Severity of Unilateral Coronal Synostosis Linked to Intracranial Volume

Abstract Background Children born very preterm (VP) display altered growth in corticolimbic structures compared with full-term peers. Given the association between the cortiocolimbic system and anxiety, this study aimed to compare developmental trajectories of corticolimbic regions in VP children with and without anxiety diagnosis at 13 years. Methods MRI data from 124 VP children were used to calculate whole brain and corticolimbic region volumes at term-equivalent age (TEA), 7 and 13 years. The presence of an anxiety disorder was assessed at 13 years using a structured clinical interview. Results VP children who met criteria for an anxiety disorder at 13 years (n = 16) displayed altered trajectories for intracranial volume (ICV, p < 0.0001), total brain volume (TBV, p = 0.029), the right amygdala (p = 0.0009) and left hippocampus (p = 0.029) compared with VP children without anxiety (n = 108), with trends in the right hippocampus (p = 0.062) and left medial orbitofrontal cortex (p = 0.079). Altered trajectories predominantly reflected slower growth in early childhood (0–7 years) for ICV (β = −0.461, p = 0.020), TBV (β = −0.503, p = 0.021), left (β = −0.518, p = 0.020) and right hippocampi (β = −0.469, p = 0.020) and left medial orbitofrontal cortex (β = −0.761, p = 0.020) and did not persist after adjusting for TBV and social risk. Conclusions Region- and time-specific alterations in the development of the corticolimbic system in children born VP may help to explain an increase in anxiety disorders observed in this population.

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P100 Removing the orbital bar in fronto-orbital advancement and reconstruction

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. e48.3-e49

Author(s):

A Sheikh ◽

M Schramm ◽

P Carter ◽

J Russell ◽

M Liddington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Frontal Bone ◽

Cosmetic Results ◽

Absorbable Sutures ◽

Radiological Images ◽

Coronal Synostosis ◽

Excellent Source

ObjectivesTo describe our technique of using reverse frontal bone graft for FOAR for patients with metopic or coronal synostosis.DesignRetrospective analysis of digital records for operation notes and radiological images.SubjectsSince April 2014, 16 patients underwent FOAR without using orbital bar.MethodsWe plan a frontal bone graft using Marchac template and increase the angles on side by 1 cm. This graft is then reversed and supra orbital margins are drilled out. The orbital bar is then removed and drilled down to make bone dust which is then used to fill gaps on exposed dura. The reversed frontal graft is then placed in front and secured via absorbable sutures, plate and screws.ResultsAll 16 patients who underwent this technique have shown excellent cosmetic results with no complications or non healing. Removing orbital bar does not cause any cosmetic defect since orbital rims are drilled out in reverse frontal bone graft. The removed orbital bar provides an excellent source of bone dust to cover gaps on exposed dura.ConclusionsWe present our technique of FOAR without using orbital bar, which is drilled down to bone dust to fill gaps. This has shown excellent cosmetic results so far with no complications. This addresses the issue of temporal thinning.

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The Longitudinal Association of Walking Efficiency With Brain Volumes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2834 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 783-783

Author(s):

Jennifer Schrack ◽

Fangyu Liu ◽

Amal Wanigatunga ◽

Yang An ◽

Christos Davatzikos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Region Of Interest ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Age Related ◽

Lower Baseline ◽

Longitudinal Association ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Walking Efficiency

Abstract Walking efficiency (WE) predicts mobility decline and is linked with higher fatigability. Fatigability is associated with cognitive decline and reduced brain volumes (BV), but the link between WE and BV is undefined. We examined associations between WE and BV in 860 participants of the BLSA (mean age 66.4(14.4) years, 54.5% women). WE was assessed during 2.5-minutes of usual-paced walking using indirect calorimetry and standardized per meter (ml/kg/m). BV measures were derived using MRI scans and an automated multi-atlas region-of-interest approach. In linear mixed models adjusted for demographics, education, BMI, intracranial volume, and cognitive status, lower baseline WE was associated with lower total, white, and gray matter, primarily in the frontal and temporal lobes (all p<0.05). Longitudinally, declining WE was associated with increasing ventricular and decreasing hippocampal volumes over follow-up (all p<0.01). Findings suggest rising age-related inefficiencies may reflect underlying brain atrophy and serve as a novel indicator for future interventions.

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Arterial stiffness and progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in patients with type 2 diabetes and matched controls: a 5-year cohort study

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/s13098-021-00691-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kristian L. Funck ◽

Esben Laugesen ◽

Pernille Høyem ◽

Brian Stausbøl-Grøn ◽

Won Y. Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cohort Study ◽

White Matter ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Study Data ◽

Cerebral White Matter ◽

Intracranial Volume

Abstract Background Stroke is a serious complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Arterial stiffness may improve stroke prediction. We investigated the association between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [PWV] and the progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a marker of stroke risk, in patients with T2DM and controls. Methods In a 5-year cohort study, data from 45 patients and 59 non-diabetic controls were available for analysis. At baseline, participants had a mean (± SD) age of 59 ± 10 years and patients had a median (range) diabetes duration of 1.8 (0.8–3.2) years. PWV was obtained by tonometry and WMH volume by an automated segmentation algorithm based on cerebral T2-FLAIR and T1 MRI (corrected by intracranial volume, cWMH). High PWV was defined above 8.94 m/s (corresponding to the reference of high PWV above 10 m/s using the standardized path length method). Results Patients with T2DM had a higher PWV than controls (8.8 ± 2.2 vs. 7.9 ± 1.4 m/s, p < 0.01). WMH progression were similar in the two groups (p = 0.5). One m/s increase in baseline PWV was associated with a 16% [95% CI 1–32%], p < 0.05) increase in cWMH volume at 5 years follow-up after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, pulse pressure and smoking. High PWV was associated with cWMH progression in the combined cohort (p < 0.05). We found no interaction between diabetes and PWV on cWMH progression. Conclusions PWV is associated with cWMH progression in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls. Our results indicate that arterial stiffness may be involved early in the pathophysiology leading to cerebrovascular diseases.

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Thalamic Volume Mediates Associations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Memory in People With Parkinson’s

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1619 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 501-502

Author(s):

Andrew Petkus ◽

Megan Gomez ◽

Dawn Schiehser ◽

Vincent Filoteo ◽

Jennifer Hui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basal Ganglia ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Vo2 Max ◽

Basal Ganglia Structures

Abstract Cognitive deficits occur in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with both current and future cognitive decline in this disease. The underlying neurobiological factors explaining this relationship, however, are not well known. In this cross-sectional study we examined the associations between CRF and cognitive performance and whether such associations were mediated by grey matter volumes of basal ganglia structures. A total of 33 individuals with PD underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), CRF evaluation (VO2max), and neuropsychological assessment. Composite scores of episodic memory, executive functioning, attention, language, and visuospatial functioning were generated. Brain MRI morphological measurements was performed with the Freesurfer image analysis suite. Structural equation models were constructed to examine whether sMRI volume estimates of basal ganglia structures, specifically the thalamus and pallidum, mediated associations between VO2 max and cognitive performance while adjusting for age, education, PD disease duration, sex, and intracranial volume. Higher VO2max was associated with better episodic memory (Standardized β=0.390; p=0.009), executive functioning (Standardized β=0.263; p=0.021), and visuospatial performance (β=0.408; p=0.004). Higher VO2max was associated with larger thalamic (Standardized β=0.602; p<0.001) and pallidum (Standardized β=0.539; p<0.001) volumes. Thalamic volume significantly mediated the association between higher VO2max and better episodic memory (indirect effect=0.209) and visuospatial ability (indirect effect=0.178) performance (p<.05). The pallidum did not significantly mediate associations between VO2 max and cognitive outcomes. These results suggest the thalamus plays an important role in the association between CRF episodic memory and visuospatial functioning in individuals with PD.

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Cortical Volume, Thickness, and Surface Area in the Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-201576 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Helena M. Blumen ◽

Emily Schwartz ◽

Gilles Allali ◽

Olivier Beauchet ◽

Michele Callisaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Sex Education ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Cortical Atrophy ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Cortical Volume ◽

Cognitive Risk ◽

Cognitive Complaint

Background: The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-clinical stage of dementia characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaint. Yet, the brain substrates of MCR are not well established. Objective: To examine cortical thickness, volume, and surface area associated with MCR in the MCR-Neuroimaging Consortium, which harmonizes image processing/analysis of multiple cohorts. Methods: Two-hundred MRIs (M age 72.62 years; 47.74%female; 33.17%MCR) from four different cohorts (50 each) were first processed with FreeSurfer 6.0, and then analyzed using multivariate and univariate general linear models with 1,000 bootstrapped samples (n-1; with resampling). All models adjusted for age, sex, education, white matter lesions, total intracranial volume, and study site. Results: Overall, cortical thickness was lower in individuals with MCR than in those without MCR. There was a trend in the same direction for cortical volume (p = 0.051). Regional cortical thickness was also lower among individuals with MCR than individuals without MCR in prefrontal, insular, temporal, and parietal regions. Conclusion: Cortical atrophy in MCR is pervasive, and include regions previously associated with human locomotion, but also social, cognitive, affective, and motor functions. Cortical atrophy in MCR is easier to detect in cortical thickness than volume and surface area because thickness is more affected by healthy and pathological aging.

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