Intravenous Augmentative Valproate Versus Delorazepam in Bipolar Patients With a Major Depressive Mixed Episode and Partial/Nonresponse to Oral Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Buoli ◽  
Alessandro Ceresa ◽  
Jennifer L. Barkin ◽  
Carolina Weston ◽  
Francesco Mucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Mixed Episode ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Intravenous ketamine for rapid treatment of major depressive disorder in the general medical hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e239587
Author(s):  
Siobhan Helen Gee ◽  
Camille Wratten ◽  
Ruth Cairns ◽  
Alastair Santhouse ◽  
David Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Mental Health Settings ◽  
Intravenous Ketamine ◽  
Rapid Treatment

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common in general medical settings, and can usually be treated with conventional oral antidepressants. For some patients, however, oral treatment is refused or not possible, and the untreated symptoms can have a significant impact on the treatment of the acute medical problem. Use of intravenous ketamine has been widely reported in mental health settings for the treatment of MDD. We describe use of intravenous ketamine in a general medical hospital for the treatment of MDD in an 83-year-old male patient who refused food, fluid and medical investigations following a stroke.

Socio-Cultural Parameters in Yoruba Nigerian Patients with Affective Disorders

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. A. Makanjuola
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Manic Disorder ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Manic Patients

One hundred and ten consecutive new patients presenting with major affective disorders were divided into five categories according to pattern of presentation: recurrent manic disorder, recurrent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, single episodes of manic disorder, and single episodes of major depressive disorder. Manic patients predominated, and recurrent manic disorder was much more frequent than either recurrent depressive or bipolar disorder. The manic and bipolar patients were younger. Females predominanted in all five groups of patients. The two manic groups were less likely to be married, but this was probably a reflection of their younger age. No differences were demonstrated with regard to educational status or occupation. There were no significant differences with regard to sibship position, family size, or polygamous/monogamous parents. Manic patients were more likely to have suffered permanent separation from one or both parents before the age of 12 years. A relatively low proportion of the patients had a positive history of mental disorder among first- or second-degree relatives. Manic and bipolar patients tended to present in hospital relatively early in their illness.

Characterization of rapid cycling bipolar patients presenting with major depressive episode within the BRIDGE‐II‐MIX study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Antonietta Furio ◽  
Dina Popovic ◽  
Eduard Vieta ◽  
Yelena Stukalin ◽  
Michal Hagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Rapid Cycling ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Change of cliinical features of bipolar i disorder on a year-over-year basis in patients hospitalized in Imam Hossein Hospital during years of 1991 to 2006

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 218-218
Author(s):  
A. Kia ◽  
S.M. Samimi Ardestani
Keyword(s):  
Manic Episode ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Episode ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv

IntroductionBipolar I Disorder (BID) might be diagnosed primarily as schizophrenia or major depressive disorder in children and adolescents due to unstable or vague symptoms. The depressive phase not yet followed by a manic or mixed episode in either adults or adolescents may lead to an early misdiagnosis. The concept of mixed episode as a manic episode intruding on previous depressive traits puts emphasis on early managements that may lead to a mixed episode.ObjectivesAssess of changes in clinical features of BID.AimsTo determine the frequency of mixed and manic phase of BID and assess change in rate of mixed versus manic episode on a year-over-year basis.MethodsStudy is a cross sectional study performed on 322 patients diagnosed with BID hospitalized in the psychiatric ward of Imam Hossein Hospital during the years of 1991 to 2006. Each episode was considered as an individual case. A single psychiatrist used DSM IV-TR criteria to differentiate a mixed episode from a manic one.ResultsAmong 322 patients, 117 were cases of mixed episode and 205 patients were diagnosed as manic episode. Year-over-year comparisons showed an increasing rate of the diagnosis of mixed episode during the course of the study.ConclusionsThe increased rate of the diagnosis of the mixed episode during the period of the study drives attention to all the probable factors that might have a role on the subsequent changes of the clinical feature of BID toward mixed episode.

scholarly journals Overdiagnosis of Bipolar Disorder: A Critical Analysis of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna A. Ghouse ◽  
Marsal Sanches ◽  
Giovana Zunta-Soares ◽  
Alan C. Swann ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Bipolar disorder (BD) is considered one of the most disabling mental conditions, with high rates of morbidity, disability, and premature death from suicide. Although BD is often misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder, some attention has recently been drawn to the possibility that BD could be overdiagnosed in some settings. The present paper focuses on a critical analysis of the overdiagnosis issue among bipolar patients. It includes a review of the available literature findings, followed by some recommendations aiming at optimizing the diagnosis of BD and increasing its reliability.

Disrupting life events and the sleep-wake cycle in depression

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA L. HAYNES ◽  
JOHN R. McQUAID ◽  
SONIA ANCOLI-ISRAEL ◽  
JENNIFER L. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Normal Controls

Background. Social rhythm disruption life events are significant predictors of mood relapse in bipolar patients. However, no research has examined the relationship between these events and their hypothesized mechanism of action: disrupted sleep-wake patterns. The goal of this study was to test whether participants with major depressive disorder have a greater disruption of daily sleep and motor activity following disrupting life events when compared to normal controls.Method. Over the course of 2 weeks, 39 normal controls and 39 individuals with major depressive disorder completed life events interviews and wore actigraphs to obtain estimates of sleep/wake activity.Results. Statistically significant interactions indicated that the presence of at least one disrupting life event in the previous 4 months correlated with elevations in the amount of time spent awake after sleep onset [β=0·45, ΔF(1,73)=4·80, p<0·05], and decreases in the percentage of time spent asleep [β=−0·53, ΔF(1,73)=6·57, p<0·05], in depressed individuals but not in normal controls.Conclusions. The results indicated that depressed individuals may be more susceptible to the effects of life events on sleep than normal controls. This is the first study to date to correlate life events with objective measures of sleep. However, prospective longitudinal research is necessary to clarify the temporal relationship among these variables.

scholarly journals Examination and Comparison of Cognitive and Executive Functions in Clinically Stable Schizophrenia Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Behrooz Afshari ◽  
Nasrin Shiri ◽  
Fatemeh Sadat Ghoreishi ◽  
Mohtasham Valianpour
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Executive Dysfunctions

Background. Schizophrenia (SC), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with various cognitive and executive dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare cognitive and executive dysfunctions in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Materials and Methods. Sixty-four schizophrenia patients, 68 bipolar patients, 62 patients with major depressive disorder, and 75 healthy individuals participated in the present study. All participants were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Trial Making Test (TMT), Four-Choice Reaction Time Task, Ruler Drop Method (RDM), Tower of London (TOL) task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST). Data were analyzed by chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and independent t -tests; ANOVA; and MANOVA. Results. In the cognitive function, the scores of SC, BD, and MDD patients were lower than those of healthy individuals. Also, the scores of MDD patients were lower than those of other patients, and the scores of BD patients were lower than those of SC patients. In the executive function, the scores of SC, BD, and MDD patients were lower than those of healthy individuals. Moreover, the scores of the MDD group were higher than those of the BD and SC groups, and the scores of the SC group were higher than those of the BD group. Conclusion. Patients with SC, BD, and MDD have poorer cognitive and executive functions than healthy individuals, even when these patients are in a stable state. Assessment of cognitive and executive functions in SC, BD, and MDD patients can help in understanding the pathology of these disorders.

The treatment of bipolar mixed states

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kittel-Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Mixed States ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Definition of mixed episodes has changed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) (DSM-5). A mixed feature specifier can be added not only to major depressive episodes and manic episodes in bipolar patients but also to hypomanic episodes in bipolar II patients and major depressive episode in major depressive disorder. Atypical antipsychotics seem to be effective in acute treatment as well as valproate and carbamazepine. Regarding prophylaxis of mixed states, monotherapy with valproate, olanzapine and quetiapine seems to prevent mixed episodes. Adjunctive therapy with valproate or lithium to quetiapine has also proven to be effective in prophylaxis of mixed episodes. In patients who suffer from pharmacotherapy-resistant mixed episodes electroconvulsive therapy can lead to response/remission. There is a lack of randomized controlled clinical trials investigating pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments with focus on mixed states of bipolar patients, especially according to the DSM-5 definition.

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