scholarly journals Context-dependent variability in blue whale acoustic behaviour

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 180241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah A. Lewis ◽  
John Calambokidis ◽  
Alison K. Stimpert ◽  
James Fahlbusch ◽  
Ari S. Friedlaender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Acoustic Behaviour ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Blue Whales ◽  
Dive Profile

Acoustic communication is an important aspect of reproductive, foraging and social behaviours for many marine species. Northeast Pacific blue whales ( Balaenoptera musculus ) produce three different call types—A, B and D calls. All may be produced as singular calls, but A and B calls also occur in phrases to form songs. To evaluate the behavioural context of singular call and phrase production in blue whales, the acoustic and dive profile data from tags deployed on individuals off southern California were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Only 22% of all deployments contained sounds attributed to the tagged animal. A larger proportion of tagged animals were female (47%) than male (13%), with 40% of unknown sex. Fifty per cent of tags deployed on males contained sounds attributed to the tagged whale, while only a few (5%) deployed on females did. Most calls were produced at shallow depths (less than 30 m). Repetitive phrasing (singing) and production of singular calls were most common during shallow, non-lunging dives, with the latter also common during surface behaviour. Higher sound production rates occurred during autumn than summer and they varied with time-of-day: singular call rates were higher at dawn and dusk, while phrase production rates were highest at dusk and night.

scholarly journals Hearing from the ocean and into the river: the evolution of the inner ear of Platanistoidea (Cetacea: Odontoceti)

Paleobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Mariana Viglino ◽  
Maximiliano Gaetán ◽  
Mónica R. Buono ◽  
R. Ewan Fordyce ◽  
Travis Park
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Ear Morphology ◽  
Cochlear Morphology ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hearing Abilities

Abstract The inner ear of the two higher clades of modern cetaceans (Neoceti) is highly adapted for hearing infrasonic (mysticetes) or ultrasonic (odontocetes) frequencies. Within odontocetes, Platanistoidea comprises a single extant riverine representative, Platanista gangetica, and a diversity of mainly extinct marine species from the late Oligocene onward. Recent studies drawing on features including the disparate tympanoperiotic have not yet provided a consensus phylogenetic hypothesis for platanistoids. Further, cochlear morphology and evolutionary patterns have never been reported. Here, we describe for the first time the inner ear morphology of late Oligocene–early Miocene extinct marine platanistoids and their evolutionary patterns. We initially hypothesized that extinct marine platanistoids lacked a specialized inner ear like P. gangetica and thus, their morphology and inferred hearing abilities were more similar to those of pelagic odontocetes. Our results reveal there is no “typical” platanistoid cochlear type, as the group displays a disparate range of cochlear anatomies, but all are consistent with high-frequency hearing. Stem odontocete Prosqualodon australis and platanistoid Otekaikea huata present a tympanal recess in their cochlea, of yet uncertain function in the hearing mechanism in cetaceans. The more basal morphology of Aondelphis talen indicates it had lower high-frequency hearing than other platanistoids. Finally, Platanista has the most derived cochlear morphology, adding to evidence that it is an outlier within the group and consistent with a >9-Myr-long separation from its sister genus Zarhachis. The evolution of a singular sound production morphology within Platanistidae may have facilitated the survival of Platanista to the present day.

Sound production patterns of big-clawed snapping shrimp (Alpheus spp.) are influenced by time-of-day and social context

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 3311-3320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlee Lillis ◽  
Jessica N. Perelman ◽  
Apryle Panyi ◽  
T. Aran Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Snapping Shrimp

Obsessions and Time of Day: A Self-Monitoring Study in Individuals With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Nota ◽  
Brandon E. Gibb ◽  
Meredith E. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Monitoring Study

Deepening our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often leads to advances in clinical practice. And, as noted by Kazdin (2008), clinical experiences are an important resource for identifying novel targets for empirical study. One potential target for furthering our understanding of OCD is to investigate clinical reports of within-day symptom fluctuations. Self-monitoring data from 17 adults with OCD were used to test for a diurnal pattern in obsessions. Results from generalized estimating equations revealed that obsessions were most common during midday and that the midday exacerbation was briefer in males. In combination with prior findings of similar diurnal patterns for other anxious symptoms (e.g., panic), these findings suggest that daily social rhythms and/or circadian influences may influence levels of obsessions. Furthermore, treatment may be improved by attending to these heightened symptom periods and integrating this information into therapy (e.g., when developing the exposure hierarchy).

scholarly journals Constraints on the sound production mechanism of blue whales

1995 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 3352-3352
Author(s):  
David S. Clark ◽  
Mark A. McDonald ◽  
John A. Hildebrand ◽  
Spahr C. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Production Mechanism ◽  
Blue Whales

Soundscapes of natural and artificial temperate reefs: similar temporal patterns but distinct spectral content

2020 ◽  
Vol 649 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
RV Van Hoeck ◽  
AB Paxton ◽  
DR Bohnenstiehl ◽  
JC Taylor ◽  
FJ Fodrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Spectral Content ◽  
The North ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Temperate Reefs ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Marine soundscapes often differ among habitats; however, relatively little is known about whether soundscapes on naturally occurring habitats differ from soundscapes on human-made structures. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated whether temporal and spectral characteristics of biological sound production differ between natural and artificial offshore reefs. Specifically, we analyzed recordings from 5 week-long hydrophone deployments on 2 natural rocky reefs and 2 artificial reefs on the North Carolina, USA, continental shelf. Analysis of sound pressure levels (SPLs) on hourly and seasonal scales revealed similar temporal patterns between the reef types. These patterns were largely driven by 4 dominant fish vocalizers with seasonal chorusing patterns, including a toadfish Opsanus sp. Despite similar temporal patterns within reef types, soundscape spectral content was more similar within than between reef types, especially during the April deployment, which had the most acoustic activity. Our findings suggest that the soundscapes of shipwreck artificial reefs may differ from the soundscapes of natural rocky reefs, possibly due to differing community composition. As sound plays an important role in the navigation and settlement of many marine species, soundscape differences between natural and artificial habitats could affect ecosystem function through species behavior and interactions.

Acoustic detection of migrating gray, humpback, and blue whales in the coastal, northeast Pacific

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 2153-2153
Author(s):  
Regina A. Guazzo ◽  
John A. Hildebrand ◽  
Sean M. Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Detection ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Blue Whales

Reading Risk in Children With Speech Sound Disorder: Prevalence, Persistence, and Predictors

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3714-3726
Author(s):  
Sherine R. Tambyraja ◽  
Kelly Farquharson ◽  
Laura Justice
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Word Decoding ◽  
School Year ◽  
School Based

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which school-age children with speech sound disorder (SSD) exhibit concomitant reading difficulties and examine the extent to which phonological processing and speech production abilities are associated with increased likelihood of reading risks. Method Data were obtained from 120 kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade children who were in receipt of school-based speech therapy services. Children were categorized as being “at risk” for reading difficulties if standardized scores on a word decoding measure were 1 SD or more from the mean. The selected predictors of reading risk included children's rapid automatized naming ability, phonological awareness (PA), and accuracy of speech sound production. Results Descriptive results indicated that just over 25% of children receiving school-based speech therapy for an SSD exhibited concomitant deficits in word decoding and that those exhibiting risk at the beginning of the school year were likely to continue to be at risk at the end of the school year. Results from a hierarchical logistic regression suggested that, after accounting for children's age, general language abilities, and socioeconomic status, both PA and speech sound production abilities were significantly associated with the likelihood of being classified as at risk. Conclusions School-age children with SSD are at increased risk for reading difficulties that are likely to persist throughout an academic year. The severity of phonological deficits, reflected by PA and speech output, may be important indicators of subsequent reading problems.

Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: An Examination of Dosage in Relation to Probe Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Julie L. Wambaugh ◽  
Lydia Kallhoff ◽  
Christina Nessler
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Practice Schedule ◽  
Practice Schedules ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study was designed to examine the association of dosage and effects of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) for acquired apraxia of speech. Method Treatment logs and probe data from 20 speakers with apraxia of speech and aphasia were submitted to a retrospective analysis. The number of treatment sessions and teaching episodes was examined relative to (a) change in articulation accuracy above baseline performance, (b) mastery of production, and (c) maintenance. The impact of practice schedule (SPT-Blocked vs. SPT-Random) was also examined. Results The average number of treatment sessions conducted prior to change was 5.4 for SPT-Blocked and 3.9 for SPT-Random. The mean number of teaching episodes preceding change was 334 for SPT-Blocked and 179 for SPT-Random. Mastery occurred within an average of 13.7 sessions (1,252 teaching episodes) and 12.4 sessions (1,082 teaching episodes) for SPT-Blocked and SPT-Random, respectively. Comparisons of dosage metric values across practice schedules did not reveal substantial differences. Significant negative correlations were found between follow-up probe performance and the dosage metrics. Conclusions Only a few treatment sessions were needed to achieve initial positive changes in articulation, with mastery occurring within 12–14 sessions for the majority of participants. Earlier occurrence of change or mastery was associated with better follow-up performance. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12592190

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