scholarly journals Identification and quantification of spinochromes in body compartments of Echinometra mathaei ’s coloured types

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 171213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lola Brasseur ◽  
Marie Demeyer ◽  
Corentin Decroo ◽  
Guillaume Caulier ◽  
Patrick Flammang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Echinometra Mathaei ◽  
Body Compartments ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Sea urchin pigmentation is mainly due to polyhydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones called spinochromes. If their molecular structures are well known in test and spines of many species, their abundance and distribution in other body compartments remain unstudied. The aim of this study is to analyse the pigment composition in four body compartments (test/spines, digestive system, gonads and coelomic fluid) of four coloured types of the sea urchin Echinometra mathaei . Qualitative and quantitative measurements by mass spectrometry highlight the existence of 13 different pigments; among which are five isomers of known spinochromes as well as three potentially new ones. The composition comparison shows the largest spinochrome diversity in ‘test/spines’ body compartments. The spinochrome concentrations vary from 48 to 1279 mg kg −1 of dried body compartment. It is the highest in the digestive system, although it is also important in the organic fraction of the ‘test/spines’ body compartment. This observation may be explained by higher exposures of some body compartments to external environments and by the protective role fulfilled by spinochromes against microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species. The ‘black’ type—the most common coloured type in coral reefs—has the highest concentration of spinochromes indicating their importance in Echinoids' fitness by acting as a protective agent.

scholarly journals Impact Test Size and Type of Echinometra mathaei as Agent of Bioerosion on Reef Flat (Pengaruh Ukuran dan Tipe Echinometra mathaei pada Bioerosi Karang)

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Manullang ◽  
Makoto Tsuchiya ◽  
Ambariyanto Ambariyanto ◽  
Diah Permata
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Type A ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Type B ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Test Size ◽  
Echinometra Mathaei

Bioerosi adalah aktivitas berbagai organisme yang menyebabkan terjadinya erosi dan kerusakan misalnya pada kalsium karbonat karang. Aktivitas ini merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi morfologi terumbu karang. Bioerosi dipengaruhi oleh tiga variabel yakni jenis spesies, ukuran dan kelimpahan spesies tersebut. Tujuh puluh lima persen dari bioerosi disebabkan oleh landak laut. Perbedaan pada ukuran dan jenis landak laut memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap daerah yang terjadi bioerosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ukuran dan jenis landak laut E. mathaei (tipe A dan B) pada komposisi CaCO3 dalam isi usus dan tinja organisme tersebut sebagai agen bioersi. Landak laut yang digunakan diperoleh dari ekosistem karang di pantai Minatogawa, Okinawa-Jepang. Masing-masing tipe landak laut dibedakan berdasarkan ukuran ≥30 mm dan <30mm. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga ulangan. Pemeliharaan ini dilakukan di laboratorium dengan analisis komposisi CaCO3 pada tinja dan konten usus. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa komposisi CaCO3 disebabkan karena aktivitas bioerosi harian dari E. mathaei. Landak laut dengan ukuran diameter ≥30 mm terbukti lebih aktif dibandingkan dengan diameter <30mm. Disamping itu landak laut tipe B lebih aktif dibandingkan tipe A dengan ukuran yang sama. Persentase CaCO3 dalam usus selama pemeliharaan di laboratorium adalah 73% dan sisa 27% berupa bahan organik dan anorganik. Bierosion harian E. mathaei tipe A ≥ 30 mm 166,70 mg.hari-1, tipe A <30 mm 77.78 mg.hari-1, tipe B ≥ 30 mm 126,30 mg.hari-1, tipe B <30 mm 116,17 mg.hari-1. Tingkat bioerosion harian E. mathaei dipengaruhi oleh jenis, spesies, kecepatan menggiling, dan ukuran landak laut. Kata kunci: ukuran; Echinometra mathaei; bioerosi; karang Bioerosion is an activity of various organisms such as erosion and destruction of coral calcium carbonate and become a major factor influencing coral reefs morphology. Bioerosion is influenced by three variables: type of species, size of species and abundance. Seventyfive percent of bioerosion caused by sea urchin. Differences on size and type of sea urchin gave a significant impact to the bioerosion area. This study aimed to examine the influence of the size and the type of sea urchin E. mathaei (type A and type B) on the composition of CaCO3 in the gut content and feces as bioersion agent on the reef flat in Minatogawa Coast, Okinawa-Japan. The organisms used were E. mathaei type A and type B with each type distinguished by size ≥ 30 mm and < 30 mm with three replications. The maintenance was carried out at laboratory for 3 days by observing analysis of the composition of CaCO3 on feces and gut content. It indicates that the composition of CaCO3 as daily bioerosion was caused by E. mathaei. The results showed E. mathaei with diameter ≥ 30 mm was more active than those with diameter of < 30mm and type B was more active than type A in each of the same size. Percentage of CaCO3 in the gut during maintenance in the laboratory was 73% and the other 27% consist of organic and inorganic materials. Daily bierosion E. mathaei type A ≥ 30 mm 166.70 mg.day-1 , type A < 30 mm 77.78 mg.day-1 , type B ≥ 30 mm 126.30 mg.day-1 , type B < 30 mm 116.17 mg.day-1. Daily bioerosion rate E. mathaei was influenced by the type, species, speed of grind, and the size of the sea urchin. Keywords: size; Echinometra mathaei; bioerosion; reef flat

scholarly journals Cell-Free Coelomic Fluid Extracts of the Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula Impair Mitochondrial Potential and Cell Cycle Distribution and Stimulate Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Autophagic Activity in Triple-Negative MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Luparello ◽  
Debora Ragona ◽  
Dalia Maria Lucia Asaro ◽  
Valentina Lazzara ◽  
Federica Affranchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Cell Cycle Distribution ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Autophagic Activity ◽  
Arbacia Lixula

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly malignant tumor histotype which lacks effective targeted therapies, thereby being considered as the most aggressive form of breast carcinoma. To identify novel compounds which could counteract TNBC cell growth, we explored the in vitro effects of crude extracts and <10 kDa-filtered fractions of the coelomic fluid obtained from the sea urchin Arbacia lixula on TNBC MDA-MB231 cells. We examined cell viability, cycle distribution, apoptotic/autophagic activity, and mitochondrial polarization/cell redox status. Here, we report the first data demonstrating an anti-TNBC effect by A. lixula-derived coelomic fluid extracts. Thus, identification of the water-soluble bioactive component(s) contained in the extracts deserve(s) further investigation aimed to devise novel promising prevention and/or treatment agents effective against highly malignant breast tumors.

The coelomic fluid of the sea urchin Tripneustes depressus shows antiviral activity against Suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV-1) and rabies virus (RV)

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salas-Rojas ◽  
G. Galvez-Romero ◽  
B. Anton-Palma ◽  
R. Acevedo ◽  
F. Blanco-Favela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Herpesvirus Type

scholarly journals Study of HSPB6: Insights into the Properties of the Multifunctional Protective Agent

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazhao Li ◽  
Han Xiao ◽  
Fangfang Zhou ◽  
Zhiping Hu ◽  
Binbin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Small Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
The Central Nervous System

HSPB6(Heat shock protein B6), is also referred to as P20/HSP20. Unlike other many other members of sHSP(small Heat shock protein) family, which tend to form high-molecular-mass oligomers, in solution, human HSPB6 only forms dimers. However, it still exhibits chaperon-like activity comparable with that of HSPB5. It is expressed ubiquitously, with high and constitutive expression in muscular tissues. sHSPs characteristically function as molecular chaperones and HSPB6 also has a molecular chaperone activity. HSPB6 is up-regulated in response to diverse cellular stress or damage and protect cells from otherwise lethal conditions. HSPB6 is widely recognized as a principle mediator of cardioprotective signaling and recent studies have unraveled the protective role of HSPB6 in disease or injury to the central nervous system. Moreover, accumulating evidence has implicated HSPB6 as a key mediator of diverse vital physiological processes, such as smooth muscle relaxation, platelet aggregation. The versatility of HSPB6 can be explained by its direct involvement in regulating different client proteins and its ability to form heterooligomer with other sHSPs, which seems to be dependent on HSPB6 phosphorylation. This review focuses on the properties including expression and regulation pattern, phosphorylation, chaperon activity, multiple cellular targets of HSPB6, as well as its possible role in physical and pathological conditions.

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