Food Intake Regulation in Body Weight Management

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen J. Melanson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation

scholarly journals Prolactin-releasing peptide: a new tool for obesity treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. R51-R58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Kuneš ◽  
Veronika Pražienková ◽  
Andrea Popelová ◽  
Barbora Mikulášková ◽  
Jana Zemenová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Obesity Treatment ◽  
Noninvasive Therapy ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation ◽  
Prolactin Releasing Peptide ◽  
The Brain

Obesity is an escalating epidemic, but an effective noninvasive therapy is still scarce. For obesity treatment, anorexigenic neuropeptides are promising tools, but their delivery from the periphery to the brain is complicated because peptides have a low stability and limited ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. In this review, we summarize results of several studies with our newly designed lipidized analogs of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP). PrRP is involved in feeding and energy balance regulation as demonstrated by obesity phenotypes of both PrRP- and PrRP-receptor-knockout mice. Lipidized PrRP analogs showed binding affinity and signaling in PrRP receptor-expressing cells similar to natural PrRP. Moreover, these analogs showed high binding affinity also to anorexigenic neuropeptide FF (NPFF)-2 receptor. Acute peripheral administration of myristoylated and palmitoylated PrRP analogs to mice and rats induced strong and long-lasting anorexigenic effects and neuronal activation in the brain areas involved in food intake regulation. Two-week-long subcutaneous administration of palmitoylated PrRP31 and myristoylated PrRP20 lowered food intake, body weight, improved metabolic parameters and attenuated lipogenesis in mice with diet-induced obesity. A strong anorexigenic, body weight-reducing and glucose tolerance-improving effect of palmitoylated-PrRP31 was shown also in diet-induced obese rats after its repeated 2-week-long peripheral administration. Thus, the strong anorexigenic and body weight-reducing effects of palmitoylated PrRP31 and myristoylated PrRP20 make these analogs attractive candidates for antiobesity treatment. Moreover, PrRP receptor might be a new target for obesity therapy.

scholarly journals Choline and Folic Acid Balance in Diets During Pregnancy Programs Food Intake Regulation in Wistar Rat Offspring (FS08-05-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola Hammoud ◽  
Chih-Sheng Liao ◽  
Emanuela Pannia ◽  
Mandy Ho ◽  
Neil Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation

Abstract Objectives High gestational folic acid (FA) induces an obesogenic phenotype in male Wistar rat offspring. Imbalances between FA and other methyl-nutrients (i.e., choline) leading to perturbations in the 1-carbon cycle may account for the effects of high FA diets. Canadian women consume high (2–7-fold) intakes of FA, but most are not meeting recommended adequate intakes for choline. Choline is also absent from Canadian prenatal supplements. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of the interaction between choline and FA in maternal diets of rats on the 1-carbon cycle, and the programming of food intake, body weight gain and biomarkers of obesity in the offspring later in life. Methods Pregnant Wistar rat dams were fed the AIN-93 G diet with recommended (1X) choline and FA (RCRF, control), or a 5X FA diet with either 0.5X choline (LCHF), 1X choline (RCHF), or 2.5X choline (HCHF). Brain and blood were collected at birth. At weaning one male pup/dam from all groups was maintained on the control diet for 20 weeks then terminated. Dependent measures include weekly body weight-gain and food intake, plasma glucoregulatory hormones and 1-carbon metabolites at birth and post-weaning. Results Increasing choline content to 2.5-fold in a high (5-fold) gestational FA diet (HCHF) led to lower plasma insulin and leptin levels at birth compared to the LCHF and RCHF diets, respectively (P < 0.05). It also led to lower (25%, P = 0.03) plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate concentrations at birth compared to the RCHF diet, suggesting more efficient utilization of FA. Offspring born to dams maintained on a high folic acid diet with either low or recommended choline had higher weekly food intake (6%, P < 0.05) and body weight-gain (9%, P < 0.01). In contrast, offspring from dams fed the HCHF gestational diet were not different from those born to dams fed the RCRF (control) diet, highlighting the mitigating effects of a balanced choline and FA gestational diet. Conclusions Increased intakes of choline mitigate the effects of high FA diets. Maternal dietary choline interacts with FA on the long-term programming of food intake regulation in the offspring; emphasizing a need for more attention to improving choline intakes by women of child-bearing age. Funding Sources This research was funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research, Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes (CIHR-INMD).

scholarly journals Interleukin-7, a New Cytokine Targeting the Mouse Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus: Role in Body Weight and Food Intake Regulation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e9953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Macia ◽  
Odile Viltart ◽  
Myriam Delacre ◽  
Christelle Sachot ◽  
Laurent Héliot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Interleukin 7 ◽  
Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation

scholarly journals Minireview: Finding the Sweet Spot: Peripheral Versus Central Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Action in Feeding and Glucose Homeostasis

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (7) ◽  
pp. 2997-3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Sweet Spot ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Intake Regulation ◽  
The Brain

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is both a gut-derived hormone and a neurotransmitter synthesized in the brain. Early reports suggested that GLP-1 acts in the periphery to promote insulin secretion and affect glucose homeostasis, whereas central GLP-1 reduces food intake and body weight. However, current research indicates that in fact, GLP-1 in each location plays a role in these functions. This review summarizes the evidence for involvement of peripheral and brain GLP-1 in food intake regulation and glucose homeostasis and proposes a model for the coordinated actions of GLP-1 at multiple sites.

scholarly journals Signals from intra-abdominal fat modulate insulin and leptin sensitivity through different mechanisms: Neuronal involvement in food-intake regulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Yamada ◽  
Hideki Katagiri ◽  
Yasushi Ishigaki ◽  
Takehide Ogihara ◽  
Junta Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation

scholarly journals The long-chain fatty acid receptors FFA1 and FFA4 are involved in food intake regulation in fish brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (17) ◽  
pp. jeb227330
Author(s):  
Cristina Velasco ◽  
Marta Conde-Sieira ◽  
Sara Comesaña ◽  
Mauro Chivite ◽  
Adrián Díaz-Rúa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Fish Brain ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Receptors ◽  
Intake Regulation ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACTWe hypothesized that the free fatty acid receptors FFA1 and FFA4 might be involved in the anorectic response observed in fish after rising levels of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) such as oleate. In one experiment we demonstrated that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatment of rainbow trout with FFA1 and FFA4 agonists elicited an anorectic response 2, 6 and 24 h after treatment. In a second experiment, the same i.c.v. treatment resulted after 2 h in an enhancement in the mRNA abundance of anorexigenic neuropeptides pomca1 and cartpt and a decrease in the values of orexigenic peptides npy and agrp1. These changes occurred in parallel with those observed in the mRNA abundance and/or protein levels of the transcription factors Creb, Bsx and FoxO1, protein levels and phosphorylation status of Ampkα and Akt, and mRNA abundance of plcb1 and itrp3. Finally, we assessed in a third experiment the response of all these parameters after 2 h of i.c.v. treatment with oleate (the endogenous ligand of both free fatty acid receptors) alone or in the presence of FFA1 and FFA4 antagonists. Most effects of oleate disappeared in the presence of FFA1 and FFA4 antagonists. The evidence obtained supports the involvement of FFA1 and FFA4 in fatty acid sensing in fish brain, and thus involvement in food intake regulation through mechanisms not exactly comparable (differential response of neuropeptides and cellular signalling) to those known in mammals.

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