scholarly journals First evidence of fish larvae producing sounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 20140643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Staaterman ◽  
Claire B. Paris ◽  
Andrew S. Kough
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Lutjanus Griseus ◽  
Exact Function

The acoustic ecology of marine fishes has traditionally focused on adults, while overlooking the early life-history stages. Here, we document the first acoustic recordings of pre-settlement stage grey snapper larvae ( Lutjanus griseus ). Through a combination of in situ and unprovoked laboratory recordings, we found that L. griseus larvae are acoustically active during the night, producing ‘knock’ and ‘growl’ sounds that are spectrally and temporally similar to those of adults. While the exact function and physiological mechanisms of sound production in fish larvae are unknown, we suggest that these sounds may enable snapper larvae to maintain group cohesion at night when visual cues are reduced.

scholarly journals Fish larvae and recruitment patterns in floodplain lagoons of the Australian Wet Tropics

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Godfrey ◽  
Angela H. Arthington ◽  
Richard G. Pearson ◽  
Fazlul Karim ◽  
Jim Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Recruitment Patterns ◽  
Threatened Habitats ◽  
Flood Dynamics

Floodplain lagoons in the Queensland Wet Tropics bioregion, Australia, are important and threatened habitats for fish. As part of studies to assess their ecological condition and functions, we examined patterns of occurrence of fish larvae, juveniles and adults in 10 permanent lagoons on the Tully–Murray floodplain. Lagoons contained early life-history stages of 15 of the 21 native species present, including 11 species that complete their life cycle in fresh waters and 4 that require access to saline habitats for larval development. Lagoon connectivity to the rivers, distance from the coast and flood dynamics influenced temporal variation in fish abundance, population size structures and recruitment patterns. This study and the literature show that wet, post-wet and dry-season habitats are utilised by small opportunists (e.g. Melanotaenia splendida), an equilibrium species (Glossamia aprion) and larger periodic strategists (neosilurid catfishes). Maintenance of natural seasonal patterns of flow and connectivity, and active protection of permanent floodplain lagoons from riparian and land-use disturbance, will be essential if their roles in fish recruitment are to be sustained.

Measurement of swimming ability in larval marine fishes: comparison of critical speed with in situ speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Leis
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Laboratory Measure ◽  
Laboratory Flume

For much of their pelagic larval dispersal (PLD) stage, larval perciform fishes are able to directly influence their dispersal by horizontal swimming, but it is unclear which means of measuring swimming ability is most appropriate for modelling dispersal and studying demographic and genetic connectivity. Most studies use critical speed (Ucrit), a laboratory flume measure derived by increasing flow until larvae can no longer maintain their position. Most swimming ability data on fish larvae are Ucrit, usually for larvae nearing the end of PLD. Recognizing that a forced laboratory measure is inappropriate for dispersal, researchers have used decreased Ucrit values, usually by 50%, and have argued that Ucrit is strongly correlated with more relevant swimming measures. Here I examined the suitability of Ucrit versus in situ speed (ISS), wherein speed of larvae is measured by divers following them in the ocean with a flow meter. Considerations of dispersal require inclusion of swimming ontogeny. Swimming speed regressions of speed on size of 10 species in 8 families showed that Ucrit and ISS are not well correlated. The Ucrit:standard length (SL) slope was greater than the ISS:SL slope in 6 species, and did not differ in the other 4 species. No overall metric, e.g. X% of Ucrit = ISS, was appropriate for conversion of Ucrit to ISS. Conversion of Ucrit to ISS is not straightforward. Ucrit measures swimming potential, not what larvae do in the ocean, whereas ISS directly measures larvae swimming in the ocean. Ucrit ontogeny is less variable, but ISS ontogeny is more relevant to dispersal. Ucrit may be useful for other purposes.

scholarly journals Seeds and Seedlings in a Changing World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from High Altitude and High Latitude Ecosystems

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Jerónimo Vázquez-Ramírez ◽  
Susanna E. Venn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Early Snowmelt

The early life-history stages of plants, such as germination and seedling establishment, depend on favorable environmental conditions. Changes in the environment at high altitude and high latitude regions, as a consequence of climate change, will significantly affect these life stages and may have profound effects on species recruitment and survival. Here, we synthesize the current knowledge of climate change effects on treeline, tundra, and alpine plants’ early life-history stages. We systematically searched the available literature on this subject up until February 2020 and recovered 835 potential articles that matched our search terms. From these, we found 39 studies that matched our selection criteria. We characterized the studies within our review and performed a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted meta-data regarding the climatic effects likely to change in these regions, including projected warming, early snowmelt, changes in precipitation, nutrient availability and their effects on seed maturation, seed dormancy, germination, seedling emergence and seedling establishment. Although the studies showed high variability in their methods and studied species, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted data allowed us to detect existing patterns and knowledge gaps. For example, warming temperatures seemed to favor all studied life stages except seedling establishment, a decrease in precipitation had a strong negative effect on seed stages and, surprisingly, early snowmelt had a neutral effect on seed dormancy and germination but a positive effect on seedling establishment. For some of the studied life stages, data within the literature were too limited to identify a precise effect. There is still a need for investigations that increase our understanding of the climate change impacts on high altitude and high latitude plants’ reproductive processes, as this is crucial for plant conservation and evidence-based management of these environments. Finally, we make recommendations for further research based on the identified knowledge gaps.

scholarly journals Adding colour-realistic video images to audio playbacks increases stimulus engagement but does not enhance vocal learning in zebra finches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Varkevisser ◽  
Ralph Simon ◽  
Ezequiel Mendoza ◽  
Martin How ◽  
Idse van Hijlkema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Video Images

AbstractBird song and human speech are learned early in life and for both cases engagement with live social tutors generally leads to better learning outcomes than passive audio-only exposure. Real-world tutor–tutee relations are normally not uni- but multimodal and observations suggest that visual cues related to sound production might enhance vocal learning. We tested this hypothesis by pairing appropriate, colour-realistic, high frame-rate videos of a singing adult male zebra finch tutor with song playbacks and presenting these stimuli to juvenile zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Juveniles exposed to song playbacks combined with video presentation of a singing bird approached the stimulus more often and spent more time close to it than juveniles exposed to audio playback only or audio playback combined with pixelated and time-reversed videos. However, higher engagement with the realistic audio–visual stimuli was not predictive of better song learning. Thus, although multimodality increased stimulus engagement and biologically relevant video content was more salient than colour and movement equivalent videos, the higher engagement with the realistic audio–visual stimuli did not lead to enhanced vocal learning. Whether the lack of three-dimensionality of a video tutor and/or the lack of meaningful social interaction make them less suitable for facilitating song learning than audio–visual exposure to a live tutor remains to be tested.

Inbreeding depression and floral type fitness differences in Viola canadensis (Violaceae), a species with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1420-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa M Culley
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Similar Survival ◽  
Cross Type

Few studies of inbreeding depression have focused on species producing both showy, chasmogamous (CH) flowers and self-pollinated, cleistogamous (CL) flowers. The goals of this investigation were to measure the level of inbreeding depression in the North American violet, Viola canadensis L., and to determine if any fitness differences were linked to floral type (CH versus CL) rather than to cross type (self versus outcross). Hand pollinations were carried out to produce self- and outcross-pollinated CH progeny, and CL seeds were also collected. In a greenhouse, selfed and outcrossed CH flowers produced similar numbers of seeds, and both types of progeny had similar survival rates and comparable numbers of CH flowers, although outcrossed CH progeny had 14% greater vegetative biomass than selfed CH progeny. The level of inbreeding depression in V. canadensis was low, indicating that there may be few drawbacks to selfing in this species. A comparison of CL and self-pollinated CH progeny showed that, although there were differences in CH flower number, overall fitness differences were minimal. The similar performance of selfed (CL and CH) and outcrossed progeny in early life-history stages of V. canadensis suggests a history of inbreeding in the population.Key words: cleistogamy, inbreeding depression, outcrossing, selfing, Viola canadensis.

Significance of Egg and Larval Size to Recruitment Variability of Temperate Marine Fish

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1820-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pepin ◽  
Ransom A. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Recruitment Variability

Recruitment variability is commonly associated with fluctuations in abundance of marine fish populations. Previous studies have focussed on stock-specific correlative or mechanistic models or on comparisons of recruitment variations of several stocks or species. The purpose of this study is to determine whether recruitment variability of commercial marine fish populations is associated with either size or the duration of early life history stages. The analysis was performed with data from 86 stocks representing 21 species of commercial marine fish. Univariate analysis shows that neither egg size nor the length at hatch is significantly correlated with recruitment variability. The change in length during the larval phase, which is representative of the duration of the stage, is significantly positively correlated with recruitment variability. Multivariate analysis shows that recruitment variability increases with increasing length at metamorphosis but that recruitment variability is poorly associated with length at hatch. The degree of serial correlation is related to the relative duration of egg and larval stages. The results clearly indicate that recruitment variability is linked to characteristics of early life history stages.

Juveniles and larvae of eleven fish species collected from three countries of the Arabian Gulf and the Arabian Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-468
Author(s):  
L.A. Jawad ◽  
F. Mutlak ◽  
A.R.M. Mohamed ◽  
J.M. Al-Mamry ◽  
E.K. Hameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Tenualosa Ilisha ◽  
Sparidentex Hasta ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time

The finding of larval and juvenile specimens from the Omani coast of the Arabian Sea and the Arabian Gulf waters of Saudi Arabia and Iraq is reported for the first time. Based on available information, one larva was a leptocephalus, Conger sp. (family Congridae) and one larva of an acronurus stage belonging to the genus Acanthurus (family Acanthuridae). Also juveniles of the following families are included in the present study: Clupeidae – Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) and Nematalosa sp.; Dactylopteridae – Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier, 1829); Gobiidae – Acentrogobius sp.; Bothidae – Arnoglossus aspilos (Bleeker, 1851); Scatophagidae – Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766); Sparidae – Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 and Sparidentex hasta (Valenciennes, 1830); Tetraodontidae – Lagocephalus sp. The discovery of the barred rather than spotted juveniles of S. argus collected from pure freshwater environment of the Shatt al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq was remarkable; it raises questions whether there is more than one species within the nominal S. argus. For both larvae and juveniles of bothid flounders, the olfactory organ is a useful character for the examination of the developmental stage of the metamorphosing specimens. The occurrence of the different early life history stages of fishes from the three Arabian countries shows the needs them to be studied further so that inferences about the areas and periods of spawning and development of these fishes can be made more accurately.

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