scholarly journals The Expression of Chromogranin A, Syanptophysin and Ki67 in Detecting Neuroendocrine Neoplasma at High Grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147
Author(s):  
W. A. Gusti Deasy ◽  
M. Husni Cangara ◽  
Andi Alfian Zainuddin ◽  
Djumadi Achmad ◽  
Syarifuddin Wahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Neuroendocrine Markers ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Sample Characteristics

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) is an epithelial cell neoplasm that can give a histopathological appearance resembling high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical assays with specific neuroendocrine markers of chromogranin A and synaptophysin are required to establish a definite diagnosis of NEN. AIM: This study aimed to determine whether there was an expression of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67 which indicated the presence of neuroendocrine neoplasms in samples that have been diagnosed as high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study of the expression of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67 in paraffin blocks was carried out as a result of biopsy and tissue surgery of 70 samples of colorectal tumor specimens diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Descriptive analyses were used to assess the study results of the amount of chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and sample characteristics. RESULTS: We discovered that eight (8) samples (11.4%) were NEN from 70 previously diagnosed samples as high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemical assay with neuroendocrine markers, namely chromogranin A and synaptophysin. CONCLUSION: The final diagnosis obtained from 8 samples diagnosed as NEN were Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G1, G2, and G3, respectively 1.4% and LCNEC 7.1% based on the specific neuroendocrine markers of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67.

Comparative Outcomes in Patients With Small- and Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (NEC) and Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasm (MiNEN) of the Stomach

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482095000
Author(s):  
Nam Young Choi ◽  
Byung-Sik Kim ◽  
Sung Tae Oh ◽  
Jeong Hwan Yook ◽  
Beom Su Kim
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Intermediate Grade ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Background Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), consisting of both large- and small-cell NECs, and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs), including mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs), are a group of high-grade malignancies. Few studies to date have reported clinical outcomes, including prognosis, in patients with these tumors. This study therefore evaluated the clinicopathologic outcomes and prognosis in patients with NECs and MANECs. Methods This study included 36 patients diagnosed with gastric NECs, including 23 with large-cell and 13 with small-cell NECs, and 85 with MiNENs, including 70 with high-grade and 15 with intermediate-grade MiNENs. Clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), were assessed. Results DFS was significantly poorer in patients with NEC than in patients with intermediate-grade MiNEN ( P < .05), whereas both OS and DFS were similar in patients with NEC and high-grade MiNEN ( P > .05). Patients with large-cell NEC were more likely to undergo aggressive surgery than patients with high-grade MiNEN ( P < .05). Lymphovascular invasion was more frequent and DFS poorer in patients with large-cell than small-cell NECs ( P < .05 each). Conclusion DFS is significantly poorer in patients with NEC than in patients with intermediate-grade MiNEN and significantly lower in patients with large-cell than small-cell NECs.

scholarly journals P53, Somatostatin receptor 2a and Chromogranin A immunostaining as prognostic markers in high grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstine Nielsen ◽  
Tina Binderup ◽  
Seppo W. Langer ◽  
Andreas Kjaer ◽  
Pauline Knigge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ki67 Index ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Well Differentiated

Abstract Background High grade gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) with a Ki67 proliferation index > 20%, include well-differentiated tumours grade 3 (NET G3) and poorly differentiated (PD) neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). Abnormal p53-expression is a feature of PD tumours, while expression of chromogranin A (CgA) and somatostatin-receptor 2a (SSTR-2a) may be a feature of well-differentiated tumours. The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression and prognostic value of these three markers in 163 GEP-NEN patients with a Ki67-index > 20%. Method Clinical data, histopathology and overall survival were analysed according to Kaplan-Meier’s method and Cox regression. The expression of SSTR-2a, CgA and synaptophysin was analysed in tumour specimens by immunohistochemistry, and semi-quantitatively scored as negative (< 5%), heterogeneously positive (5–30%) or strongly positive (> 30%). P53 was defined as normal when scored as heterogeneously positive (1–30%), and abnormal when negative (0%) or strongly positive (> 30%). Results In multivariate analysis, better survival was observed among patients with heterogeneously positive p53 compared to strongly positive (p < 0.001). When dichotomised, tumours with a heterogeneously positive p53 vs. negative and strongly positive p53 also showed a significantly better survival (p = 0.002). Survival was significantly worse for negative CgA compared to heterogeneously positive CgA (p = 0.02). Strongly positive SSTR-2a expression was found in 26% of the 163 included patients. Well-differentiated morphology correlated with strong expression of SSTR-2a and CgA, and heterogeneously positive p53-staining, and was more frequent in pancreatic primaries. In pancreatic primaries, strongly positive SSTR-2a was associated with longer survival (univariate analysis, p = 0.02). A significantly lower Ki67 proliferation index was found in patients with a heterogeneously positive p53, a positive SSTR-2a and CgA expression. Conclusion Our results suggest that abnormal p53-expression is an independent negative prognostic marker in GEP-NEN with a Ki67-index > 20%. Patients with heterogeneously positive p53 had the best prognosis. SSTR-2a was a positive prognostic marker in pancreatic NEN. Negative CgA was associated with a significantly worse OS compared to heterogeneously positive CgA-expression in a multivariate sub-analysis. Lower Ki67 index correlated significantly with heterogeneously positive p53, positive SSTR-2a and CgA expression.

scholarly journals Mixed Neuroendocrine/Non-neuroendocrine Neoplasm (MiNEN) of the Ovary Arising from Endometriosis: Molecular Pathology Analysis in Support of a Pathogenetic Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Maragliano ◽  
Laura Libera ◽  
Ileana Carnevali ◽  
Valeria Pensotti ◽  
Giovanna De Vecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Endometrioid Carcinoma ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

AbstractPrimary ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms (Ov-NENs) are infrequent and mainly represented by well-differentiated forms (neuroendocrine tumors — NETs — or carcinoids). Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (Ov-NECs) are exceedingly rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature. A subset of Ov-NECs are admixed with non-neuroendocrine carcinomas, as it occurs in other female genital organs, as well (mostly endometrium and uterine cervix), and may be assimilated to mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) described in digestive and extra-digestive sites. Here, we present a case of large cell Ov-NEC admixed with an endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary, arising in the context of ovarian endometriosis, associated with a uterine endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH). We performed targeted next-generation sequencing analysis, along with a comprehensive immunohistochemical study and FISH analysis for TP53 locus, separately on the four morphologically distinct lesions (Ov-NEC, endometrioid carcinoma, endometriosis, and EAH). The results of our study identified molecular alterations of cancer-related genes (PIK3CA, CTNNB1, TP53, RB1, ARID1A, and p16), which were present with an increasing gradient from preneoplastic lesions to malignant proliferations, both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components. In conclusion, our findings underscored that the two neoplastic components of this Ov-MiNEN share a substantially identical molecular profile and they progress from a preexisting ovarian endometriotic lesion, in a patient with a coexisting preneoplastic proliferation of the endometrium, genotypically and phenotypically related to the ovarian neoplasm. Moreover, this study supports the inclusion of MiNEN in the spectrum ovarian and, possibly, of all gynecological NENs, among which they are currently not classified.

Double-Balloon Enteroscopy in Detecting Small-Bowel Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Single-Center Prospective Study

Digestion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Roberta Elisa Rossi ◽  
Luca Elli ◽  
Federica Branchi ◽  
Dario Conte ◽  
Sara Massironi
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Double Balloon Enteroscopy ◽  
Balloon Enteroscopy ◽  
Double Balloon ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Positive Results

<b><i>Background and Aim:</i></b> Small-bowel neuroendocrine neoplasm (sbNEN) diagnosis has improved with double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). DBE efficacy in the detection of sbNENs is unknown. We aimed to report the experience at a single referral center for NENs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> All consecutive patients with a suspected sbNEN selected for diagnostic DBE were enrolled. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Between 2011 and 2016, 25 patients were referred for a suspected sbNEN. In 15/25 patients, a primary NEN was detected outside the small bowel; in 4, NEN was excluded. After extensive workup, 6 patients (4 males, median age 50 years) underwent DBE (3 anterograde, 2 retrograde, and 1 both; median time: 60 min; median insertion 200 cm). DBE was positive in 3 patients: one had an ileal 2-cm NEN G1, one had an ileal 1.3-cm NEN G1, and one had an ileal 1-cm NEN G2, all surgically removed. Of the 3 other patients, one had a metastatic NEN of unknown primary, the other two had small intestinal NENs, both surgically removed (1.6-cm G1 and G2 NEN). DBE showed a sensitivity of 60% and, in absence of false-positive results, a specificity of 100%. Accuracy resulted 67%. No complications were observed. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In line with data from the literature, the present series showed that DBE is a safe and effective procedure in the diagnosis of sbNENs. Further studies are needed to better clarify the diagnostic role of DBE in the neuroendocrine tumor setting and its relationship with other techniques.

scholarly journals A First Case Report of Orbital Extra-Adrenal Paraganglioma in Cat

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Leonardo Leonardi ◽  
Raluca Ioana Rizac ◽  
Ilaria Pettinari ◽  
Luca Mechelli ◽  
Carlo De Feo
Keyword(s):  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extra Adrenal Paraganglioma

Paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm originating from paraganglia and consisting of neuroendocrine cells of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Extra-adrenal paraganglioma occurs with a low incidence in both humans and animals. This report presents the first case of paraganglioma in a cat with orbital primary location. An 18-year-old spayed female European domestic shorthair cat of 3.60 kg body weight was evaluated in a private veterinary clinic in Perugia, Italy, for a pronounced exophthalmos of the right eye. The cat underwent surgery for the enucleation of the right eye and of the mass. The biopsy samples of the removed tissue were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin for histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Therefore, specific markers were used for immunohistochemical investigations, such as anti-neuron specific enolase (NSE), anti-synaptophysin, anti-glial fibrillary acid protein, anti-cytokeratin and anti-chromogranin. The results of these investigations allowed establishing the final diagnosis of ocular extra-adrenal paraganglioma of the cat.

scholarly journals An Emerging Anti-p16 Antibody-BC42 Clone as an Alternative to the Current E6H4 for Use in the Female Genital Tract Pathological Diagnosis: Our Experience and a Review on p16ink4a Functional Significance, Role in Daily-Practice Diagnosis, Prognostic Potential, and Technical Pitfalls

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Angelico ◽  
Angela Santoro ◽  
Frediano Inzani ◽  
Patrizia Straccia ◽  
Saveria Spadola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Ovarian Carcinomas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Gynecologic Neoplasms

Background: To date, useful diagnostic applications of p16 IHC have been documented in gynecological pathology both for HPV-related and non-HPV-related lesions. In the present article, we reported our experience with the novel anti-p16 INK4a antibody (clone BC42), whose expression was tested across all different gynecologic neoplasms; we also compared it to the traditional E6H4 clone. Moreover, we discussed and explored all the diagnostic applications of p16 IHC in gynecologic pathology. Methods: Consultation cases covering a 5-year period (2016–2020) regarding gynecological neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in which immunohistochemistry for p16, clone E6H4 was originally performed, were retrospectively retrieved from the files of our institution. Immunohistochemical staining for p16ink4a (BC42) [Biocare Medical group-Paceco USA; Bioptica Milan] and p16ink4a (E6H4) [Ventana Medical Systems-Arizona USA; Roche] was performed by using the Ventana automated immunostainer (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ, USA). The immunostaining pattern was defined as negative, focal/patchy, or diffuse. Results: A total of 196 cases, represented by 36 high-grade SIL/CIN3 of the uterine cervix, 30 cervical adenocarcinomas, 22 cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 70 endometrial carcinomas, 25 high grade serous ovarian carcinomas, 6 uterine adenomatoid tumors, and 10 uterine leiomyosarcomas were included in this study. Results showed concordant staining quality of both clones on all tested neoplastic tissues. Conclusions: The novel anti-p16 antibody (BC42 clone) appeared as an alternative to the current E6H4 for use in gynecological neoplasms, offering similar levels of positivity and equally reliable staining results.

scholarly journals Chromogranin A and Its Fragments as Regulators of Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Proliferation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e81111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Giovinazzo ◽  
Simon Schimmack ◽  
Bernhard Svejda ◽  
Daniele Alaimo ◽  
Roswitha Pfragner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽  
Small Intestinal

Surgery of the primary tumour in 201 patients with high‐grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine and mixed neuroendocrine‐non‐neuroendocrine neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans‐Christian Pommergaard ◽  
Kirstine Nielsen ◽  
Halfdan Sorbye ◽  
Birgitte Federspiel ◽  
Elizaveta M. Tabaksblat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
High Grade

Carcinomas in the bladder with papillary and pseudopapillary morphology - not always urothelial

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Abensur Athanazio ◽  
Maiara Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Maria Estela Pompeu do Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Carcinoma Prostate ◽  
Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Adenocarcinoma

Abstract Background Urothelial carcinoma shows wide plasticity and broad morphologic spectrum. In many instances, the presence of papillary morphology is reassuring of the urothelial histogenesis of a high-grade invasive lesion but is not pathognomonic. Case presentation We reported herein four cases of carcinomas in the bladder with papillary morphology that had a final diagnosis different from urothelial carcinoma (3% of cases in a 42-month period). In high-grade tumors involving the urinary tract, the presence of papillary/pseudopapillary morphology is not sufficient to render a diagnosis of papillary urothelial carcinoma. Prostate adenocarcinoma, primary bladder adenocarcinoma or metastasis must be excluded in selected case scenarios.

scholarly journals Update Regarding Imaging of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (02) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Jens Holger Figiel ◽  
Simon G. Viniol ◽  
Jannis Görlach ◽  
Anja Rinke ◽  
Damiano Librizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Primary ◽  
Noninvasive Therapy ◽  
Spectrum Of Indications

Background Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by the expression of typical proteins. A wide range of morphological and functional imaging methods is required in order to adequately assess the course of the disease and to optimally treat the patient. The spectrum of indications ranges from the detection of small primary tumors to the documentation of the metastasis pattern and the assessment of the suitability for certain invasive or noninvasive therapy methods. The exact recording and quantification of findings is indispensable. Methods This article is based on a comprehensive literature search on the different aspects of neuroendocrine neoplasm imaging. Results This article is intended to provide an overview of the available imaging procedures with their respective advantages and disadvantages for diagnostics and their value for the follow-up of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Recommendations for examination protocols, typical image findings, and an outlook regarding future developments are presented. Key Points:  Citation Format

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