scholarly journals Nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV after sexual intercourse among women in Brazil: Risk profiles and predictors of loss to follow-up

Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (39) ◽  
pp. e17071
Author(s):  
Alexandre Grangeiro ◽  
Maria Mônica Paulino do Nascimento ◽  
Eliana Miura Zucchi ◽  
Dulce Ferraz ◽  
Maria Mercedes Escuder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals 986. Improvement in Administration of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in the Emergency Department Following Sexual Assault

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S521-S522
Author(s):  
Jennifer R Silva-Nash ◽  
Stacie Bordelon ◽  
Ryan K Dare ◽  
Sherrie Searcy
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Nonoccupational post exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) following sexual assault can prevent HIV transmission. A standardized Emergency Department (ED) protocol for evaluation, treatment, and follow up for post assault victims was implemented to improve compliance with CDC nPEP guidelines. Methods A single-center observational study of post sexual assault patients before/after implementation of an ED nPEP protocol was conducted by comparing the appropriateness of prescriptions, labs, and necessary follow up. A standardized order-set based on CDC nPEP guidelines, with involvement of an HIV pharmacist and ID clinic, was implemented during the 2018-2019 academic year. Clinical data from pre-intervention period (07/2016-06/2017) was compared to post-intervention period (07/2018-08/2019) following a 1-year washout period. Results During the study, 147 post-sexual assault patients (59 Pre, 88 Post) were included. One hundred thirty-three (90.4%) were female, 68 (46.6%) were African American and 133 (90.4%) were candidates for nPEP. Median time to presentation following assault was 12.6 hours. nPEP was offered to 40 (67.8%) and 84 (95.5%) patients (P< 0.001) and ultimately prescribed to 29 (49.2%) and 71 (80.7%) patients (P< 0.001) in pre and post periods respectively. Renal function (37.3% vs 88.6%; P< 0.001), pregnancy (39.0% vs 79.6%; P< 0.001), syphilis (3.4% vs 89.8%; P< 0.001), hepatitis B (15.3% vs 95.5%; P< 0.001) and hepatitis C (27.1% vs 94.3%) screening occurred more frequently during the post period. Labratory, nPEP Prescription and Follow up Details for Patients Prescribed nPEP Conclusion The standardization of an nPEP ED protocol for sexual assault victims resulted in increased nPEP administration, appropriateness of prescription, screening for other sexually transmitted infectious and scheduling follow up care. While guideline compliance dramatically improved, further interventions are likely warranted in this vulnerable population. Disclosures Ryan K. Dare, MD, MS, Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc (Research Grant or Support)

Characterization of Emergency Department Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Procedures with an Infectious Diseases Clinic Referral Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 001857872097388
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Frederickson ◽  
Alexandra K. Monroe ◽  
Gregory A. Hall ◽  
Kyle A. Weant
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Referral Process ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Purpose: Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (rPEP) in the emergency department (ED) is associated with high costs, complicated administration protocols, and a time-sensitive vaccination series that often requires ED follow-up visits for subsequent vaccine administration. This study sought to characterize the number of redirected vaccine administrations in those patients referred to ID Clinic, guideline compliance, and opportunities for improvement. Methods: Retrospective chart review of adult and pediatric patients presenting to the ED from 2016 to 2019 and prescribed rabies immunoglobulin. Results: Of the 89 patients included, 66.3% were referred to ID Clinic. Those referred to clinic had significantly fewer average visits to the ED for repeat vaccination ( P < .001). Of the 177 vaccinations prescribed for patients referred, 105 were administered in clinic. Overall, having insurance significantly increased the odds of completing the prescribed vaccination series (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.34, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.34 to 15.52). Among those patients referred to clinic, having insurance significantly increased the odds of receiving any follow-up doses in clinic (OR = 6.00, 95% CI = 1.48 to 25.98), receiving all of their prescribed follow-up doses in clinic (OR = 10.00, 95% CI = 1.72 to 190.80), and completing the entirety of their vaccination series (OR = 5.89, 95% CI = 1.50 to 26.21). Conclusions: The use of an ID Clinic referral process for rPEP resulted in a significant reduction in the average number of visits to the ED for repeat vaccination, hence avoiding 105 ED visits. Insurance status was a significant factor in both the utilization of the ID Clinic referral system and overall completion of the vaccination series. Future research should explore workflows inclusive of both ED care and outpatient follow-up, care plans for the uninsured, and mechanisms to limit the number of patients that fail to complete the recommended vaccination series.

scholarly journals Post-exposure prophylaxis following occupational exposure to HIV and hepatitis B: an analysis of a 12-year record in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salisu Abubakar ◽  
Garba Iliyasu ◽  
Farouq Muhammad Dayyab ◽  
Salisu Inuwa ◽  
Rabiu Alhassan Tudun Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
North Western

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have an increased risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Aims/objectives: We aim to examine the utilisation and outcome of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for both HIV and hepatitis B (HBV) among HCWs. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital in North-Western Nigeria. We reviewed data on HIV or HBV PEP given to HCWs between 2004 and 2016. Results: A total of 115 HCWs presented for PEP during the study period. Intern doctors were the most exposed group (40/115; 34.8%). There were 86/115 (74.8%) needle stick exposures. While 53/115 (46.1%) of the sources of exposure were HIV-positive, 9/115(7.83%) were HBV-positive. Zidovudine-based regimen (40/70) was the most commonly prescribed. No seroconversion occurred among those that completed PEP treatment and follow-up. Discussion: No seroconversion occurred among those that received either or both HIV and HBV PEP and completed PEP treatment.

scholarly journals 1283. Attitudes and Practices Regarding HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S462-S462
Author(s):  
William Sherrerd-Smith ◽  
Katie O’Connell ◽  
Shanedeep Gill ◽  
Alice Kisteneff ◽  
Catherine Derber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Provider Education ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Research suggests nonoccupational Post Exposure Prophylaxis (nPEP) is underprescribed when indicated in the Emergency Department (ED). This study is an assessment of ED providers’ attitudes and practices regarding administration of HIV nPEP. Methods This was an anonymous survey based on literature review and modified Delphi technique. We approached 153 ED providers at work over a 4-month period from 5 hospital-based and 2 freestanding EDs with an annual census between 35,000 and 75,000 patients. The EDs are a combination of urban, suburban, and rural EDs. There were 152 completed surveys: 80 attendings, 27 residents, and 44 physician assistants. Results The majority of surveyed providers (133/149, 89.3%) believe it is their responsibility as an emergency provider to provide HIV nPEP in the emergency department (Figure 1). Although 91% (138/151) and 87% (132/151) of respondents are willing to prescribe nPEP to a patient in the ED for IV drug use and unprotected sex, respectively, only 40% (61/152) of participants felt they could confidently prescribe the appropriate regimen. Ultimately, only 25% (37/151) of participants prescribed nPEP in the last year. Number of years in practice, age, and gender did not result in a significant difference in nPEP administration. Respondents noted time (27%), access to follow-up care (26%), cost to patients (23%), patients’ perceived interest in HIV counseling (15%), and concern for ongoing risky behaviors (9%) as barriers to prescribing nPEP (Figure 2). 64% (95/149) of respondents feel that it is their responsibility as an ED provider to refer patients at risk of nonoccupational exposures for risk-reduction counseling. Conclusion This study identified an opportunity for HIV prevention in the emergency department. The majority of participants had not prescribed nPEP in the past 12 months. Although most were willing to prescribe nPEP and felt it was their responsibility, the majority of participants were not confident in prescribing it. Future interventions to increase the use of nPEP in the ED should target provider education, cost, access to follow-up care and counseling. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to HIV and use of post-exposure prophylaxis in a general hospital in North Central, Nigeria.

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola O Olaleye ◽  
Olorunfemi A Ogundele ◽  
Babatunde I Awokola ◽  
Oladele S Olatunya ◽  
Omolara A Olaleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
North Central ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Occupational exposures to blood borne pathogens including HIV have been well studied. However, limited studies exist about the utilization of post exposure prophylaxis and follow-up in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to describe the characteristics of occupational exposure to HIV, the utilization of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among health workers, and the proportion of exposed health workers reporting for follow-up three months after exposure. A cross sectional descriptive study involving ninety three health workers was carried out at a general hospital located in an urban area in North Central zone of Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was used. The prevalence of occupational exposure, utilization of post exposure prophylaxis and follow-up rate were assessed using self administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16 and descriptive analysis was carried out. It was reported that, 73.1% of respondents at least one or more occupational exposures to HIV and other blood borne pathogens through accidental needle injury/prick, blood splash on a fresh wound or conjunctiva exposure in the last one year. Needle stick injury occurred in 83.8% of all respondents who had occupational exposures. 8.8% of exposed respondents commenced post exposure prophylaxis with two-thirds completing the post exposure prophylaxis regimen. Only one (25%) of those who completed the regimen reported for follow-up. Occupational exposures to HIV are common among health workers. The rates of utilization of post exposure prophylaxis and follow-up were low.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i1.6635   International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 3 No 1 (2013) 11-17

scholarly journals 860. Immediate Access to Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Through a 24/7 New York City PEP Hotline

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S20-S21
Author(s):  
Allison Glaser ◽  
Emma Kaplan-Lewis ◽  
Ana Ventuneac ◽  
Wyley Gates ◽  
Michael Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Oral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is effective in preventing HIV transmission. To minimize barriers to PEP for New York City (NYC) residents, the Institute for Advanced Medicine (IAM), Mount Sinai Health System, and the NYC Department of Health and Mental Health established a 24-hour 7-days PEP hotline to provide eligible callers with immediate access to PEP and follow-up clinical care. Methods Data from hotline callers (January to December 2017) was analyzed utilizing multivariable logistic regression to determine whether a call resulted in PEP access within 72 hours of exposure by sociodemographic variables and exposure characteristics. We describe transitions from PEP to PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis). Results The PEP hotline cohort (n = 1278) was 83% male, 11% female, 1% transgender; 66% LGBTQ and 20% heterosexual; 35% White, 15% Black, 9% Asian; 41% other/unknown; 25% Hispanic; mean age of 30 years (range 14–72). The majority of callers learned about the hotline by Internet search (59%). Mean exposure time prior to call was 31 hours with 57% within 24 hours. Exposures were 98% sexual; 73% anal sex (43% receptive; 30% insertive), 21% vaginal, and 6% other. 63% reported condomless sex and 29% condom failure. 15% of callers reported a partner with HIV. 35% of callers reported alcohol or recreational substances at the time of the exposure. Prior PEP and PrEP use was 20% and 9%, respectively. 91% of callers were eligible for PEP; 69% called afterhours and received a telephone PEP prescription, and 27% called during business hours and were directed to a clinic. Access to PEP within 72 hours of exposure occurred in 1,081 (93%) of eligible callers and within 36 hours in 68%. 90% of callers had confirmed follow-up clinic appointments. Of the 472 callers linked to care at the IAM, 89 (19%) transitioned to PrEP. Conclusion This unique program demonstrates a timely initiative to facilitate PEP access to a diverse cohort with the purpose of mitigating risk from potential exposure to HIV. Further investigation is needed to explore adherence to PEP, follow-up testing results, transitions to PrEP for prevention planning, and coordination of health care and substance use services. Disclosures E. Kaplan-Lewis, Viiv: Consultant, Consulting fee. J. Aberg, Gilead: Research Contractor, Research support. GSK: Research Contractor, Research support. ViiV: Research Contractor, Research support. A. Urbina, Theratechnologies: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. ViiV: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Merck: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Gilead: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee.

scholarly journals 1301. Evaluation of the Rates of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Completion After the Implementation of an Automated Referral System in the Emergency Department

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S397-S398
Author(s):  
Erika Reategui Schwarz ◽  
Madeleine Gysi ◽  
Finn Schubert ◽  
Fanny Ita-Nagy
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Referral System ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Uninsured Patients ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Patient Navigators ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Outpatient Provider

Abstract Background A 28-day regimen of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) administered within 72 hour significantly reduces HIV infection, for both occupational and nonoccupational exposures (NOE); however, adherence to PEP for NOE has been reported to have poor rates of completion.1 To optimize PEP referrals from our ED to our clinics, we implemented an automated referral system to maximize PEP completion and link patients to outpatient care and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), if appropriate. Methods In our ED, PEP patients receive a starter kit from an automated medication dispensing system. Starting in March 2017, a daily automated report of patients who received a starter kit in the ED was generated and emailed to patient navigators who would contact patients and offer follow-up appointments. Our main objective was to describe the rate of outpatient follow-up of patients initiated on PEP for NOE from March 2017 to March 2018, as well as patient demographics and linkage to PrEP. Results Out of 128 patients seen in the ED for PEP, 30% (38) were for NOE. Of these, 68% were female, with a median age of 27 years old (range: 14–59). Nearly half had no insurance (45%). The majority (84%) reported sexual intercourse or sexual assault as the exposure. Most patients were contacted for follow-up (76%) and half (48%) had a follow-up appointment. Patients who presented to the ED &gt;24 hours after exposure were less likely to complete a follow-up (35% vs. 75%, P = 0.035), as were uninsured patients (24% vs. 57%, P = 0.052). From 38 patients, 13 (34%) qualified for PrEP, eight (62%) followed as outpatients and one (8%) was started on PrEP. Conclusion The automated system ensured that half our PEP patients were seen by an outpatient provider, increasing their likelihood of finishing the 28 days of PEP. Patients presenting late to the ED and uninsured patients were less likely to follow-up. Further research is needed to identify interventions to improve follow-up. Finally, transition to PrEP was low and additional interventions should be explored to improve this process. Reference 1. Kahn JO, Martin JN, Roland ME, et al. Feasibility of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) against human immunodeficiency virus infection after sexual or injection drug use exposure: the San Francisco PEP Study. J Infect Dis 183(5):707–714. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among users of non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis: a longitudinal analysis of attendees at a large sexual health clinic in Montréal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqing Xia ◽  
R. Zoë Greenwald ◽  
M. Rachael Milwid ◽  
Claire Trottier ◽  
Michel Boissonnault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

AbstractBackgroundReducing HIV transmission using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) requires targeting individuals at high acquisition risk, such as men who have sex with men (MSM) with a history of non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP). This study aims to characterize longitudinal trends in PrEP uptake and its determinants among nPEP users in Montréal.MethodsEligible attendees at Clinique médicale l’Actuel were recruited prospectively starting in October 2000 (nPEP) and January 2013 (PrEP). Linking these cohorts, we characterized the PEP-to-PrEP cascade, examined the determinants of PrEP uptake after nPEP consultation using a Cox proportional-hazard model, and assessed whether PrEP persistence differed by nPEP history using Kaplan-Meier curves.ResultsAs of August 2019, 31% of 2,682 MSM nPEP cohort participants had two or more nPEP consultations. Subsequent PrEP consultations occurred among 36% of nPEP users, of which 17% sought nPEP again afterwards. Among 2,718 PrEP cohort participants, 46% reported previous nPEP use. Among nPEP users, those aged 25-49 years (Hazard Ratio (HR)=1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-1.7), with more nPEP episodes (HR=1.4, 95%CI: 1.3-1.5), reported chemsex (HR=1.3, 95%CI: 1.1-1.7), with a STI history (HR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.3-1.7), and who returned for their first nPEP follow-up visit (HR=3.4, 95%CI: 2.7-4.2) had higher rates of PrEP linkage. There was no difference in PrEP persistence between PEP-to-PrEP and PrEP only participants.ConclusionOver one-third of nPEP users were subsequently prescribed PrEP. However, the large proportion of men who repeatedly use nPEP calls for more efficient PrEP-linkage services and, among those that use PrEP, improved persistence should be encouraged.

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