scholarly journals Highly individualistic rates of plant phenological advance associated with arctic sea ice dynamics

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 20160332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Post ◽  
Jeffrey Kerby ◽  
Christian Pedersen ◽  
Heidi Steltzer
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Decline ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
Species Specific

We analysed 12 years of species-specific emergence dates of plants at a Low-Arctic site near Kangerlussuaq, Greenland to investigate associations with sea ice dynamics, a potential contributor to local temperature variation in near-coastal tundra. Species displayed highly variable rates of phenological advance, from a maximum of −2.55 ± 0.17 and −2.93 ± 0.51 d yr −1 among a graminoid and forb, respectively, to a minimum of −0.55 ± 0.19 d yr −1 or no advance at all in the two deciduous shrub species. Monthly Arctic-wide sea ice extent was a significant predictor of emergence timing in 10 of 14 species. Despite variation in rates of advance among species, these rates were generally greatest in the earliest emerging species, for which monthly sea ice extent was also the primary predictor of emergence. Variation among species in rates of phenological advance reshuffled the phenological community, with deciduous shrubs leafing out progressively later relative to forbs and graminoids. Because early species advanced more rapidly than late species, and because rates of advance were greatest in species for which emergence phenology was associated with sea ice dynamics, accelerating sea ice decline may contribute to further divergence between early- and late-emerging species in this community.

Impact of wave-induced sea ice fragmentation on sea ice dynamics in the MIZ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Boutin ◽  
Timothy Williams ◽  
Pierre Rampal ◽  
Einar Olason ◽  
Camille Lique
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
Wave Induced ◽  
The Impact

<p>The decrease in Arctic sea ice extent is associated with an increase of the area where sea ice and open ocean interact, commonly referred to as the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ). In this area, sea ice is particularly exposed to waves that can penetrate over tens to hundreds of kilometres into the ice cover. Waves are known to play a major role in the fragmentation of sea ice in the MIZ, and the interactions between wave-induced sea ice fragmentation and lateral melting have received particular attention in recent years. The impact of this fragmentation on sea ice dynamics, however, remains mostly unknown, although it is thought that fragmented sea ice experiences less resistance to deformation than pack ice. In this presentation, we will introduce a new coupled framework involving the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III and the sea ice model neXtSIM, which includes a Maxwell-Elasto Brittle rheology. We use this coupled modelling system to investigate the potential impact of wave-induced sea ice fragmentation on sea ice dynamics. Focusing on the Barents Sea, we find that the decrease of the internal stress of sea ice resulting from its fragmentation by waves results in a more dynamical MIZ, in particular in areas where sea ice is compact. Sea ice drift is enhanced for both on-ice and off-ice wind conditions. Our results stress the importance of considering wave–sea-ice interactions for forecast applications. They also suggest that waves likely modulate the area of sea ice that is advected away from the pack by ocean (sub-)mesoscale eddies near the ice edge, potentially contributing to the observed past, current and future sea ice cover decline in the Arctic. </p>

scholarly journals Wave–sea-ice interactions in a brittle rheological framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Boutin ◽  
Timothy Williams ◽  
Pierre Rampal ◽  
Einar Olason ◽  
Camille Lique
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
Wave Induced ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The decrease in Arctic sea ice extent is associated with an increase of the area where sea ice and open ocean interact, commonly referred to as the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ). In this area, sea ice is particularly exposed to waves that can penetrate over tens to hundreds of kilometres into the ice cover. Waves are known to play a major role in the fragmentation of sea ice in the MIZ, and the interactions between wave-induced sea ice fragmentation and lateral melting have received particular attention in recent years. The impact of this fragmentation on sea ice dynamics, however, remains mostly unknown, although it is thought that fragmented sea ice experiences less resistance to deformation than pack ice. Here, we introduce a new coupled framework involving the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III and the sea ice model neXtSIM, which includes a Maxwell-Elasto Brittle rheology. We use this coupled modelling system to investigate the potential impact of wave-induced sea ice fragmentation on sea ice dynamics. Focusing on the Barents Sea, we find that the decrease of the internal stress of sea ice resulting from its fragmentation by waves results in a more dynamical MIZ, in particular in areas where sea ice is compact. Sea ice drift is enhanced for both on-ice and off-ice wind conditions. Our results stress the importance of considering wave–sea-ice interactions for forecast applications. They also suggest that waves likely modulate the area of sea ice that is advected away from the pack by ocean (sub-)mesoscale eddies near the ice edge, potentially contributing to the observed past, current and future sea ice cover decline in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Mechanisms for low-frequency variability of summer Arctic sea ice extent

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (15) ◽  
pp. 4570-4575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Low Frequency Variability ◽  
Sea Ice Decline ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice Extent

Satellite observations reveal a substantial decline in September Arctic sea ice extent since 1979, which has played a leading role in the observed recent Arctic surface warming and has often been attributed, in large part, to the increase in greenhouse gases. However, the most rapid decline occurred during the recent global warming hiatus period. Previous studies are often focused on a single mechanism for changes and variations of summer Arctic sea ice extent, and many are based on short observational records. The key players for summer Arctic sea ice extent variability at multidecadal/centennial time scales and their contributions to the observed summer Arctic sea ice decline are not well understood. Here a multiple regression model is developed for the first time, to the author’s knowledge, to provide a framework to quantify the contributions of three key predictors (Atlantic/Pacific heat transport into the Arctic, and Arctic Dipole) to the internal low-frequency variability of Summer Arctic sea ice extent, using a 3,600-y-long control climate model simulation. The results suggest that changes in these key predictors could have contributed substantially to the observed summer Arctic sea ice decline. If the ocean heat transport into the Arctic were to weaken in the near future due to internal variability, there might be a hiatus in the decline of September Arctic sea ice. The modeling results also suggest that at multidecadal/centennial time scales, variations in the atmosphere heat transport across the Arctic Circle are forced by anticorrelated variations in the Atlantic heat transport into the Arctic.

Arctic sea-ice decline impacts on primary production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Tedesco ◽  
Eva Leu ◽  
Marc Macias-Fauria ◽  
Christopher J. Mundy ◽  
Dirk Notz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Decline ◽  
Marine Primary Production

<p>Arctic food webs are short and relatively species poor, rendering them vulnerable to changes or perturbations at any individual trophic level. High-latitude warming represents one major source of potential perturbation to Arctic marine and terrestrial food webs, which may experience cascading effects derived from changes in primary production through so-called “bottom-up” effects. We synthesize current knowledge on i) the changing Arctic marine icescape, ii) the drivers of biological changes for Arctic marine primary production, iii) the different pulses of Arctic marine primary production, iv) patterns of marine trophic and phenological changes, and iv) some mechanisms through which sea-ice dynamics ostensibly influence terrestrial primary productivity. We deliver a set of predictions for key productivity indicators, propose a semi-quantitative model of the expected future changes in primary production in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean, and close with an overview of the challenges ahead for reaching a holistic and comprehensive understanding of the ecosystem dynamical consequences and associated impacts on human life of warming-related sea-ice decline.</p>

scholarly journals Autumn atmospheric response to the 2007 low Arctic sea ice extent in coupled ocean–atmosphere hindcasts

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2437-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan J. Orsolini ◽  
Retish Senan ◽  
Rasmus E. Benestad ◽  
Arne Melsom
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Atmospheric Response ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice Extent

scholarly journals A new pattern of the moisture transport for precipitation related to the drastic decline in Arctic sea ice extent

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Gimeno-Sotelo ◽  
Raquel Nieto ◽  
Marta Vázquez ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Sea Ice Decline ◽  
Moisture Fluxes

Abstract. In this study we use the term moisture transport for precipitation for a target region as the moisture coming to this region from its major moisture sources resulting in precipitation over the target region (MTP). We have identified changes in the pattern of moisture transport for precipitation over the Arctic region, the Arctic Ocean, and its 13 main subdomains concurrent with the major sea ice decline that occurred in 2003. The pattern consists of a general decrease in moisture transport in summer and enhanced moisture transport in autumn and early winter, with different contributions depending on the moisture source and ocean subregion. The pattern is statistically significant and consistent with changes in the vertically integrated moisture fluxes and frequency of circulation types. The results of this paper also reveal that the assumed and partially documented enhanced poleward moisture transport from lower latitudes as a consequence of increased moisture from climate change seems to be less simple and constant than typically recognised in relation to enhanced Arctic precipitation throughout the year in the present climate.

Spatial hierarchy in Arctic sea ice dynamics

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lyn Mcnutt ◽  
James E. Overland
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Spatial Hierarchy

scholarly journals Temperature, carbon dioxide and methane

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Hambler ◽  
Peter A. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics

Abstract 1) Globally-representative monthly rates of change of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane are compared with global rates of change of sea ice and with Arctic and Antarctic air temperatures. 2) Carbon dioxide is very strongly correlated with sea ice dynamics, with the carbon dioxide rate at Mauna Loa lagging sea ice extent rate by 7 months. 3) Methane is very strongly correlated with sea ice dynamics, with the global (and Mauna Loa) methane rate lagging sea ice extent rate by 5 months. 4) Sea ice melt rate peaks in very tight synchrony with temperature in each Hemisphere. 5) The very high synchrony of the two gases is most parsimoniously explained by a common causality acting in both Hemispheres. 6) Time lags between variables indicate primary drivers of the gas dynamics are due to solar action on the polar regions, not mid-latitudes as is conventionally believed. 7) Results are consistent with a proposed role of a high-latitude temperature-dependent abiotic variable such as sea ice in the annual cycles of carbon dioxide and methane. 8) If sea ice does not drive the net flux of these gases, it is a highly precise proxy for whatever does. 9) Potential mechanisms should be investigated urgently.

scholarly journals The perfect pattern of moisture transport for precipitation for Arctic sea ice melting

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Gimeno-Sotelo ◽  
Raquel Nieto ◽  
Marta Vázquez ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Sea Ice Decline ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
Main Change

Abstract. We have identified the patterns of moisture transport for precipitation over the Arctic region, the Arctic Ocean, and its 13 main subdomains, which better fit with sea ice decline. For this purpose, we studied the different patterns of moisture transport for the case of high/low Arctic sea ice (ASI) extension linked to periods before/after the main change point (CP) in the extension of sea ice. The pattern consists of a general decrease in moisture transport in summer and enhanced moisture transport in autumn and early winter, with different contributions depending on the moisture source and ocean subregion. The pattern is not only statistically significant but also consistent with Eulerian fluxes diagnosis, changes in the frequency of circulation types, and known mechanisms of the effects of snowfall or rainfall on ice in the Arctic. The results of this paper also reveal that the assumed and partially documented enhanced poleward moisture transport from lower latitudes as a consequence of increased moisture from climate change seems to be less simple and constant than typically recognized in relation to enhanced Arctic precipitation throughout the year in the present climate.

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