Single-Leg Squat as a Tool to Evaluate Young Athletesʼ Frontal Plane Knee Control

Aim: Study concurrent validity of a new sensor-based 3D motion capture (MoCap) tool to register knee, hip and spine joint angles during the single leg squat. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Forty-four physically active (Tegner ≥ 5) subjects (age 22.8 (±3.3)) Main outcome measures: Sagittal and frontal plane trunk, hip and knee angles at peak knee flexion. The sensor-based system consisted of 4 active (triaxial accelerometric, gyroscopic and geomagnetic) sensors wirelessly connected with an iPad. A conventional passive tracking 3D MoCap (OptiTrack) system served as gold standard. Results: All sagittal plane measurement correlations observed were very strong for the knee and hip (r = 0.929–0.988, p < 0.001). For sagittal plane spine assessment, the correlations were moderate (r = 0.708–0.728, p < 0.001). Frontal plane measurement correlations were moderate in size for the hip (ρ = 0.646–0.818, p < 0.001) and spine (ρ = 0.613–0.827, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The 3-D MoCap tool has good to excellent criterion validity for sagittal and frontal plane angles occurring in the knee, hip and spine during the single leg squat. This allows bringing this type of easily accessible MoCap technology outside laboratory settings.

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Core muscles thickness is not associated with knee frontal plane projection angle during single-leg squat in healthy people

Gait & Posture ◽

10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.06.015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 292-297

Author(s):

Luan Fitarelli ◽

Giovana Ramos ◽

Felipe Scudiero ◽

Rodrigo Rabello ◽

Rodrigo Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Frontal Plane ◽

Healthy People ◽

Projection Angle ◽

Plane Projection ◽

Single Leg Squat

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A cross-sectional study to assess variability in knee frontal plane movement during single leg squat in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies ◽

10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.07.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wataru Fukuda ◽

Kenji Kawamura ◽

Shigeki Yokoyama ◽

Yusuke Kataoka ◽

Yutaro Ikeno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ligament Injury ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Single Leg Squat ◽

Anterior Cruciate

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Lower Extremity Kinematics of a Single-Leg Squat with an Orthotic in Male and Female Collegiate Athletes

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.2013-0010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 361-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael F. Joseph ◽

Kristin L. Holsing ◽

David Tiberio

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Male And Female ◽

Ankle Eversion ◽

Female Collegiate Athletes ◽

Single Leg Squat

Kinematic differences have been linked to the gender discrepancies seen in knee injuries. A medially posted orthotic decreases frontal and transverse plane motions in the lower extremity during ambulation, squatting and landing. This study investigated the effect of a medial post on amount and timing of lower extremity motions during a single-leg squat in male and female athletes. We hypothesized there would be differences in these kinematic variables dependent upon sex and post conditions. Twenty male and female athletes performed single-leg squats with and without a five degree full-length medial post. Maximum joint angles were analyzed using a two-way, repeated-measures analysis of variance to determine if the differences created by post condition were statistically significant, whether there were gender differences, or interactions. Differences in maximum motion values and the time at which they occurred were found between men and women at the hip, knee and ankle. The post decreased all frontal plane measures in both sexes and resulted in earlier attainment of maximum ankle eversion and delayed maximum knee valgus. A medially posted orthotic may be beneficial not only in limiting motion, but in affecting the time in which stressful motions occur.

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Reliability of 2-Dimensional Video Assessment of Frontal-Plane Dynamic Knee Valgus During Common Athletic Screening Tasks

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.21.1.7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Allan Munro ◽

Lee Herrington ◽

Michael Carolan

Keyword(s):

Measurement Error ◽

Video Analysis ◽

Outcome Measurement ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Individual Performance ◽

Knee Valgus ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Single Leg Squat

Context:Two-dimensional (2D) video analysis of frontal-plane dynamic knee valgus during common athletic screening tasks has been purported to identify individuals who may be at high risk of suffering knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament tear or patellofemoral pain syndrome. Although the validity of 2D video analysis has been studied, the associated reliability and measurement error have not.Objective:To assess the reliability and associated measurement error of a 2D video analysis of lower limb dynamic valgus.Design:Reliability study.Participants:20 recreationally active university students (10 women age 21.5 ± 2.3 y, height 170.1 ± 6.1 cm, weight 66.2 ± 10.2 kg, and 10 men age 22.6 ± 3.1 y, height 177.9 ± 6.0 cm, weight 75.8 ± 7.9 kg).Main Outcome Measurement:Within-day and between-days reliability and measurement-error values of 2D frontal-plane projection angle (FPPA) during common screening tasks.Interventions:Participants performed single-leg squat and drop jump and single-leg landings from a standard 28-cm step with standard 2D digital video camera assessment.Results:Women demonstrated significantly higher FPPA in all tests except the left single-leg squat. Within-day ICCs showed good reliability and ranged from .59 to .88, and between-days ICCs were good to excellent, ranging from .72 to .91. Standard error of measurement and smallest detectable difference values ranged from 2.72° to 3.01° and 7.54° to 8.93°, respectively.Conclusions:2D FPPA has previously been shown to be valid and has now also been shown to be a reliable measure of lower extremity dynamic knee valgus. Using the measurement error values presented along with previously published normative data, clinicians can now make informed judgments about individual performance and changes in performance resulting from interventions.

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NO ASSOCIATION AMONG GLUTEUS MEDIUS ACTIVITY, HIP ABDUCTION STRENGTH, AND KINEMATIC VARIABLES DURING SINGLE-LEG SQUAT IN YOUNG WOMEN WITH CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN

Journal of Musculoskeletal Research ◽

10.1142/s0218957720500165 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2050016

Author(s):

Leonardo Intelangelo ◽

Diego Bordachar ◽

Cristian Mendoza ◽

Nicolás Bevacqua ◽

Alexandre Carvalho Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Young Women ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Gluteus Medius ◽

Control Group ◽

Electromyographic Activity ◽

Adult Women ◽

Low Back ◽

Single Leg Squat

Background: Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) is the leading cause of long-term pain and disability. There is evidence suggesting a relationship between CNSLBP in adult women and altered hip kinematics and gluteus medius (GM) muscle function. However, this association has been less studied in young women. Objective: To assess the association between lower limb and pelvis kinematics in the frontal plane, and GM strength and electromyographic activity in young women with CNSLBP compared with an age-matched control group of asymptomatic women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 32 young women with CNSLBP ([Formula: see text] months of pain; Oswestry index range: 21–40%) and 20 healthy age-matched women were included. The frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) and contralateral pelvis drop (CPD) at the endpoint of the single-leg squat (SLS) test were measured through photogrammetry. Mean GM muscle activity during the SLS and peak isometric GM strength was measured using surface electromyography (sEMG) and hand-held dynamometry, respectively. Results: The Hotelling’s trace showed no significant differences between groups when the variables were considered as a composite ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]). Also, the univariate results showed no individual differences between groups considering each variable separately. Conclusions: The results showed no association between CNSLBP, hip and pelvis kinematics, and GM strength and activity in young women.

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Relationship Between Hip Muscle Activation and Frontal Plane Knee Motion During a Single - Leg Squat.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000494398.33109.e2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 408

Author(s):

Shawn Felton ◽

Kristen Curtis ◽

Thomas Bevins ◽

Rachelle Yusufbekov

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activation ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Knee Motion ◽

Hip Muscle ◽

Single Leg Squat

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Validity and reliability of 2-dimensional trunk, hip, and knee frontal plane kinematics during single-leg squat, drop jump, and single-leg hop in females with patellofemoral pain

Physical Therapy in Sport ◽

10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.07.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brianna Kingston ◽

Amanda Murray ◽

Grant E. Norte ◽

Neal R. Glaviano

Keyword(s):

Frontal Plane ◽

Patellofemoral Pain ◽

Drop Jump ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Single Leg Squat

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Relationship between Hip and Knee Strength and Knee Valgus during a Single Leg Squat

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.22.1.41 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 41-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 174

Author(s):

Tina L. Claiborne ◽

Charles W. Armstrong ◽

Varsha Gandhi ◽

Danny M. Pincivero

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Valgus Knee ◽

Knee Motion ◽

Knee Strength ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Hip Abduction ◽

Single Leg Squat

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hip and knee strength, and valgus knee motion during a single leg squat. Thirty healthy adults (15 men, 15 women) stood on their preferred foot, squatted to approximately 60 deg of knee flexion, and returned to the standing position. Frontal plane knee motion was evaluated using 3-D motion analysis. During Session 2, isokinetic (60 deg/sec) concentric and eccentric hip (abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, and internal/external rotation) and knee (flexion/extension) strength was evaluated. The results demonstrated that hip abduction (r2= 0.13), knee flexion (r2= 0.18), and knee extension (r2= 0.14) peak torque were significant predictors of frontal plane knee motion. Significant negative correlations showed that individuals with greater hip abduction (r= –0.37), knee flexion (r= –0.43), and knee extension (r= –0.37) peak torque exhibited less motion toward the valgus direction. Men exhibited significantly greater absolute peak torque for all motions, excluding eccentric internal rotation. When normalized to body mass, men demonstrated significantly greater strength than women for concentric hip adduction and flexion, knee flexion and extension, and eccentric hip extension. The major findings demonstrate a significant role of hip muscle strength in the control of frontal plane knee motion.

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