scholarly journals HLA Alleles are Associated With Altered Risk for Disease Progression and Central Nervous System Impairment of HIV-Infected Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumud K Singh ◽  
Ping Kathryn Gray ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Terence Fenton ◽  
Rodney N Trout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Hla Alleles ◽  
Central Nervous System Impairment

scholarly journals Frequency and Severity of Central Nervous System Lesions in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 794-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Haddad ◽  
Maria-Luisa Sulis ◽  
Nada Jabado ◽  
Stephane Blanche ◽  
Alain Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Remission Induction ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Cns Disease

Abstract We have retrospectively assessed the neurological manifestations in 34 patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in a single center. Clinical, radiological, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF ) cytology data were analyzed according to treatment modalities. Twenty-five patients (73%) had evidence of central nervous system (CNS) disease at time of diagnosis, stressing the frequency of CNS involvement early in the time course of HLH. Four additional patients who did not have initial CNS disease, who did not die early from HLH complications, and who were not transplanted, also developed a specific CNS disease. Therefore, all surviving and nontransplanted patients had CNS involvement. Initially, CNS manifestations consisted of isolated lymphocytic meningitis in 20 patients and meningitis with clinical and radiological neurological symptoms in nine patients. For these nine patients, neurological symptoms consisted of seizures, coma, brain stem symptoms, or ataxia. The outcome of patients treated by systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy and/or immunosuppression exclusively (n = 16) was poor, as all died following occurrence of multiple relapses or CNS disease progression in most cases. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from either an HLA identical sibling (n = 6) or haplo identical parent (n = 3) was performed in nine patients, once first remission of CNS and systemic disease was achieved. Seven are long-term survivors including three who received an HLA partially identical marrow. All seven are off treatment with normal neurological function and cognitive development. In four other patients, BMT performed following CNS relapses was unsuccessful. Given the frequency and the poor outcome of CNS disease in HLH, BMT appears, therefore, to be the only available treatment procedure that is capable of preventing HLH CNS disease progression and that can result in cure when performed early enough after remission induction.

scholarly journals The Biology of Brain Metastasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R Langley ◽  
Isaiah J Fidler
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial

BACKGROUND It is estimated that at least 200 000 cases of brain metastases occur each year in the US, which is 10 times the number of patients diagnosed with primary brain tumors. Brain metastasis is associated with poor prognosis, neurological deterioration, diminished quality of life, and extremely short survival. Favorable interactions between tumor cells and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells encourage tumor growth in the central nervous system, while tumor cell interactions with astrocytes protect brain metastases from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. CONTENT We review the pathogenesis of brain metastasis and emphasize the contributions of microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes to disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Animal models used to study brain metastasis are also discussed. SUMMARY Brain metastasis has many unmet clinical needs. There are few clinically relevant tumor models and no targeted therapies specific for brain metastases, and the mean survival for untreated patients is 5 weeks. Improved clinical outcomes are dependent on an enhanced understanding of the metastasis-initiating population of cells and the identification of microenvironmental factors that encourage disease progression in the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Traditional Uses of Cannabinoids and New Perspectives in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Medicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gado ◽  
Maria Digiacomo ◽  
Marco Macchia ◽  
Simone Bertini ◽  
Clementina Manera
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Recent findings highlight the emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in the control of symptoms and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic, immune-mediated, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system with no cure so far. It is widely reported in the literature that cannabinoids might be used to control MS symptoms and that they also might exert neuroprotective effects and slow down disease progression. This review aims to give an overview of the principal cannabinoids (synthetic and endogenous) used for the symptomatic amelioration of MS and their beneficial outcomes, providing new potentially possible perspectives for the treatment of this disease.

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