scholarly journals Central Drive to the Paretic Ankle Plantarflexors Affects the Relationship Between Propulsion and Walking Speed After Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis N. Awad ◽  
HaoYuan Hsiao ◽  
Stuart A. Binder-Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Central Drive

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Definitions and the Relationship With Strength and Physical Performance in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Purcell ◽  
Michelle Mackenzie ◽  
Thiago G. Barbosa-Silva ◽  
Isabelle J. Dionne ◽  
Sunita Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

Sarcopenic obesity is associated with several negative health outcomes. However, the prevalence of this condition – and the relationship to physical performance parameters – varies across definitions. The aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to describe the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity using different published definitions and their relationship with handgrip strength and walking speed in older Canadian adults. Individuals aged 65+ in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 11,803; 49.6% male, 50.4% female) were included. Body composition was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenic obesity was defined using 29 definitions. Low handgrip strength was identified as < 27 kg in males and < 16 kg in females and poor physical performance was defined as gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 0.1 to 85.3% in males, and from 0 to 80.4% in females. Sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength (p < 0.05) in both males (14/17 definitions, 82.4%) and females (21/29 definitions, 72.4%). In very few definitions, sarcopenic obesity was associated with slow gait speed (males: 1/17 definitions [6.7%]; females: 2/29 [6.9%]). In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity varied greatly according to definitions and sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength.

scholarly journals Depression in multiple sclerosis across the adult lifespan

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852097930
Author(s):  
Carol K Chan ◽  
Fan Tian ◽  
Daniela Pimentel Maldonado ◽  
Ellen M Mowry ◽  
Kathryn C Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the burden of depressive symptoms across the adult age span in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and test if the relationship between depressive symptoms and MS characteristics vary across age groups. Methods: In analyses of the MS Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) network of adults with MS, we compared the prevalence of depression in MS PATHS with non-MS controls across age and evaluated for effect modification by age in the association between depressive symptoms and clinical and neuroperformance measures via multivariable-adjusted regression models. Results: In total, 13,821 individuals with MS were included. The prevalence of depression was higher in MS versus non-MS controls, but was similar between men/women across age. The association between depression and processing speed (PST; p for interaction = 0.009) or walking speed ( p for interaction = 0.04) varied by age. For example, younger depressed individuals had 0.45 standard deviation (SD) (95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.62, −0.29) worse PST Z-scores versus non-depressed younger participants, whereas older depressed individuals had 0.20 SD (95% CI = −0.32, −0.08) worse PST Z-scores versus non-depressed older participants. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms and age should be considered when interpreting measures of walking speed and cognitive function; these findings may have implications for analyses of neuroperformance change.

scholarly journals Pedestrian Group-Crossing Behavior Modeling and Simulation Based on Multidimensional Dirty Faces Game

Complexity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunqiang Ye ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Kang Hao Cheong ◽  
Nenggang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Road Crossing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Entire Network

The conflict between pedestrians and vehicles plays a significant role in influencing the efficiency of intersections. In turn, the effectiveness of intersections greatly affects the entire network. Statistical data indicates that up to 70% of people move in groups (such as friends, couples, or families walking together). The pedestrian group-crossing behavior, as well as an analysis of the dynamics between groups of pedestrians and vehicles at unsignalized intersections, deserves a thorough study. In this paper, a model based on the multidimensional dirty faces game is proposed to analyze the crossing behavior of pedestrians and vehicles as “rational people.” Computer simulations were performed to investigate the effect of the group size on crossing behavior and conflict risks. The relationship between heterogeneity of waiting time and walking speed is also investigated. These findings can be used to advance understanding on the “Chinese style road crossing” phenomenon and elucidate the dynamics involved.

scholarly journals The relationship between energy expenditure and physical functions in patients hospitalised for stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Hobo ◽  
Hideaki Kurita ◽  
Kimito Momose
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Acceleration Sensor ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
Physical Functions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe assessed the relationship between energy expenditure (EE) and Functional Independence Measure motor items (FIM-M) score, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score, and comfortable walking speed (CWS) in patients hospitalised for stroke. The total EE per day (TEE), EE during rehabilitation (REE), and EE during activities other than rehabilitation (OEE) were measured using a single-axis acceleration sensor in 36 patients hospitalised for the first stroke episode. In addition, the relationships between each type of EE and FIM-M, BBS, and CWS were investigated. In these patients (mean age 66.2 ± 10.6 years), the median values of TEE, REE, and OEE were 41.8 kcal, 18.5 kcal, and 16.6 kcal, respectively. Correlations were observed between each EE type and all physical function indices. Following the stratification of patients into two groups (high and low) based on the level of physical function, a significant correlation between EE type and physical function was observed only in the low BBS group. EE was correlated with overall physical function indices, but the trend differed depending on physical ability. When patients were stratified based on ability, there were several groups with no significant correlation. Therefore, several patients were unable to achieve an appropriate EE for their level of physical function.

scholarly journals Optimized hip–knee–ankle exoskeleton assistance at a range of walking speeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn M. Bryan ◽  
Patrick W. Franks ◽  
Seungmoon Song ◽  
Alexandra S. Voloshina ◽  
Ricardo Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Positive Power ◽  
Fast Walking ◽  
Slow Walking ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Ankle Exoskeleton ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Autonomous exoskeletons will need to be useful at a variety of walking speeds, but it is unclear how optimal hip–knee–ankle exoskeleton assistance should change with speed. Biological joint moments tend to increase with speed, and in some cases, optimized ankle exoskeleton torques follow a similar trend. Ideal hip–knee–ankle exoskeleton torque may also increase with speed. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between walking speed, optimal hip–knee–ankle exoskeleton assistance, and the benefits to metabolic energy cost. Methods We optimized hip–knee–ankle exoskeleton assistance to reduce metabolic cost for three able-bodied participants walking at 1.0 m/s, 1.25 m/s and 1.5 m/s. We measured metabolic cost, muscle activity, exoskeleton assistance and kinematics. We performed Friedman’s tests to analyze trends across walking speeds and paired t-tests to determine if changes from the unassisted conditions to the assisted conditions were significant. Results Exoskeleton assistance reduced the metabolic cost of walking compared to wearing the exoskeleton with no torque applied by 26%, 47% and 50% at 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 m/s, respectively. For all three participants, optimized exoskeleton ankle torque was the smallest for slow walking, while hip and knee torque changed slightly with speed in ways that varied across participants. Total applied positive power increased with speed for all three participants, largely due to increased joint velocities, which consistently increased with speed. Conclusions Exoskeleton assistance is effective at a range of speeds and is most effective at medium and fast walking speeds. Exoskeleton assistance was less effective for slow walking, which may explain the limited success in reducing metabolic cost for patient populations through exoskeleton assistance. Exoskeleton designers may have more success when targeting activities and groups with faster walking speeds. Speed-related changes in optimized exoskeleton assistance varied by participant, indicating either the benefit of participant-specific tuning or that a wide variety of torque profiles are similarly effective.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Energy Expenditure and Physical Functions in Patients Hospitalised For Stroke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Hobo ◽  
Hideaki Kurita ◽  
Kimito Momose
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Acceleration Sensor ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
Physical Functions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We assessed the relationship between energy expenditure (EE) and functional independence measure (FIM-M) score, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and comfortable walking speed (CWS) in patients hospitalised for stroke. The total EE per day (TEE), EE during rehabilitation (REE), and EE during activities other than rehabilitation (OEE) were measured using a single-axis acceleration sensor in 36 patients hospitalised for a first stroke episode. In addition, the relationships between each type of EE and FIM-M, BBS, and CWS were investigated. In these patients (mean age 66.2±10.6 years), the median values of TEE, REE, and OEE were 41.8 kcal, 18.5 kcal, and 16.6 kcal, respectively. Correlations were observed between each EE type and all physical function indices. Following the stratification of patients into two groups (high and low) based on the level of physical function, a significant correlation between EE type and physical function was observed only in the low BBS group. EE was correlated with overall physical function indices, but the trend differed depending on physical ability. When patients were stratified based on ability, there were several groups with no significant correlation. Therefore, many patients were unable to achieve an appropriate EE for their level of physical function.

scholarly journals Decrease in walking speed increases hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8110
Author(s):  
Takuma Inai ◽  
Tomoya Takabayashi ◽  
Mutsuaki Edama ◽  
Masayoshi Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Public Dataset ◽  
The Relationship

Background Increased daily cumulative hip moment in the frontal plane (i.e., the product of hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase and mean steps per day) is a risk factor for progression of hip osteoarthritis. Although hip osteoarthritis generally causes a decrease in the walking speed, its effect on hip moment impulse in the frontal plane is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between decrease in walking speed and hip moment impulse in the frontal plane. Methods We used a public dataset of treadmill walking in 17 older adults (mean (SD) age: 63.2 (8.0) years). The subjects walked on the treadmill for 30 s under five conditions: (1) 40% of comfortable non-dimensional speed (CNDS), (2) 55% CNDS, (3) 70% CNDS, (4) 85% CNDS, and (5) 100% CNDS. The hip moment impulse in the frontal plane non-normalized (or normalized) to step length (Nm s/kg [or Nm s/(kg m)]) for each condition was calculated. Furthermore, the relationship between walking speed and hip moment impulse in the frontal plane non-normalized (or normalized) to step length was examined using regression analysis based on a previous study. Results A decrease in non-dimensional speed (i.e., walking speed) significantly increased the non-normalized (or normalized) hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase. The relationship between walking speed and non-normalized (or normalized) hip moment impulse in the frontal plane was fitted by a second-order polynomial. Discussion This study revealed that a decrease in walking speed increased the non-normalized (or normalized) hip moment impulse in the frontal plane in healthy older adults. This finding is useful for understanding the relationship between walking speed and hip moment impulse in the frontal plane and suggests that a decrease in walking speed may actually increase the daily cumulative hip moment in the frontal plane of patients with hip osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Walking Speed and the Energetic Cost of Walking in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110050
Author(s):  
Kyra Theunissen ◽  
Guy Plasqui ◽  
Annelies Boonen ◽  
Bente Brauwers ◽  
Annick Timmermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
National Heart Lung ◽  
The Relationship

Background Persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) experience walking impairments, characterized by decreased walking speeds. In healthy subjects, the self-selected walking speed is the energetically most optimal. In pwMS, the energetically most optimal walking speed remains underexposed. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the relationship between walking speed and energetic cost of walking (Cw) in pwMS, compared with healthy subjects, thereby assessing the walking speed with the lowest energetic cost. As it is unclear whether the Cw in pwMS differs between overground and treadmill walking, as reported in healthy subjects, a second review aim was to compare both conditions. Method PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched. Studies assessing pwMS, reporting walking speed (converted to meters per second), and reporting oxygen consumption were included. Study quality was assessed with a modified National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute checklist. The relationship between Cw and walking speed was calculated with a second-order polynomial function and compared between groups and conditions. Results Twenty-nine studies were included (n = 1535 pwMS) of which 8 included healthy subjects (n = 179 healthy subjects). PwMS showed a similar energetically most optimal walking speed of 1.44 m/s with a Cw of 0.16, compared with 0.14 mL O2/kg/m in healthy subjects. The most optimal walking speed in treadmill was 1.48 m/s, compared with 1.28 m/s in overground walking with a similar Cw. Conclusion Overall, the Cw is elevated in pwMS but with a similar energetically most optimal walking speed, compared with healthy subjects. Treadmill walking showed a similar most optimal Cw but a higher speed, compared with overground walking.

Influences of Smartphone Operation on Gait and Posture During Outdoor Walking Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1723-1727
Author(s):  
Yue Luo ◽  
Haolan Zheng ◽  
Yuhao Chen ◽  
Wayne C.W. Giang ◽  
Boyi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Cognitive Workload ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Outdoor Walking ◽  
Speed Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Recommended Level

The ubiquity of smartphones has increased the engagement of phone use during street walking. Unfortunately, the risks of accidents and injuries caused by phone distracted walking are often overlooked. Several laboratory studies have shown that texting while walking can alter cognitive (e.g. reduced situation awareness) and physical (e.g. reduced walking speed) performance. However, the relationship between cognitive demands and the corresponding gait and posture adaptation is yet to be explored. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate gait and posture responses caused by common smartphone usage of different cognitive loads during outdoor walking. Results showed a difference in gait behaviors between normal and phone distracted walking. Posture responses to phone operation tasks in varied cognitive workload levels were also observed to be different. Results from this study can be used as evidence for pedestrians of the recommended level of phone engagement in dynamic and public environments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document