scholarly journals Modelling stripe formation in zebrafish: an agent-based approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (112) ◽  
pp. 20150812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Volkening ◽  
Björn Sandstede
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Pigment Cell ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Stripe Pattern ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Long Range Interactions

Zebrafish have distinctive black stripes and yellow interstripes that form owing to the interaction of different pigment cells. We present a two-population agent-based model for the development and regeneration of these stripes and interstripes informed by recent experimental results. Our model describes stripe pattern formation, laser ablation and mutations. We find that fish growth shortens the necessary scale for long-range interactions and that iridophores, a third type of pigment cell, help align stripes and interstripes.

Zebrafish Pigment Pattern Formation: Insights into the Development and Evolution of Adult Form

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 505-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa B. Patterson ◽  
David M. Parichy
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Pigment Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Pigment Pattern ◽  
Adult Form ◽  
Pattern Development ◽  
Pigment Patterns

Vertebrate pigment patterns are diverse and fascinating adult traits that allow animals to recognize conspecifics, attract mates, and avoid predators. Pigment patterns in fish are among the most amenable traits for studying the cellular basis of adult form, as the cells that produce diverse patterns are readily visible in the skin during development. The genetic basis of pigment pattern development has been most studied in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Zebrafish adults have alternating dark and light horizontal stripes, resulting from the precise arrangement of three main classes of pigment cells: black melanophores, yellow xanthophores, and iridescent iridophores. The coordination of adult pigment cell lineage specification and differentiation with specific cellular interactions and morphogenetic behaviors is necessary for stripe development. Besides providing a nice example of pattern formation responsible for an adult trait of zebrafish, stripe-forming mechanisms also provide a conceptual framework for posing testable hypotheses about pattern diversification more broadly. Here, we summarize what is known about lineages and molecular interactions required for pattern formation in zebrafish, we review some of what is known about pattern diversification in Danio, and we speculate on how patterns in more distant teleosts may have evolved to produce a stunningly diverse array of patterns in nature.

Long range interactions and related C-C bonds reconstruction between interior and surface defects in nanodiamonds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boukhvalov Danil W ◽  
Vladimir Yu Osipov ◽  
Kazuyuki Takai
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dangling Bonds ◽  
Long Range Interactions

Interactions between interior substitutional nitrogen defects and surface unsaturated dangling bonds in synthetic nanodiamonds of ~25 nm size were explored experimentally and theoretically. The experimental results demonstrate the disappearance of...

scholarly journals Thyroid hormone regulates distinct paths to maturation in pigment cell lineages

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M Saunders ◽  
Abhishek K Mishra ◽  
Andrew J Aman ◽  
Victor M Lewis ◽  
Matthew B Toomey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Pigment Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Stripe Pattern ◽  
Yellow Orange

Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates diverse developmental events and can drive disparate cellular outcomes. In zebrafish, TH has opposite effects on neural crest derived pigment cells of the adult stripe pattern, limiting melanophore population expansion, yet increasing yellow/orange xanthophore numbers. To learn how TH elicits seemingly opposite responses in cells having a common embryological origin, we analyzed individual transcriptomes from thousands of neural crest-derived cells, reconstructed developmental trajectories, identified pigment cell-lineage specific responses to TH, and assessed roles for TH receptors. We show that TH promotes maturation of both cell types but in distinct ways. In melanophores, TH drives terminal differentiation, limiting final cell numbers. In xanthophores, TH promotes accumulation of orange carotenoids, making the cells visible. TH receptors act primarily to repress these programs when TH is limiting. Our findings show how a single endocrine factor integrates very different cellular activities during the generation of adult form.

scholarly journals Influence of survival, promotion, and growth on pattern formation in zebrafish skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Konow ◽  
Ziyao Li ◽  
Samantha Shepherd ◽  
Domenico Bullara ◽  
Irving R. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Turing Instability ◽  
Survival Model ◽  
Domain Growth ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Diffusion Scheme ◽  
Experimental Findings

AbstractThe coloring of zebrafish skin is often used as a model system to study biological pattern formation. However, the small number and lack of movement of chromatophores defies traditional Turing-type pattern generating mechanisms. Recent models invoke discrete short-range competition and long-range promotion between different pigment cells as an alternative to a reaction-diffusion scheme. In this work, we propose a lattice-based “Survival model,” which is inspired by recent experimental findings on the nature of long-range chromatophore interactions. The Survival model produces stationary patterns with diffuse stripes and undergoes a Turing instability. We also examine the effect that domain growth, ubiquitous in biological systems, has on the patterns in both the Survival model and an earlier “Promotion” model. In both cases, domain growth alone is capable of orienting Turing patterns above a threshold wavelength and can reorient the stripes in ablated cells, though the wavelength for which the patterns orient is much larger for the Survival model. While the Survival model is a simplified representation of the multifaceted interactions between pigment cells, it reveals complex organizational behavior and may help to guide future studies.

Pigment cell mechanism of postembryonic stripe pattern formation in the Japanese four-lined snake

2015 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arata Murakami ◽  
Masami Hasegawa ◽  
Takeo Kuriyama
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Pigment Cell ◽  
Stripe Pattern

From Classical Models of Morphogenesis to Agent-Based Models of Pattern Formation

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonabeau
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Pattern Forming

An extremely large body of theoretical work exists on pattern formation, but very few experimental results have confirmed the relevance of theoretical models. It is argued in this article that the notion of agent-based pattern formation, which is introduced and exemplified, can serve as a basis to study pattern formation in nature, especially because pattern-forming systems based on agents are (relatively) more easily amenable to experimental observations. Moreover, understanding agent-based pattern formation is a necessary step if one wishes to design distributed artificial pattern-forming systems. But, to achieve this goal, a theory of agent-based pattern formation is needed. This article suggests that it can certainly be derived from existing theories of pattern formation.

NONEQUILIBRIUM PATTERN FORMATION INVOLVING BOTH CONSERVED AND NONCONSERVED ORDER PARAMETERS AND EFFECT OF LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS

1993 ◽  
Vol 07 (29n30) ◽  
pp. 1857-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
LONG-QING CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Order Parameters ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Coulomb Interactions ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Recent progress in the computer simulation of nonequilibrium and nonlinear morphological pattern formation involving two or more order parameters is reviewed. A computer simulation technique based on microscopic diffusion theory is presented and applied to the dynamics of simultaneous atomic ordering and compositional clustering in crystalline solid solutions. The effects of long-range elastic and Coulomb interactions on the morphological patterns are discussed.

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