Role of Dietary Factors and Food Habits in the Development of Childhood Obesity: A Commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition

Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease with complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infestation has been identified as the most important etiological agent in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Also, the role of dietary factors that is low consumption of fruits and vegetables have been found to be associated with gastric cancer. Among the dietary factors, antioxidants especially vitamin C has been found to confer the strongest protection against gastric cancer. Its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic action has been suggested in vitro. Because of its antioxidant activity, it protects cells against oxidative DNA damage caused by toxic effects of reactive oxygen species. It also inhibits production of carcinogenic N-nitroso compound in the stomach. The person with H. pylori infection has low levels of vitamin C in their gastric juice and levels of vitamin C normalizes on eradication of H. pylori. Vitamin C levels are high in gastric mucosa and gastric juice, sometimes more than that of in plasma. But gastric pathological conditions cause lowered secretion of vitamin C into gastric juice. Effect of H. pylori on vitamin C in gastric juice is reversible and on eradication of H. pylori, it returns to normal level. Hence, eradication of H. pylori and chemoprevention with antioxidant supplementation will be an effective preventive strategy to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer and related mortality. Vitamin C and gastric cancer is an area of potential interest for researchers as a preventive measure. Keywords: Vitamin C, H. pylori, gastric cancer.

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The Role of Lipids and Membranes in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive View

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205015666180911151716 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (13) ◽

pp. 1191-1212 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Botond Penke ◽

Gábor Paragi ◽

János Gera ◽

Róbert Berkecz ◽

Zsolt Kovács ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Membrane Lipids ◽

Specific Protein ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Lipid Signaling ◽

Special Role ◽

Aβ Peptides

Lipids participate in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) trafficking and processing - important factors in the initiation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis and influence the formation of neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. An important risk factor, the presence of ApoE4 protein in AD brain cells binds the lipids to AD. In addition, lipid signaling pathways have a crucial role in the cellular homeostasis and depend on specific protein-lipid interactions. The current review focuses on pathological alterations of membrane lipids (cholesterol, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids) and lipid metabolism in AD and provides insight in the current understanding of biological membranes, their lipid structures and functions, as well as their role as potential therapeutic targets. Novel methods for studying the membrane structure and lipid composition will be reviewed in a broad sense whereas the use of lipid biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD will be shortly summarized. Interactions of Aβ peptides with the cell membrane and different subcellular organelles are reviewed. Next, the details of the most important lipid signaling pathways, including the role of the plasma membrane as stress sensor and its therapeutic applications are given. 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal may play a special role in the initiation of the pathogenesis of AD and thus the “calpain-cathepsin hypothesis” of AD is highlighted. Finally, the most important lipid dietary factors and their possible use and efficacy in the prevention of AD are discussed.

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A scientific research study on the management of Manyasthamba (Cervical Spondylosis) with Nasya and Nasapana

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.4.4.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Unnikrishnan V S ◽

Prashanth A S ◽

Madhusudan Kulkarni

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Clinical Data ◽

Food Habits ◽

Cervical Spondylosis ◽

Research Study ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Modern Era ◽

Treatment Aspect

The science of life Ayurveda, not only deals with the prevention of diseases by maintaining health but also with the alleviation of diseases. In this ultra modern era due to change in lifestyles, sedentary works and food habits, people are unable to follow the Dinacharya and Ritucharya as explained in the classics, which may lead to different diseases. Due to improper postural habits, weight bearing and other unwholesome diets and habits there are higher the chances of discomfort and disease pertaining to spinal cord. Manyasthambha is one such condition that disturbs a big population due to today’s alterations in lifestyle. Here an effort is made to study and understand the role of Nasya Karma, Nasaapana and Shamanaushadhi like Vyoshadi Guggulu in the treatment aspect of this disease. Nasya Karma and Nasaapana provided highly significant results in all the symptoms of Manyasthambha. As per the clinical data, ‘Nasaapana is found to be more effective than Nasya Karma’. So it can be concluded that better results can be obtained with Shaddharana Yoga as Amapachana, Nasaapana with Mashabaladi Kwatha followed by Vyoshadi Guggulu as Shamanoushadhi.

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The role of the primarycare team in the management of childhood obesity

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665100590715 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 67 (OCE6) ◽

Author(s):

A. Gilmour ◽

M. R. Ritchie ◽

T. J. Gibbs

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity

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26.A. Workshop: Assessing the role of policies and actions to address childhood obesity

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Stakeholder Engagement ◽

Special Focus ◽

Policy Options ◽

Sustainable Solutions ◽

Relevant Evidence ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

The Impact

Abstract Childhood obesity has grown to become one of the most dramatic features of the global obesity epidemic, with long-term consequences. The spread of obesity has been fueled by changes in social norms and living environments that have shaped individual behaviours making them conducive to excessive and imbalanced nutrition, sedentary lifestyles, and ultimately obesity and associated diseases. The STOP project will aim to generate scientifically sound, novel and policy-relevant evidence on the factors that have contributed to the spread of childhood obesity in European countries and on the effects of alternative technological and organisational solutions and policy options available to address the problem. STOP will translate the evidence gathered and generated into indicators and measurements, policy briefs and toolkits and multi-stakeholder frameworks. A special focus of STOP is understanding the stakeholders' networks and drivers of stakeholders' action. STOP will establish new ways for policy-relevant evidence to be generated, made available and used in the design and implementation of effective and sustainable solutions for childhood obesity at the EU, national and local levels. Each of the policy work packages will: Produce evidence syntheses and impact simulations for different policy approaches;Assess selected policy approaches and actions in children cohorts and other relevant settings;Devise policy toolkits and policy guidance to support the adoption and implementation of specific actions by relevant actors;Establish a country-based European accountability and monitoring framework in each policy area. The workshop aims to: Showcase the impact of different policy options evaluated throughout the STOP project;Increase participants' understanding and awareness of the opportunities and challenges associated with the implementation of selected policies;Increase awareness of public health professionals of the importance of overcoming siloes in identifying and implementing public health policies;Increase the understanding of multi-stakeholder engagement. The discussion will explore the role of stakeholders across different policy areas. We will explore the different definitions of “stakeholders” and “multi-stakeholders” engagement. This will also be an opportunity to explore some of the benefits, risks and challenges around stakeholder engagement, and explore what are the different types of stakeholders involved in these policies as well as their roles. The workshop will offer an opportunity to: Inform participants about existing physical activity, regulatory and fiscal policies to address childhood obesity;Inform participants about new, innovative EU-level projects that aim to address childhood obesity;Outline preliminary findings of the STOP project with regards to the effectiveness of the evaluated policies;Identify some of the gaps and limitations of existing policies and discuss some of the steps to ensure successful policy implementation. Key messages Present new evidence on what policy approaches work in addressing key determinants of childhood obesity. Showcase findings on the attitudes of different stakeholders towards obesity policies, and debate the benefits, risks and challenges of multi-stakeholder engagement.

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Socioeconomic differences in food habits among 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children from 23 countries—WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI 2015/2017)

Obesity Reviews ◽

10.1111/obr.13211 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anne‐Siri Fismen ◽

Marta Buoncristiano ◽

Julianne Williams ◽

Arnfinn Helleve ◽

Márta Bakacs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Food Habits ◽

Socioeconomic Differences

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Sugar sweetened beverage consumption is positively associated with Klotho levels at two years of age in LatinX youth

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-021-00423-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sofia Villagomez ◽

Dena B. Dubal ◽

Jessica Hawkins ◽

Dan Wang ◽

Janet M. Wojcicki

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

Low Income ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Positive Association ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Klotho Protein

Abstract Background Klotho is an anti-aging protein mainly expressed in the kidneys with a smaller amount expressed in adipose tissue. Klotho effects include roles in reducing oxidative stress, insulin signaling, adipogenesis and glucose metabolism. Few studies have investigated the role of dietary factors such as sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) on serum α-klotho levels in young children. Methods Data was collected from 60 low-income Latina pregnant women and their infants in San Francisco from birth until 2 years of life and examined for associations between dietary factors and child secreted α-klotho protein levels at 2 years. Results Mean α-klotho levels were 1782.96 ± 874.56 pg/mL at 2 years of age. Any consumption of SSBs was independently associated with increased α-klotho levels (Beta = 682.79, 95%CI 67.50, 1298.09; p = 0.03). Household income ranging from $25,000 to $50,000 was also correlated to higher levels of α-klotho in children compared with lower income levels (<$25,000) (Beta = 1613.35, 95%CI 527.37, 2699.33; p = 0.005). Conclusions The positive association between SSB intake and α-klotho levels at 2 years may reflect higher phosphate levels consistent with SSB intake. Higher socioeconomic status may be a proxy for reduced stress exposure in children, also associated with higher α-klotho levels. Future studies should evaluate the early impact of exposures to SSBs, stress and accelerated aging in children.

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