Reduced Fractional Absorption of Zinc in Children With Environmental Enteropathy in Zambia

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) absorption and metabolic capacity of rumen and omasum were compared, in vitro. Fragments of rumen wall and omasum laminae were taken from eight adult crossbred bovines. An isolated fragment of the mucosa was fitted in a tissue diffusion chamber. Valeric acid and CrEDTA were added to ruminal fluid and placed on the mucosal side and buffer solution was placed on the serosal side. Fractional absorption rates were measured by exponential VFA:Cr ratio decay over time. Metabolism rate was determined as the difference between VFA absorbed and VFA which appeared on the serosal side over time. Mitotic index was higher in omasum (0.52%) than in rumen epithelium (0.28%). VFA fractional absorption rate was higher in omasum (4.6%/h.cm²) than in rumen (0.4%/h.cm²). Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate showed similar fractional absorption rates in both fragments. Percentage of metabolized acetate and propionate was lower than butyrate and valerate in both stomach compartments. In the rumen, individual VFA metabolism rates were similar (mean of 7.7 , but in the omasum, valerate (90.0 was more metabolized than butyrate (59.6 propionate (69.8 and acetate (51.7 . Correlation between VFA metabolism and mitotic index was positive in the rumen and in the omasum. In conclusion, VFA metabolism and absorption potential per surface of the omasum is higher than that of the rumen. Variations on rumen and omasum absorption capacities occur in the same way, and there are indications that factors capable of stimulating rumen wall proliferation are similarly capable of stimulating omasum walls.

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Stable Strontium Absorption as a Measure of Intestinal Calcium Absorption: Comparison with the Double-Radiotracer Calcium Absorption Test

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0870363 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 363-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Aubrey Blumsohn ◽

Brian Morris ◽

Richard Eastell

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Time Course ◽

Calcium Absorption ◽

Quadratic Term ◽

The Mean ◽

Stable Strontium ◽

The Relationship ◽

Dual Tracer ◽

Fractional Absorption

1. Stable strontium (Sr) has been proposed as an alternative to calcium (Ca) isotopes for the measurement of intestinal Ca absorption. The aim of this study was to compare the time course and fractional absorption of Ca and Sr, when both are measured using dual-tracer techniques. 2. 45Ca and Sr absorption tests were carried out on consecutive days in patients with osteoporosis (n = 10) or chronic renal failure (n = 7). Both tests were repeated in four patients with chronic renal failure after treatment with calcitriol (1 μg daily for 10 days). 3. The time course of Ca absorption was determined using the 85Sr (intravenous)/45Ca (oral) dual-tracer technique, and the time course of Sr absorption using 85Sr (intravenous)/stable Sr (oral). Oral tracers were administered on consecutive days with a test meal containing 5.3 mmol of Ca and 2.5 mmol of either stable Sr or Ca carrier. The fractional absorption of 45Ca and Sr at 6 h (FA360) and the absorption rate as a function of time were calculated by deconvolution. 4. The mean FA360 for Sr (20.2%) was lower than the mean FA360 for 45Ca (37.8%, P < 0.001, paired t-test), but the time course of Sr absorption was similar to that of Ca. There was a significant correlation between the FA360 for 45Ca and Sr, although the relationship was improved by including a quadratic term (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.001, significance of quadratic term, P < 0.05). After 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D treatment, the FA360 of stable Sr increased 4.29-fold, whereas the FA360 of 45Ca increased only 2.4-fold. 5. Although the fractional absorption of Sr determined by dual-tracer deconvolution was the best predictor of FA360 for 45Ca, little was lost by confining the analysis to a single serum Sr measurement taken 3 h or more after oral administration. 6. We conclude that Sr absorption is qualitatively similar to that of Ca, although absorption of Sr is much lower than that of Ca. Furthermore, the relationship does not appear to be linear. Stable Sr may be useful in place of Ca isotopes in the routine clinical evaluation of Ca absorption.

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Dietary intake from complementary feeding is associated with intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy in Brazilian children from the MAL-ED cohort study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520000215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 123 (9) ◽

pp. 1003-1012

Author(s):

P. N. Costa ◽

A. M. Soares ◽

J. Q. Filho ◽

F. S. Junior ◽

R. Ambikapathi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Development Project ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Environmental Enteropathy

AbstractA child’s diet contains nutrients and other substances that influence intestinal health. The present study aimed to evaluate the relations between complementary feeding, intestinal barrier function and environmental enteropathy (EE) in infants. Data from 233 children were obtained from the Brazilian site of the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project cohort study. Habitual dietary intake from complementary feeding was estimated using seven 24-h dietary recalls, from 9 to 15 months of age. Intestinal barrier function was assessed using the lactulose–mannitol test (L–M), and EE was determined as a composite measure using faecal biomarkers concentrations – α-1-antitrypsin, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neopterin (NEO) at 15 months of age. The nutrient adequacies explored the associations between dietary intake and the intestinal biomarkers. Children showed adequate nutrient intakes (with the exception of fibre), impaired intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation. There was a negative correlation between energy adequacy and L–M (ρ = −0·19, P < 0·05) and between folate adequacy and NEO concentrations (ρ = −0·21, P < 0·01). In addition, there was a positive correlation between thiamine adequacy and MPO concentration (ρ = 0·22, P < 0·01) and between Ca adequacy and NEO concentration (ρ = 0·23; P < 0·01). Multiple linear regression models showed that energy intakes were inversely associated with intestinal barrier function (β = −0·19, P = 0·02), and fibre intake was inversely associated with the EE scores (β = −0·20, P = 0·04). Findings suggest that dietary intake from complementary feeding is associated with decreased intestinal barrier function and EE in children.

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Su1591 IDENTIFICATION OF A BILE ACID BIOMARKER IN MALNOURISHED CHILDREN WITH ENVIRONMENTAL ENTEROPATHY IN PAKISTAN

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(20)34044-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (6) ◽

pp. S-1349

Author(s):

Kenneth D. Setchell ◽

Xueheng Zhao ◽

Rong Huang ◽

Edward A. Dobrzykowski ◽

Elizabeth A. Maier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

Environmental Enteropathy

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Ozone uptake in the intact human respiratory tract: relationship between inhaled dose and actual dose

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2015 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 2015-2022 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marc L. Rigas ◽

Sandra N. Catlin ◽

Abdellaziz Ben-Jebria ◽

James S. Ultman

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Exposure Duration ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Minute Volume ◽

Intersubject Variability ◽

Human Respiratory Tract ◽

Ozone Uptake ◽

The Mean ◽

Fractional Absorption

Inhaled concentration (C), minute volume (MV), and exposure duration (T) are factors that may affect the uptake of ozone (O3) within the respiratory tract. Ten healthy adult nonsmokers participated in four sessions, inhaling 0.2 or 0.4 ppm O3 through an oral mask while exercising continuously to elicit a MV of 20 l/min for 60 min or 40 l/min for 30 min. In each session, fractional absorption (FA) was determined on a breath-by-breath basis as the ratio of O3 uptake to the inhaled O3 dose. The mean ± SD value of FA for all breaths was 0.86 ± 0.06. Although C, MV, and T all had statistically significant effects on FA ( P < 0.0001, P = 0.004, and P = 0.026, respectively), the magnitudes of these effects were small compared with intersubject variability. For an average subject, a 0.05 change in FA would require that C change by 1.3 ppm, MV change by 46 l/min, or T change by 1.7 h. It is concluded that inhaled dose is a reasonable surrogate for the actual dose delivered to a particular subject during O3 exposures of <2 h, but it is not a reasonable surrogate when comparisons are made between individuals.

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Shigella and Salmonella Infections are Associated with Markers of Environmental Enteropathy among Children under Five in Zambia

10.36648/2573-0282.4.1.66 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Michelo Simuyandi ◽

Samue Bosomprah ◽

Natasha Makabilo Laban ◽

Katayi Mwila-Kazimbaya ◽

Roma Chilengi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Environmental Enteropathy ◽

Salmonella Infections

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