SOME EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATTER AND THE ACCUMULATION OF NITRATES IN THE SOIL

Soil Science ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. SMITH ◽  
P. E. BROWN ◽  
H. C. MILLAR
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter

The Potential of Ascophyllum Nodosum to Accelerate Green Waste Composting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Al-Dulaimi ◽  
Mostafa E Rateb ◽  
Andrew S Hursthouse ◽  
Gary Thomson ◽  
Mohammed Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract Millions of tonnes of green waste are produced annually in the UK. The process of composting usually extends to more than two months as well producing greenhouse gases which affect the environment. We proposed a potential approach to use algal extract from Ascophyllum nodosum as a compost accelerator. Seaweed-based treatments offer an economical and effective biological solution which activates and stabilises the decomposition of organic matter. Reducing both the cost and time associated with widely used composting approaches. The seaweed was collected from Scottish coastline, extracted, and formulated to enhance application. Its effects on the timeline of the composting process was systematically investigated through physical, biological, and observational quantification. The emission of gases, the pH, temperature, humidity, consistency, and microbial growth of the compost were studied.Interestingly, the results showed that the compost reached a stability status within 6 weeks, less ammonia and lower carbon dioxide produced. The use of this formulation has the potential to minimise expense, reduce resources used, and lower the levels of harmful volatile organics. This approach is economically beneficial and environmentally crucial in compost formulation, the control of contamination, and reduction of greenhouse gases.

scholarly journals Estimation of Calcium Carbonate in Soils

1909 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
F. S. Marr
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
No Decomposition ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter

Boiling acid at atmospheric pressure decomposes organic matter in soil with evolution of carbon dioxide, and thus renders the results obtained for carbonate too high. Where there is a fairly large percentage of carbonate, the error introduced in this way is of no great importance, but in soils containing less than 1% of calcium carbonate and especially in acid soils, the error introduced by thus boiling with acid may be very considerable.The weaker the acid used the better so long as there is fair excess. The writer recommends for acid soils and those containing low percentages of carbonate (as can be seen by making a rough preliminary test), 2 c.c. of strong hydrochloric acid and about 100 c.c. of water: 20 grams of soil should be used when the amount of carbonate is small. The acid may be conveniently added by making up a solution containing 100 c.c. of strong hydrochloric acid per litre, and introducing 20 c.c. of this solution along with 80 c.c. of water. For most soils, 5 c.c. of strong hydrochloric acid to 100 c.c. of water will be found convenient.If possible distillation under reduced pressure should be used, as under this condition practically no decomposition of organic matter takes place, while carbonate is readily decomposed: the distillation should be continued for twenty minutes at a temperature of about 50° C.

scholarly journals A CONTRIBUTION TO TEACHING CHEMISTRY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS USING THE COMPOSITION AND SOME REACTIONS OF DOMESTIC WASTE

2008 ◽  
Vol 05 (10) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Keiko TANIMOTO ◽  
Karla Amâncio Pinto FIELDS
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Teaching Chemistry ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

The garbage has caused several problems within a city, is the visual pollution, in addition to contamination from the decomposition of organic matter, which generates the effluent called slurry which contaminates the soil and water in addition to the emission of greenhouse gases such as methane, sulfidric acid, ammonia and carbon dioxide gas. Reflecting on the various problems in a city that affect the environment, propose to study the composition of the garbage generated in the home, and the reactions to the formation of the same, the decomposition of organic matter and environmental impacts. Therefore, the mini course can be well used by the students, who did not have a broad view of chemistry and its applications in daily life by increasing their knowledge conceptual, in addition to awakening the motivation through the same methods that interest them.

scholarly journals The riverine bioreactor: An integrative perspective on biological decomposition of organic matter across riverine habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 145494
Author(s):  
Ignacio Peralta-Maraver ◽  
Rachel Stubbington ◽  
Shai Arnon ◽  
Pavel Kratina ◽  
Stefan Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Riverine Habitats ◽  
Biological Decomposition

scholarly journals Syngenetic rapid growth of ellipsoidal silica concretions with bitumen cores

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekazu Yoshida ◽  
Ryusei Kuma ◽  
Hitoshi Hasegawa ◽  
Nagayoshi Katsuta ◽  
Sin-iti Sirono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Early Diagenesis ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Carbon Preference Index ◽  
Diffusion Growth ◽  
Silica Precipitation ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Diagram

AbstractIsolated silica concretions in calcareous sediments have unique shapes and distinct sharp boundaries and are considered to form by diagenesis of biogenic siliceous grains. However, the details and rates of syngenetic formation of these spherical concretions are still not fully clear. Here we present a model for concretion growth by diffusion, with chemical buffering involving decomposition of organic matter leading to a pH change in the pore-water and preservation of residual bitumen cores in the concretions. The model is compatible with some pervasive silica precipitation. Based on the observed elemental distributions, C, N, S, bulk carbon isotope and carbon preference index (CPI) measurements of the silica-enriched concretions, bitumen cores and surrounding calcareous rocks, the rate of diffusive concretion growth during early diagenesis is shown using a diffusion-growth diagram. This approach reveals that ellipsoidal SiO2 concretions with a diameter of a few cm formed rapidly and the precipitated silica preserved the bitumen cores. Our work provides a generalized chemical buffering model involving organic matter that can explain the rapid syngenetic growth of other types of silica accumulation in calcareous sediments.

INFLUENCE OF SOIL ACIDITY UPON THE DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN SOILS

Soil Science ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. WHITE ◽  
F. J. HOLBEN ◽  
C. D. JEFFRIES
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter

The impact of porosity on organic matter cycling in a two-dimensional porous medium 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanbang Zou ◽  
Pelle Ohlsson ◽  
Edith Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Pore Network ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Cycling ◽  
The Impact

<p>Carbon sequestration has been a popular research topic in recent years as the rapid elevation of carbon emission has significantly impacted our climate. Apart from carbon capture and storage in e.g. oil reservoirs, soil carbon sequestration offers a long term and safe solution for the environment and human beings. The net soil carbon budget is determined by the balance between terrestrial ecosystem sink and sources of respiration to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Carbon can be long term stored as organic matters in the soil whereas it can be released from the decomposition of organic matter. The complex pore networks in the soil are believed to be able to "protect" microbial-derived organic matter from decomposition. Therefore, it is important to understand how soil structure impacts organic matter cycling at the pore scale. However, there are limited experimental studies on understanding the mechanism of physical stabilization of organic matter. Hence, my project plan is to create a heterogeneous microfluidic porous microenvironment to mimic the complex soil pore network which allows us to investigate the ability of organisms to access spaces starting from an initial ecophysiological precondition to changes of spatial accessibility mediated by interactions with the microbial community.</p><p>Microfluidics is a powerful tool that enables studies of fundamental physics, rapid measurements and real-time visualisation in a complex spatial microstructure that can be designed and controlled. Many complex processes can now be visualized enabled by the development of microfluidics and photolithography, such as microbial dynamics in pore-scale soil systems and pore network modification mimicking different soil environments – earlier considered impossible to achieve experimentally. The microfluidic channel used in this project contains a random distribution of cylindrical pillars of different sizes so as to mimic the variations found in real soil. The randomness in the design creates various spatial availability for microbes (preferential flow paths with dead-end or continuous flow) as an invasion of liquids proceeds into the pore with the lowest capillary entry pressure. In order to study the impact of different porosity in isolation of varying heterogeneity of the porous medium, different pore size chips that use the same randomly generated pore network is created. Those chips have the same location of the pillars, but the relative size of each pillar is scaled. The experiments will be carried out using sterile cultures of fluorescent bacteria, fungi and protists, synthetic communities of combinations of these, or a whole soil community inoculum. We will quantify the consumption of organic matter from the different areas via fluorescent substrates, and the bio-/necromass produced. We hypothesise that lower porosity will reduce the net decomposition of organic matter as the narrower pore throat limits the access, and that net decomposition rate at the main preferential path will be higher than inside branches</p>

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