scholarly journals PD04-11 M2 MACROPHAGES DIFFERENTIATED FROM IPS CELLS HAVE HIGHER ABILITIES TO PHAGOCYTOSE AND PROCESS CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS THAN SIMILARLY INDUCED M1 MACROPHAGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. e82-e83
Author(s):  
Atsushi Okada* ◽  
Hiromasa Aoki ◽  
Daichi Onozato ◽  
Taiki Kato ◽  
Hiroshi Takase ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
H. J. Arnott ◽  
M. A. Webb ◽  
L. E. Lopez

Many papers have been published on the structure of calcium oxalate crystals in plants, however, few deal with the early development of crystals. Large numbers of idioblastic calcium oxalate crystal cells are found in the leaves of Vitis mustangensis, V. labrusca and V. vulpina. A crystal idioblast, or raphide cell, will produce 150-300 needle-like calcium oxalate crystals within a central vacuole. Each raphide crystal is autonomous, having been produced in a separate membrane-defined crystal chamber; the idioblast''s crystal complement is collectively embedded in a water soluble glycoprotein matrix which fills the vacuole. The crystals are twins, each having a pointed and a bidentate end (Fig 1); when mature they are about 0.5-1.2 μn in diameter and 30-70 μm in length. Crystal bundles, i.e., crystals and their matrix, can be isolated from leaves using 100% ETOH. If the bundles are treated with H2O the matrix surrounding the crystals rapidly disperses.


1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1952-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Traquair

Oxalic acid and crystals of calcium oxalate were produced during growth of Leucostoma cincta and L. persoonii on potato dextrose agar and in peach bark tissues. The identification of calcium oxalate was based on solubility characteristics, the results of KMnO4 titration, positive staining with silver nitrate – dithiooxamide, and crystal morphology as observed with light and scanning electron microscopes. Oxalic acid was detected by gas chromatography. This is the first report of oxalic acid production by both Leucostoma species causing peach canker. Calcium oxalate crystals observed on or near hyphae in culture were similar to crystals in artificially inoculated peach bark tissues. Addition of oxalic acid solutions alone to inner bark tissues caused maceration and necrosis. These results indicate a role for oxalic acid in the early stages of pathogenesis by Leucostoma spp. Tetragonal (bipyramidal) and prismatic calcium oxalate crystals formed on bark wounds treated with oxalic acid solutions were similar to those observed in infected tissues and in culture media amended with oxalic acid.


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