Medulloblastomas With Favorable Versus Unfavorable Histology: How Many Small Blue Cell Tumor Types are There in the Brain?

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Perry
Keyword(s):  
Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Petra Korać ◽  
Mariastefania Antica ◽  
Maja Matulić

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA involved in the regulation of specific mRNA translation. They participate in cellular signaling circuits and can act as oncogenes in tumor development, so-called oncomirs, as well as tumor suppressors. miR-7 is an ancient miRNA involved in the fine-tuning of several signaling pathways, acting mainly as tumor suppressor. Through downregulation of PI3K and MAPK pathways, its dominant role is the suppression of proliferation and survival, stimulation of apoptosis and inhibition of migration. Besides these functions, it has numerous additional roles in the differentiation process of different cell types, protection from stress and chromatin remodulation. One of the most investigated tissues is the brain, where its downregulation is linked with glioblastoma cell proliferation. Its deregulation is found also in other tumor types, such as in liver, lung and pancreas. In some types of lung and oral carcinoma, it can act as oncomir. miR-7 roles in cell fate determination and maintenance of cell homeostasis are still to be discovered, as well as the possibilities of its use as a specific biotherapeutic.


1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Valli ◽  
B. J. Mcsherry ◽  
B. M. Dunham ◽  
R. M. Jacobs ◽  
J. H. Lumsden

In a retrospective study of lymphomas in animals, tumors in 72 dogs, 81 cats and 90 cows were classified on the basis of cell size (small, medium and large), nuclear cleavage (follicular center cells), and histologic architecture (nodular or diffuse). Each subtype was classified by age of animal at death, number of metastases, breed, and sex. As in man, nodular cleaved tumors are rare in animals, the cow having the most varied tumor types. There was one cleaved-cell tumor in 72 lymphomas in dogs, 23 of 81 in cats, and 33 of 90 in cows. There were six nodular tumors of 72 in dogs, two of 81 in cats, and eight of 90 in cows. Fifteen of 16 nodular lymphomas had noncleaved cells and twelve had small or predominantly small cells. Cats with nodular lymphomas were older at death than cats with diffuse lymphomas. Nodularity was not associated with greater age at death in dogs and cows. Animals with cleaved-cell lymphomas were older at death than those with noncleaved tumors; this difference was highly significant in cows. The number of metastases was greater with nodular tumors in all three species, and was equal in cleaved and noncleaved tumors. The biological behaviour of lymphoid tumors in animals is similar to those in man when the same criteria of classification are used.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Parsa ◽  
Robert Orlando ◽  
Michael Marcus ◽  
Jin Guo ◽  
Ravin Rupani

ABSTRACT Malignancies characterized histologically by high-grade monotonous small round blue cells (SRBCs) belong to a heterogeneous group of neoplasms often referred to as Ewing family of tumors. The most common molecular confirmation of these neoplasms is by fusions between EWSR1 gene on chromosome 22 and the ETS family of transcription factors, including FLI1 gene (11q24) and the ERG (21q22), that are implicated in the development of different tissues as well as cancer progression. In this article, we present a case of highly aggressive extraskeletal SRBC tumor involving the foot of a 24-year-old male with sole molecular findings of mutations in KAT6A, NAV3 and SMARCA1 genes with high expression of soft tissue markers (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1) and MYC mRNA. To our knowledge, this unique mutational pattern has not previously been described in SRBCs.


2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Sakellaridis ◽  
Helen Mahera ◽  
Spiros Pomonis

✓The purpose of this report is to demonstrate that synovial sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of tumors originating from the lumbar spine, especially if they show hemangiopericytoma-like pathological characteristics. A synovial sarcoma is a mesenchymal spindle cell tumor that displays variable epithelial differentiation including glandular formation. It is unrelated to a synovium. More than 80% of these lesions arise in the deep soft tissue of the extremities. The tumor frequently arises adjacent to joints or tendon sheaths. The authors describe a young woman with a hemangiopericytoma-like tumor of the lumbar spine. During repeated operation, this lesion was shown to be a synovial sarcoma, which had invaded the dura mater. The tumor metastasized to the mediastinum and the intradural cervical spine and, finally, to the brain and the lungs. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of a synovial sarcoma originating from the lumbar spine.


Neurosurgery ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Jelsma ◽  
Michael Carroll

Abstract The prognosis for patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis is good, even when extensive metastatic disease is present, because this tumor is very sensitive to chemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB). If a metastasis occurs in the brain, however, the prognosis is poor because the blood-brain barrier limits the entrance of these drugs into the brain and creates a sanctuary for tumor. The current treatment for a brain metastasis is either standard PVB chemotherapy plus whole brain radiation therapy or a rigorous chemotheraputic regimen that penetrates the blood-brain barrier better than PVB. Surgery is seldom used for brain metastasis, largely because of the poor results with surgical debulking in noncentral nervous system disease. This is the report of a patient with disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumor and multiple large brain metastases, who was treated with surgery, PVB, and whole brain radiation therapy and cured. Evidence is presented to support a role for surgical debulking in patients with large brain metastasis.


2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Walters ◽  
Stewart C. Little ◽  
Richard B. Hessler ◽  
Christine G. Gourin

1996 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ikura ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
M. Ohgami ◽  
T. Ikebe ◽  
K. Gotoh ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alabdulsalam ◽  
Syed Z. A. Zaidi ◽  
Imran Tailor ◽  
Yasser Orz ◽  
Sadeq Al-Dandan

Primary Burkitt lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare, with only few cases reported in the literature. An 18 year-old immunocompetent male presented with multiple cranial nerves palsies and was found to have a mass predominantly in the 4th ventricle of the brain. Tumor was surgically removed and showed morphological and immunohistochemical features consistent with Burkitt lymphoma. The patient responded very well to anthracycline based chemotherapy with high dose methotrexate (HD MTX) and intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy delivered by Ommaya reservoir. Primary Burkitt lymphoma of the CNS is a rare entity that poses differential diagnostic challenge with other small round blue cell tumors.


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