scholarly journals Real-time Closed-loop Control in a Rodent Model of Medically Induced Coma Using Burst Suppression

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShiNung Ching ◽  
Max Y. Liberman ◽  
Jessica J. Chemali ◽  
M. Brandon Westover ◽  
Jonathan D. Kenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Burst Suppression ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Proportional Integral Controller

Abstract Background: A medically induced coma is an anesthetic state of profound brain inactivation created to treat status epilepticus and to provide cerebral protection after traumatic brain injuries. The authors hypothesized that a closed-loop anesthetic delivery system could automatically and precisely control the electroencephalogram state of burst suppression and efficiently maintain a medically induced coma. Methods: In six rats, the authors implemented a closed-loop anesthetic delivery system for propofol consisting of: a computer-controlled pump infusion, a two-compartment pharmacokinetics model defining propofol’s electroencephalogram effects, the burst-suppression probability algorithm to compute in real time from the electroencephalogram the brain’s burst-suppression state, an online parameter-estimation procedure and a proportional-integral controller. In the control experiment each rat was randomly assigned to one of the six burst-suppression probability target trajectories constructed by permuting the burst-suppression probability levels of 0.4, 0.65, and 0.9 with linear transitions between levels. Results: In each animal the controller maintained approximately 60 min of tight, real-time control of burst suppression by tracking each burst-suppression probability target level for 15 min and two between-level transitions for 5–10 min. The posterior probability that the closed-loop anesthetic delivery system was reliable across all levels was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.77–1.00; n = 18) and that the system was accurate across all levels was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.84–1.00; n = 18). Conclusion: The findings of this study establish the feasibility of using a closed-loop anesthetic delivery systems to achieve in real time reliable and accurate control of burst suppression in rodents and suggest a paradigm to precisely control medically induced coma in patients.

scholarly journals A closed-loop anesthetic delivery system for real-time control of burst suppression

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 046004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Y Liberman ◽  
ShiNung Ching ◽  
Jessica Chemali ◽  
Emery N Brown
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Burst Suppression ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control

UDP Network Communications for Wireless Control With Loop Coordination

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Kawka ◽  
Nicholas J. Ploplys ◽  
Andrew G. Alleyne
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Communication Framework ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Wireless Control ◽  
Shared Goal ◽  
Communication Scheme

With the advent of Bluetooth and wireless 802.11 Ethernet protocols having transmission speeds up to 54 Mbps, wireless communication for closed-loop control is becoming more and more achievable. Some researchers have utilized Bluetooth networks for wireless control, resulting in successful stabilization of an unstable plant with a network controller. Previously, the authors of this paper developed a novel event-based control with time-based sensing and actuation communication method using 11 Mbps wireless Ethernet with the user datagram protocol (UDP). Near real-time control of an unstable Furuta pendulum with up to 250 Hz closed loop bandwidth was obtained using off the shelf hardware, Matlab, and Windows 2000 operating systems. The present work extends that communication scheme to two independent wireless loops that share a mutual goal, making additional communication between the two controllers advantageous. The communication framework for the coupled control in this ad hoc peer-to-peer network is presented along with some practical limitations. Data from a physical system implementing this framework demonstrates its effectiveness in application. The test plant couples a simple light tracking plant with a Furuta pendulum and a shared goal of maintaining line of sight (LOS) under normal conditions as well as reestablishing LOS in the case of lost contact due to sudden obstacles.

Evaluation of a Low-Cost Microcontroller for Real-Time Control Education and Prototyping

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Serial Communication ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Active User ◽  
Bode Plots ◽  
Control Education

Arduino microcontrollers are popular, low-cost, easy-to-program, and have an active user community. This paper seeks to quantitatively assess whether or not Arduinos are a good fit for real-time feedback control experiments and controls education. Bode plots and serial echo tests are used to assess the use of Arduinos in two scenarios: a prototyping mode that involves bidirectional real-time serial communication with a PC and a hybrid mode that streams data in real-time over serial. The closed-loop performance with the Arduino is comparable to that of another more complicated and more expensive microcontroller for the plant considered. Some practical tips on using an Arduino for real-time feedback control are also given.

Design and Implementation of a Kind of Intelligent Electric Blanket Temperature Control System

2013 ◽  
Vol 432 ◽  
pp. 447-452
Author(s):  
Rong Li ◽  
Zhe Ming Duan ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Bing Chao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Relay Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Control Relay ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Temperature control is the key problem in the design and manufacture of electric blankets. In order to solve current technological failure to real-time control of the temperature of electric blanket, this paper applies technical means of DS18B20 temperature acquisition and relay control temperature heating, together with key circuit, display circuit as well as other auxiliary circuit, and the system achieved electric blanket working temperature real-time intelligent control. Relay output controlled the temperature closed loop control by single-chip microcomputer, and a new type of intelligent temperature control technology of electric blanket is developed, real-time temperature control is enhanced, which improved the security and energy conservation of electric blanket.

Research on Airbags Overturning Device due to the PID Closed-Loop Control Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 313-314 ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
De Qiang Zhang ◽  
Li Ying Su ◽  
Duo Xing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Pressure Control System

Based on S7-200 PLC, pressure sensors and amplifiers, this paper uses PID instruction to establish the closed-loop pressure control system of the required thrust in turning airbags. So in the automatic overturning airbags, it is capable to real-time control the push rods running status.

scholarly journals Real time control of curved laser welding processes by cellular neural networks (CNN): first results

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nicolosi ◽  
R. Tetzlaff
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Laser Beam Welding ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Welding Processes

Abstract. In the last decades the laser beam welding (LBW) has outclassed older welding techniques in the industrial scenario. Despite the improvement in welding technology, sophisticated methods of fault detection are not commonly used in commercially available equipments yet. A recent analysis of process images have revealed the possibility to build up a real time closed loop control system. By the use of image based quality features, a feedback signal can be provided to maintain the process in the desired state. The development of the presented visual control system has been focused on the adjustment of the laser power according to the detection of the so called full penetration hole. Due to the high dynamics of the laser welding, a fast real time image processing with controlling rates in the multi kilo Hertz range is necessary to have a robust feedback control. In this paper an algorithm for the real time control of welding processes is described. It has been implemented on the Eye-RIS v1.2, a visual system which mounts a cellular structure. By applying this algorithm in real time applications, controlling rates of about 7 kHz can be reached. In the following some real time control results are also described.

In-Cycle Closed Loop Control of the Fuel Injection on a 1-Cylinder Heavy Duty CI-Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes-Go¨ran Zander ◽  
Per Tunesta˚l ◽  
Ola Stenla˚a˚s ◽  
Bengt Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Proportional Controller ◽  
Polytropic Exponent

The focus of this article is on implementation of real time combustion control by using an FPGA. The feedback used for the controller is the heat release. Due to the desire to avoid using division on the FPGA an alternative way of calculating the polytropic exponent is investigated. When this method is compared against using a constant exponent it shows less fluctuations in regards to cycle to cycle variations when calculating the heat release. A dual injection strategy is used and real time control is implemented on the second fuel injection. The calculated heat release is continuously compared with a reference and then the difference is converted to a duration correction of the fuel injection. This is done by a proportional controller which is initiated after the start of the second injection. By adding a perturbation on the first fuel injection the controller is shown to compensate during the second and thereby decreasing the cycle to cycle variations.

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