Immunohistochemical Staining With Neuroendocrine Markers is Essential in the Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Esophagogastric Junction

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Dea N.M. Jepsen ◽  
Anne-Marie K. Fiehn ◽  
Rajendra S. Garbyal ◽  
Ulla Engel ◽  
Jakob Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Esophagogastric Junction ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Neuroendocrine Markers

scholarly journals Immunoreactivity of cytokeratins 7 and 20 in goblet cells and columnar blue cells in patients with endoscopic evidence of Barrett's esophagus

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Cantarelli Jr. ◽  
Renato Borges Fagundes ◽  
Luise Meurer ◽  
Marta Pires da Rocha ◽  
André Nicola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Barrett’S Esophagus ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Barrett's Esophagus ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Esophagogastric Junction ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Cytokeratin 20 ◽  
Cytokeratin 7

CONTEXT: Barrett's esophagus is characterized by the presence of goblet cells. However, when alcian-blue is utilized, another type of cells, called columnar blue cells, is frequently present in the distal esophagus of patients with endoscopic evidence of Barrett's esophagus. Cytokeratin 7 and 20 immunoreactivity has been previously studied in areas of intestinal metaplasia at the esophagogastric junction. However, the expression of these cytokeratins in columnar blue cells has not been characterized. OBJECTIVE: To compare the expression of cytokeratin 7 and 20 in goblet cells and columnar blue cells in patients with endoscopic evidence of Barrett's esophagus. METHODS: Biopsies from 86 patients with endoscopic evidence of Barrett's esophagus were evaluated. The biopsies were stained for cytokeratin 7 and 20. RESULTS: Goblet cells were present in 75 cases and columnar blue cells in 50 cases. Overall, cytokeratin 7 expression was similar in goblet cells and columnar blue cells (P = 0.25), while cytokeratin 20 was more common in goblet cells (P <0.001). In individuals with both cell types, however, cytokeratin 7 staining was the same in goblet and columnar blue cells in 95% of the cases, and cytokeratin 20 staining was the same in 77%. CONCLUSION: Goblet cells and columnar blue cells have similar immunohistochemical staining patterns for cytokeratins 7 and 20 in patients with endoscopic evidence of Barrett's esophagus.

scholarly journals The Expression of Chromogranin A, Syanptophysin and Ki67 in Detecting Neuroendocrine Neoplasma at High Grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147
Author(s):  
W. A. Gusti Deasy ◽  
M. Husni Cangara ◽  
Andi Alfian Zainuddin ◽  
Djumadi Achmad ◽  
Syarifuddin Wahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Neuroendocrine Markers ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Sample Characteristics

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) is an epithelial cell neoplasm that can give a histopathological appearance resembling high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical assays with specific neuroendocrine markers of chromogranin A and synaptophysin are required to establish a definite diagnosis of NEN. AIM: This study aimed to determine whether there was an expression of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67 which indicated the presence of neuroendocrine neoplasms in samples that have been diagnosed as high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study of the expression of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67 in paraffin blocks was carried out as a result of biopsy and tissue surgery of 70 samples of colorectal tumor specimens diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Descriptive analyses were used to assess the study results of the amount of chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and sample characteristics. RESULTS: We discovered that eight (8) samples (11.4%) were NEN from 70 previously diagnosed samples as high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemical assay with neuroendocrine markers, namely chromogranin A and synaptophysin. CONCLUSION: The final diagnosis obtained from 8 samples diagnosed as NEN were Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G1, G2, and G3, respectively 1.4% and LCNEC 7.1% based on the specific neuroendocrine markers of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67.

The Potential Role of Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Small Cell Carcinoma

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-464
Author(s):  
Dennis Cornfield ◽  
Zach Liu ◽  
Wojciech Gorczyca ◽  
James Weisberger
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers

Abstract Context.—Virtually no information exists in the medical literature on the immunophenotyping of small cell carcinoma by flow cytometry. CD56, or neural cell adhesion molecule, is widely expressed by small cell carcinoma and easily measured by flow cytometry. Objective.—To determine the potential usefulness of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma. Design and Setting.—Retrospective data and archival material on 27 patients were obtained from community hospitals. Specimens (needle aspirations and tissue biopsies) from all patients demonstrated cytomorphologic and flow cytometric features consistent with small cell carcinoma. All measurements were performed at a large reference laboratory. Routine 3- and 4-color flow cytometry using a lymphoma antibody panel, including anti-CD56, was performed. Anti-cytokeratin antibody was also used in the last 12 cases. Immunohistochemical staining with a panel of conventional markers for neuroendocrine neoplasms was performed on available tissue for purposes of confirmation of small cell carcinoma. Patients.—Twenty-seven patients whose tissue specimens showed a clearly defined population of CD45−CD56+ cells by flow cytometry and cytomorphologic features consistent with small cell carcinoma. Interventions.—Needle aspiration (n = 3) and tissue biopsy (n = 24) from a variety of sites. Results.—CD56 positivity by flow cytometry was 100 to 1000 times that of the matched isotype control in 25 cases and 10 to 100 times that of the control in 2 cases. Cytokeratin positivity by flow cytometry was found in 12 of 12 cases. Immunohistochemical staining showed positivity for at least 1 cytokeratin and 1 or more neuroendocrine markers in 26 of 27 cases and confirmed the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma. Conclusions.—Routine flow cytometry can identify a neuroendocrine phenotype that shows a strong correlation with confirmatory immunohistochemical markers in cases exhibiting cytomorphologic features of small cell carcinoma. Flow cytometry appears to complement and may possibly be a satisfactory alternative to immunohistochemical staining when small cell carcinoma is suspected.

scholarly journals Clinical Routine Application of the Second-generation Neuroendocrine Markers ISL1, INSM1, and Secretagogin in Neuroendocrine Neoplasia: Staining Outcomes and Potential Clues for Determining Tumor Origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
Carl Christofer Juhlin ◽  
Jan Zedenius ◽  
Anders Höög
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Neuroendocrine Markers ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers

AbstractNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) have traditionally been identified via expression of proteins associated to the regulation of secretory vesicles and granules. We report the clinical usage of the “second-generation” proteins ISL LIM homeobox 1 (ISL1), INSM transcriptional repressor 1 (INSM1), and secretagogin (SECG) as immunohistochemical markers of neuroendocrine differentiation since their introduction in clinical routine and compare the results with the established proteins chromogranin A (CGA) and synaptophysin (SYP). In total, 161 tumors, including 139 NENs and 22 “non-NENs” (unrelated tumors with an initial suspicion of NEN), were informatively stained for ISL1, and subsets were also interrogated for INSM1 and/or SECG. Diffuse or focal positive immunoreactivity was noted for ISL1 in 91/139 NENs (65%) and in 6/22 (27%) non-NENs, for INSM1 in 76/85 NENs (89%) and in 2/5 (40%) non-NENs, and for SECG in 49 out of 64 NENs (77%) and in 0/5 non-NENs (0%). Generally, ISL1, INSM1, and SECG exhibited sensitivities in line with or slightly below that of CGA and SYP—largely attributable to tissue-specific patterns regarding tumoral origin. Moreover, for pancreatic and small intestinal NENs, the two largest subgroups, ISL1 staining results were consistent irrespectively of tumor source and WHO grade. We verify previously suggested immunohistochemical schemes of neuroendocrine markers of first- and second-generations to facilitate the diagnostic process for NENs and confirm that the second-generation neuroendocrine markers display tissue-specific patterns. We therefore recommend their implementation in tertiary endocrine pathology centers, not least to aid in the identification of primary tumors when analyzing metastases.

scholarly journals INSM1 Is a Highly Specific Marker of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Primary Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Appendix, and Pancreas

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey E McHugh ◽  
Sanjay Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Erika E Doxtader ◽  
Christopher Lanigan ◽  
Daniela S Allende
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Neuroendocrine Markers ◽  
Primary Neoplasms ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

Abstract Objectives INSM1 has been described as a sensitive and specific neuroendocrine marker. This study aims to compare INSM1 with traditional neuroendocrine markers in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms. Methods Retrospective review (2008-2018) was used to retrieve paraffin-embedded tissue from 110 gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms and controls that was subsequently stained with INSM1, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, and Ki-67. Results INSM1 was positive in 16 of 17 (94.1%) gastric, 17 of 18 (94.4%) pancreatic, 13 of 18 (72.2%) small bowel, 17 of 21 (81.0%) colonic, and 26 of 36 (72.2%) appendiceal tumors. INSM1 was positive in 58 of 70 (82.9%) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, 17 of 20 (85.0%) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, 8 of 11 (72.7%) low-grade goblet cell adenocarcinomas (grade 1), and 6 of 9 (66.7%) high-grade goblet cell adenocarcinomas (grade 2/3). INSM1 sensitivity for neuroendocrine neoplasms (80.9%) was less than that of synaptophysin (99.1%), chromogranin (88%), and CD56 (95.3%); specificity was higher (95.7% vs 86.0%, 87.3%, and 86.0%, respectively). Conclusions INSM1 is a useful marker of neuroendocrine differentiation in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine and mixed neuroendocrine neoplasms. Compared with traditional neuroendocrine markers, INSM1 is less sensitive but more specific.

The panel of syntaxin 1 and insulinoma‐associated protein 1 outperforms classic neuroendocrine markers in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms

Apmis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Zombori ◽  
Sándor Turkevi‐Nagy ◽  
Anita Sejben ◽  
Gréta Juhász‐Nagy ◽  
Gábor Cserni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Neuroendocrine Markers

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Staining of Cytologic Smears With MIB-1 Helps Distinguish Low-Grade From High-Grade Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Ileana Green, MD ◽  
Oscar Lin, MD, PhD ◽  
Semra Olgac, MD ◽  
Maureen F. Zakowski, MD ◽  
David S. Klimstra, MD
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Mib 1

Neuroendocrine tumour of the ampulla of Vater: a rare neoplasm at an atypical site

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abrar Zahid ◽  
Danish Ali ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Irfan Ahmed ◽  
Tauseef Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Carcinoid Syndrome ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumour ◽  
Carcinoid Tumour ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ampulla Of Vater ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Late Event

Abstract The periampullary neuroendocrine tumour is an infrequently occurring tumour. Its prevalence among gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms is less than 0.3%, and less than 2% out of periampullary tumours. These neoplasms have relatively poor prognosis. Jaundice and pain in the abdomen are the early and most commonly occurring symptoms with weight loss being a late event. The carcinoid syndrome presents infrequently in periampullary neuroendocrine tumour and happens only if hepatic metastasis occurs. In this scenario, histopathology plays a paramount role in the diagnosis. Specific immunohistochemical staining is used for diagnosis while the treatment options are local excision, endoscopic excision and pancreaticoduodenectomy. Here is a case report of a 42-year-old patient who presented with complaint of obstructive jaundice for one month. Periampullary carcinoid tumour was diagnosed on biopsy, and she underwent Pancreaticoduodenectomy as treatment. Continuou...  

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Staining of Cytologic Smears With MIB-1 Helps Distinguish Low-Grade From High-Grade Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Lin ◽  
Semra Olgac ◽  
Ileana Green ◽  
Maureen F. Zakowski ◽  
David S. Klimstra
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Mib 1

Comparison of localization of metallothionein in tissues of metallothionein-deficient mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1042-1043
Author(s):  
H. Nishimura ◽  
R Nishimura ◽  
D.L. Adelson ◽  
A.E. Michaelska ◽  
K.H.A. Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Binding ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Heavy Metal Binding ◽  
Critical Organ ◽  
Metal Binding Protein ◽  
Deficient Mice

Metallothionein (MT), a cysteine-rich heavy metal binding protein, has several isoforms designated from I to IV. Its major isoforms, I and II, can be induced by heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and, are present in various organs of man and animals. Rodent testes are a critical organ to Cd and it is still a controversial matter whether MT exists in the testis although it is clear that MT is not induced by Cd in this tissue. MT-IV mRNA was found to localize within tongue squamous epithelium. Whether MT-III is present mainly glial cells or neurons has become a debatable topic. In the present study, we have utilized MT-I and II gene targeted mice and compared MT localization in various tissues from both MT-deficient mice and C57Black/6J mice (C57BL) which were used as an MT-positive control. For MT immunostaining, we have used rabbit antiserum against rat MT-I known to cross-react with mammalian MT-I and II and human MT-III. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted by the method described in the previous paper with a slight modification after the tissues were fixed in HistoChoice and embedded in paraffin.

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