-dependent learning mechanisms that may exhibit substantial variation across development. Incorporating these learning mechanisms allows for clear integration not only of development but also environmental experience into the RDoC model. We demonstrate how individual differences in environmental experiences—such as early-life adversity—can be leveraged to identify experience-driven plasticity patterns across development and apply this framework to consider how environmental experience shapes key biobehavioral processes that comprise the RDoC model. This framework provides a structure for understanding how affective, cognitive, social, and neurobiological processes are shaped by experience across development and ultimately contribute to the emergence of psychopathology. We demonstrate how incorporating an experience-driven plasticity framework is critical for understanding the development of many processes subsumed within the RDoC model, which will contribute to greater understanding of developmental variation in the etiology of psychopathology and can be leveraged to identify potential windows of heightened developmental plasticity when clinical interventions might be maximally efficacious.

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