scholarly journals Locus of control is associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption in young adults of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181133 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lassi ◽  
A. E. Taylor ◽  
L. Mahedy ◽  
J. Heron ◽  
T. Eisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Individuals appraise events as a consequence of their own actions (i.e. internal locus of control, LoC) or as the outcome of chance or others' will (i.e. external LoC). We hypothesized that having a more external LoC would be associated with higher risk of tobacco and alcohol use. Few studies have examined this association using large prospective data. We evaluated within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) the associations between LoC at 16 and tobacco and alcohol consumption at 17 and 21 years using logistic regression. A more external LoC at age 16 ( N = 4656) was associated with higher odds of being a weekly smoker at age 17 (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.10–1.25) and 21 (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.21) and with dependence measured using the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence at age 17 (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05–1.51) and 21 (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.49). Individuals with external LoC at age 16 were more likely to be hazardous drinkers according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test at age 17 (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.15) but not at 21 (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96–1.06). Having a more external LoC at age 16 is associated with increased tobacco consumption at age 17 and 21 and alcohol consumption at 17 years. LoC may represent an intervention target for preventing substance use and dependence.

scholarly journals The association of alcohol polygenic risk scores with mental health outcomes: A multi-generational analysis in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayleigh E Easey ◽  
Robyn E Wootton ◽  
Hannah M Sallis ◽  
Elis Haan ◽  
Laura Schellhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

AbstractBackgroundIncreased alcohol consumption often co-occurs with mental health problems; however, we do not currently fully understand whether this is due to confounding, shared biological mechanisms, or causal effects.DesignWe analysed a polygenic risk score (PRS) composed of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reliably associated with patterns of adult alcohol consumption to test: 1) if this PRS is associated with consumption during pregnancy and adolescence, 2) if child alcohol PRS is associated with mental health phenotypes, and 3) if maternal alcohol PRS is associated with offspring alcohol phenotypes and mental health. We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Additional substance abuse behaviours and mental health/behavioural outcomes were also investigated at different life stages across both generations (alcohol phenotypes n =22; health phenotypes n = 91). The availability of data from early life on the same participants (pre-alcohol use around ages 7-10 years) provided a negative control, in contrast to that in ages of alcohol use (13-24 years).FindingsThe adult alcohol PRS was associated with consumption phenotypes during pregnancy (strongest signal for alcohol frequency at 18 weeks’ gestation: p=1.01×10-5) but offspring alcohol PRS did not predict offspring alcohol consumption at age 13-24 years. We found evidence for an association of maternal PRS with own perinatal depression (p=0.02) and decreased offspring intellectual ability (p=0.016).ConclusionsAn alcohol PRS derived from GWAS of alcohol use in the general population was shown to be associated with frequency and amount of alcohol consumed during pregnancy, and maternal depression at 32 weeks gestation. The associations between alcohol PRS with mother’s depression and offspring intellectual ability are consistent with previous studies, adding to the validity of using this alcohol PRS in future aetiological studies.

scholarly journals The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Fighting, Shoplifting and Vandalism in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3509
Author(s):  
Ieuan Evans ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Joseph Murray ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
Gemma Hammerton
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Causal Component

Experimental studies support the conventional belief that people behave more aggressively whilst under the influence of alcohol. To examine how these experimental findings manifest in real life situations, this study uses a method for estimating evidence for causality with observational data—‘situational decomposition’ to examine the association between alcohol consumption and crime in young adults from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Self-report questionnaires were completed at age 24 years to assess typical alcohol consumption and frequency, participation in fighting, shoplifting and vandalism in the previous year, and whether these crimes were committed under the influence of alcohol. Situational decomposition compares the strength of two associations, (1) the total association between alcohol consumption and crime (sober or intoxicated) versus (2) the association between alcohol consumption and crime committed while sober. There was an association between typical alcohol consumption and total crime for fighting [OR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.29, 1.67)], shoplifting [OR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.12, 1.40)], and vandalism [OR (95% CI): 1.33 (1.12, 1.57)]. The associations for both fighting and shoplifting had a small causal component (with the association for sober crime slightly smaller than the association for total crime). However, the association for vandalism had a larger causal component.

scholarly journals Associations Between Gestational Age at Birth and Alcohol Use in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Do ◽  
Shawn J. Latendresse ◽  
Alexis C. Edwards ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Danielle M. Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Age At Birth

scholarly journals The Association Between Locus of Control and Psychopathology: A Cross-Cohort Comparison Between a UK (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) and a Japanese (Tokyo Teen Cohort) Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Sullivan ◽  
Syudo Yamasaki ◽  
Shuntaro Ando ◽  
Kaori Endo ◽  
Kiyoto Kasai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Japanese Cohort ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adult Psychopathology

Background: An external locus of control (externality) is associated with poorer psychopathology in individualist cultures, but associations are reported to be weaker in collectivist cultures where an external style is less maladaptive. We investigated the prospective association between externality and psychotic-like experiences (PLE) and depressive symptoms (DS) and compared the strength of associations between a UK and a Japanese cohort.Method: Cross-cultural cohort study of a UK (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) and a Japanese cohort (Tokyo Teen Cohort). Externality was assessed using the Children's Nowicki and Strickland Internal, External Scale and DS using the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire in both cohorts, PLE were assessed with the Psychosis-Like Experiences Questionnaire (ALSPAC), and the Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (TTC). Associations were investigated using multivariable regression models and bivariate regression models to compare the strength of associations.Results: Mean externality in both childhood and adolescence was higher in ALSPAC than in the TTC. Childhood externality was associated with PLE in late childhood and adolescence in both cohorts and adolescent externality was associated with PLE in young adulthood in the ALSPAC cohort. There was a more mixed pattern of association between externality and DS scores. There was little evidence of any differences in the strength of associations between externality and different psychopathologies, or between cohorts. In ALSPAC adolescent externality and early adult psychopathology were more strongly associated than childhood externality and adolescent and early adult psychopathology. There was no evidence that change in externality between childhood and adolescence was associated with new onset PLE or DS in early adulthood.Conclusion: An external locus of control is associated with poor mental health regardless of cultural context.

scholarly journals Trimester effects of source-specific PM10 on birth weight outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxin Chen ◽  
Susan Hodgson ◽  
John Gulliver ◽  
Raquel Granell ◽  
A. John Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Exposure Misclassification ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Residential History ◽  
The Third ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) is associated with reduced birth weight, but information is limited on the sources of PM10 and exposure misclassification from assigning exposures to place of residence at birth. Methods Trimester and source-specific PM10 exposures (PM10 from road source, local non-road source, and total source) in pregnancy were estimated using dispersion models and a full maternal residential history for 12,020 births from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) cohort in 1990–1992 in the Bristol area. Information on birth outcomes were obtained from birth records. Maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were obtained from questionnaires. We used linear regression models for continuous outcomes (birth weight, head circumference (HC), and birth length (BL) and logistic regression models for binary outcomes (preterm birth (PTB), term low birth weight (TLBW) and small for gestational age (SGA)). Sensitivity analysis was performed using multiple imputation for missing covariate data. Results After adjustment, interquartile range increases in source specific PM10 from traffic were associated with 17 to 18% increased odds of TLBW in all pregnancy periods. We also found odds of TLBW increased by 40% (OR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.75) and odds of SGA increased by 18% (OR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.32) per IQR (6.54 μg/m3) increase of total PM10 exposure in the third trimester. Conclusion This study adds to evidence that maternal PM10 exposures affect birth weight, with particular concern in relation to exposures to PM10 from road transport sources; results for total PM10 suggest greatest effect in the third trimester. Effect size estimates relate to exposures in the 1990s and are higher than those for recent studies – this may relate to reduced exposure misclassification through use of full residential history information, changes in air pollution toxicity over time and/or residual confounding.

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