scholarly journals The earliest Fellows of the Royal Society

1950 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-192 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

The Royal Society was granted its first charter of incorporation on 15 July 1662, its second on 22 April 1663. Both charters name the President and the members of the Council of the Society; the second empowers the President and Council within the two months immediately succeeding the grant to admit into the Society as Fellows such persons as they (or a specified majority of them) shall think fit; after the two months have elapsed the right of admitting new Fellows is to belong to the President, Council, and existing Fellows. In accordance with this grant ninety-four Fellows were admitted on 20 May 1663 and four more on 22 June 1663 ; these ninety-eight are known as ‘Original Fellows‘. The Council consisted of twenty members apart from the President. The Society had originated in a group of scientists who first met about 1645. This group held informal meetings and apparently kept no records. On 28 November 1660 its members (or some of them) determined to hold their meetings more regularly and to form themselves into an association for doing so. The association, which for convenience may be called the Philosophical Society, drew up rules, provided for funds, and kept records. The last, so far as they are adequate, show who were admitted as members and when they were admitted. The President, the members of the first and second Councils, and the Original Fellows of the Royal Society, had almost all been members of the Philosophical Society; the dates when they became members of the Philosophical Society are therefore of greater interest, both for the history of the Society and for their individual biographies, than the dates of their appearance as Fellows of the Royal Society. The first of the following lists gives these dates, which are here brought together for the first time. In the course of compilation a few names were found of members or apparent members of the earlier society who did not become Fellows of the later one until after 22 June 1663 ; these names have been brought together in a second list. A third list contains the names of those members of the Philosophical Society who never became Fellows of the Royal Society as constituted under the Second Charter.

Introductory remarks

1973 ◽  
Vol 267 (882) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Special Committee ◽  
Keen Interest ◽  
National Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Royal Charter ◽  
First Time

On behalf of the organizers I should like to add our welcome to that of the President, and to say how gratified we are that this meeting has attracted such a large and distinguished gathering, representative of so many agricultural interests. I think it is not generally known that the Royal Society has a long history of direct interest in agricultural matters, for in 1662, when the Society received its Royal Charter, it appointed a special committee - the Committee for Agriculture, or the Georgicall Committee - which met for the first time in that year on 20 March. This is 311 years ago almost to the day. It is particularly interesting and significant to us meeting here today that the Society and its Committee showed a proper concern for agricultural practice and its national importance, as well, of course, as a keen interest in scientific matters. Furthermore, special measures were initiated to implement the Committee’s ideas and decisions through the members of the Society, and these measures embraced horticultural and forestry topics as well as those of agricultural pertinence.

Nathanael Vincent and Confucius's ‘great learning’ in restoration England

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
English Language ◽  
Great Learning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restoration England ◽  
Charles Ii ◽  
First Time

This paper outlines the sinological activities of Nathanael Vincent (d. 1722), an obscure and elusive fellow of the Royal Society (1683–7; readmitted 1694) who was also fellow of Clare Hall in Cambridge and chaplain in ordinary to Charles II. An amateur scientist operating in the shadow of the great fellows of the early Royal Society, Vincent's involvement ranged from investigating the work of Denis Papin to presenting a manuscript of Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica . However, his greatest contribution to the intellectual history of the Restoration is located in his 1685 translation of Confucius's ‘Great Learning’, which seems to be the first time that a Confucian book began to be printed in the English language. Hitherto unnoticed, hidden away in an appendix to a court sermon, it nonetheless represented part of the interest in Chinese culture in the circles of the early Royal Society. This paper places Vincent in the context of the activities of the early Royal Society and offers an overview of this interest in sinology. It then considers how Vincent gained access to Confucian texts, how he was able to ‘translate’ from them, and what ramifications the philosophy had for an Anglican divine in Restoration England.

The Radium Committee of the Royal Society and the fate of the substances purchased by it

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Todd
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Fund ◽  
World War ◽  
Ernest Rutherford ◽  
History Of ◽  
Government Laboratory ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time

In this article, documents relating to the history of the Radium Committee of the Royal Society are collated for the first time. Founded in 1903, the committee had its status enhanced in 1904, when the Goldsmiths' Company donated £1000 for the establishment of a Radium Research Fund. Two years later the fund was used to purchase 500 kg of pitchblende residues from the Austrian government. The French chemist Armet de Lisle was contracted to perform the first stage of extraction, and the process of purification was performed at the Government Laboratory during 1907 by the Government Analyst, T. E. Thorpe, yielding an estimated 70 mg of radium chloride. In 1914 the unexpended balance of about £500 was awarded to Ernest Rutherford, but the bulk was not used until 1921, when Rutherford had moved to Cambridge. The fund was then used to purchase radium that had been on loan to him from Austria before World War I. After Rutherford's death in 1937 the Committee was wound up, and the Society's radium was controlled on a more ad hoc basis. After Thorpe's work in 1907, the radium was lent out successively to several leading scientists until its existence was last recorded in 1953.

scholarly journals VI. A letter from James Parsons, M.D. F. R. S. to the Right Honourable the Earl of Morton, President of the Royal Society; on the the double horns of the rhinoceros

1766 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Mr Lord; When I had the honor of laying my natural history of the Rhinoceros before this learned Society in 1743, which is printed in number 470, page 523, of the Transactions, I had not an opportunity of shewing a double horn to the members; I have, therefore, taken this first occasion to entertain the present members with a sight of a noble specimen of the horns of an African Rhinoceros, brought from the Cape of Good Hope, by my curious and worthy friend William Maguire esquire, among many other curiosities; presuming that few of the Society have ever seen a pair of the like kind.

scholarly journals Management of Shoulder Dislocation by Prakash Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
Samir Khan Kabir ◽  
Khalid . ◽  
Mohammad Inaam ◽  
Gul Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Shoulder Dislocation ◽  
Recurrent Dislocation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Fracture Dislocations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anterior Posterior

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of shoulder reduction developed by Prakash. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive study was carried out at Rehman Medical and Surgical Center District Buner and Naseer Teaching Hospital Peshawar from June 2017 to December 2019. All patients with a history of trauma to either shoulder were subjected to anterior-posterior shoulder radiograph. Those having shoulder dislocation were enrolled in the study. Data including age, gender, previous dislocation history, duration of dislocation and associated fracture, and fracture type were recorded in patient case sheet. Patients having recurrent dislocation, polytrauma, low GCS, fracture-dislocations, and more than a week history of dislocation were excluded from the study. RESULTS: This study was performed on 30 patients. The mean age of the patients was 36.46±11.58 years. Among them, 83.3% (n=25) were male and 16.7% (n=5) were female. While dislocation occurred on the right shoulder in 63.3% (n=19) and in 36.7% (n=11) on the left side. All the patients have dislocation for the first time. The reduction was performed using Prakash’s method. The success rate was 90% (n=27) and 10% (n=3) the reduction failed, which was then reduced under anesthesia using the Hippocratic method. CONCLUSION: The Prakash's method for reducing anterior shoulder dislocation requires minimum assistance with no anesthesia, it is safe, less time consuming, has a high success rate, less pain, and has minimal complications.  

scholarly journals Tarantula phylogenomics: A robust phylogeny of multiple tarantula lineages inferred from transcriptome data sheds light on the prickly issue of urticating setae evolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Foley ◽  
Tim Lueddecke ◽  
Dong-Qiang Chen ◽  
Henrik Krehenwinkel ◽  
Sven Kuenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

Mygalomorph spiders of the family Theraphosidae, known to the broader public as tarantulas, are among the most recognizable arachnids on earth due to their large size and widespread distribution. Their use of urticating setae is a notable adaptation that has evolved exclusively in certain New World theraphosids. Thus far, the evolutionary history of Theraphosidae remains poorly understood; theraphosid systematics still largely relies on morphological datasets, which suffer from high degrees of homoplasy, and traditional targeted sequencing of preselected genes failed to provide strong support for supra-generic clades (i.e. particularly those broader than subfamilies). In this study, we provide the first robust phylogenetic hypothesis of theraphosid evolution inferred from transcriptome data. A core ortholog approach was used to generate a phylogeny from 2460 orthologous genes across 25 theraphosid genera, representing all of the major theraphosid subfamilies, except Selenogyrinae. For the first time our phylogeny recovers a monophyletic group that comprises the vast majority of New World theraphosid subfamilies including Aviculariinae and Theraphosinae. Concurrently, we provide additional evidence for the integrity of questionable subfamilies, such as Poecilotheriinae and Psalmopoeinae, and support the non-monophyly of Ischnocolinae. The deeper relationships between almost all subfamilies are confidently inferred for the first time. We also used our phylogeny in tandem with published morphological data to perform ancestral state analyses on urticating setae. This revealed that the evolution of this important defensive trait might be explained by three equally parsimonious scenarios.

scholarly journals Cure the Incurable? Recent Breakthroughs in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5295
Author(s):  
Pei-Yi Chu ◽  
Shih-Hsuan Chan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Combination Regimen ◽  
Advanced Hcc ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

HCC usually arises from a chronic inflammation background, driven by several factors including fatty liver, HBV/HCV viral infection and metabolic syndrome. Systemic treatment for advanced HCC remains disappointing due to its strong resistance to chemotherapy and even to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, the use of ICI therapy has revolutionized the systemic treatment of advanced HCC. For the first time, clinical trials testing ICIs, anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1/PDL1 reported a survival benefit in patients with sorafenib resistance. However, it took four more years to find the right combination regimen to use ICI in combination with the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab to substantially prolong overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced HCC after sorafenib. This review provides a comprehensive history of ICI therapy in HCC, up-to-date information on the latest ICI clinical trials, and discusses the recent development of novel ICIs that would potentially lead to a new checkpoint blockade therapy for advanced HCC.

scholarly journals On Disabilities

1970 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Nawaf Kabbara
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
People With Disability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Disability Movement ◽  
Political Scene

The Lebanese parliamentary election was a very decisive moment in the country’s history. As a result of this election, a new parliamentary majority and discourse dominated the political scene. The election was also peculiar concerning the disability cause in Lebanon. For the first time in the history of Lebanon’s elections, disability became an issue. In fact, the Lebanese disability movement succeeded in launching two different but complementary campaigns during the election. The first one was engineered by both the Lebanese Physical Handicapped Union and the Youth Blind Association. Under the title “Haqqi” or “My Right,” the campaign focused on the right of people with disability to practice one of their most important rights: the political right to vote.

scholarly journals Acute blue finger syndrome: a rare benign cause of acute digit discolouration

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e223365
Author(s):  
Kiran Dhaliwal ◽  
Colin Thomas Brewster ◽  
Sivarajasingham Pakeerathan
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Volar Aspect ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Digital Ischaemia ◽  
First Time

Acute blue finger syndrome is a rare benign condition that mimics digital ischaemia. We discuss the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with a 6hour history of blue discolouration of the middle finger of the right hand, associated with pain and swelling. There was no history of trauma and this was the first time that the patient had experienced these symptoms. Examination found blue discolouration of the digit primarily on the volar aspect with associated swelling. All investigations, including blood tests, X-rays and Doppler scanning, were normal. The symptoms resolved spontaneously within 48 hours. There were no recurrent episodes or long-term sequelae. Patients presenting with an acutely blue finger need rapid assessment to exclude digit ischaemia. Knowledge of this rare benign condition may prevent unnecessary distress, invasive investigations and potentially harmful treatment of a healthy patient.

The Hon. Daines Barrington, F. R. S. —annotations on two journals compiled by Gilbert White

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Degree Of Isolation

In the field of natural history the Hon. Daines Barrington (1727—1800) is best known as one of the correspondents to whom Gilbert White addressed many of the letters that comprise The Natural History of Selhorne (1). Of almost equal familiarity is the knowledge that Barrington devised the format of The Naturalist's Journal (2), in copies of which White recorded near daily observations of weather and other natural occurrences for a period of over 25 years. That the putative correspondence of Selborne was based on a real correspondence (3), and that Barrington arranged for four of White’s dissertations (4), on ‘hirundines’, to be read at meetings of the Royal Society (5), is also well known. What, however, as the result of recent research, can now be reported for the first time, is that Barrington’s contribution to White’s work extends a good deal further than has been previously thought; and that, with William Sheffield (6), he provided White with the incentive both to ‘quicken [his] Industry, & sharpen [his] attention’ (7)—two important acknowledgements for a man who, throughout his life, experienced a degree of isolation (8), and who, as an old man, in response to a correspondent who complained ‘a little of Procrastination’ , claimed:

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