The impacts of past, present and future ocean chemistry on predatory planktonic snails

The atlantid heteropods represent the only predatory, aragonite shelled zooplankton. Atlantid shell production is likely to be sensitive to ocean acidification (OA), and yet we know little about their mechanisms of calcification, or their response to changing ocean chemistry. Here, we present the first study into calcification and gene expression effects of short-term OA exposure on juvenile atlantids across three pH scenarios: mid-1960s, ambient and 2050 conditions. Calcification and gene expression indicate a distinct response to each treatment. Shell extension and shell volume were reduced from the mid-1960s to ambient conditions, suggesting that calcification is already limited in today's South Atlantic. However, shell extension increased from ambient to 2050 conditions. Genes involved in protein synthesis were consistently upregulated, whereas genes involved in organismal development were downregulated with decreasing pH. Biomineralization genes were upregulated in the mid-1960s and 2050 conditions, suggesting that any deviation from ambient carbonate chemistry causes stress, resulting in rapid shell growth. We conclude that atlantid calcification is likely to be negatively affected by future OA. However, we also found that plentiful food increased shell extension and shell thickness, and so synergistic factors are likely to impact the resilience of atlantids in an acidifying ocean.

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Current and future ocean chemistry negatively impacts calcification in predatory planktonic snails

10.1101/2020.08.04.236166 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Deborah Wall-Palmer ◽

Lisette Mekkes ◽

Paula Ramos-Silva ◽

Linda K. Dämmer ◽

Erica Goetze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Shell Growth ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Differential Gene ◽

Ocean Chemistry ◽

Decreasing Ph ◽

Near Future ◽

Regulation Of Growth ◽

Carbonate Flux

Planktonic gastropods mediate an important flux of carbonate from the surface to the deep ocean. However, we know little about the response of atlantid heteropods, the only predatory, aragonite shelled zooplankton, to ocean acidification (OA), and they are not incorporated in any carbonate flux models. Here we quantify the effects of OA on calcification and gene expression in atlantids across three pH scenarios: mid-1960’s, ambient, and future 2050 conditions. Atlantid calcification responses to decreasing pH were negative, but not uniform, across the three scenarios. Calcification was reduced from mid-1960s to ambient conditions, and longer shells were grown under 2050 conditions. Differential gene expression indicated a stress response at both ambient and future conditions, with down-regulation of growth and biomineralization genes with decreasing pH. Our results suggest that ocean chemistry in the South Atlantic is already limiting atlantid calcification, and that exposure to near-future OA triggers rapid shell growth under stress.

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Metabolic Recovery and Compensatory Shell Growth of Juvenile Pacific Geoduck Panopea Generosa Following Short-Term Exposure to Acidified Seawater

10.1101/689745 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel J. Gurr ◽

Brent Vadopalas ◽

Steven B. Roberts ◽

Hollie M. Putnam

Keyword(s):

Respiration Rate ◽

Shell Length ◽

Shell Growth ◽

Common Garden ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Short Term ◽

Initial Exposure ◽

Metabolic Recovery ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Stress Conditioning

AbstractWhile acute stressors can be detrimental, environmental stress conditioning can improve performance. To test the hypothesis that physiological status is altered by stress conditioning, we subjected juvenile Pacific geoduck, Panopea generosa, to repeated exposures of elevated pCO2 in a commercial hatchery setting followed by a period in ambient common garden. Respiration rate and shell length were measured for juvenile geoduck periodically throughout short-term repeated reciprocal exposure periods in ambient (~550 µatm) or elevated (~2400 µatm) pCO2 treatments and in common, ambient conditions, five months after exposure. Short-term exposure periods comprised an initial 10-day exposure followed by 14 days in ambient before a secondary 6-day reciprocal exposure. The initial exposure to elevated pCO2 significantly reduced respiration rate by 25% relative to ambient conditions, but no effect on shell growth was detected. Following 14 days in common garden, ambient conditions, reciprocal exposure to elevated or ambient pCO2 did not alter juvenile respiration rates, indicating ability for metabolic recovery under subsequent conditions. Shell growth was negatively affected during the reciprocal treatment in both exposure histories, however clams exposed to the initial elevated pCO2 showed compensatory growth with 5.8% greater shell length (on average between the two secondary exposures) after five months in ambient conditions. Additionally, clams exposed to the secondary elevated pCO2 showed 52.4% increase in respiration rate after five months in ambient conditions. Early exposure to low pH appears to trigger carry-over effects suggesting bioenergetic re-allocation facilitates growth compensation. Life stage-specific exposures to stress can determine when it may be especially detrimental, or advantageous, to apply stress conditioning for commercial production of this long-lived burrowing clam.Lay summaryCommercial shellfish hatcheries provide essential food security, but often production can be hampered by sensitivity of shellfish at early life stages. Repeated short-term exposures can increase tolerance and performance of the geoduck clam with implications for sustainable aquaculture.

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Metabolic recovery and compensatory shell growth of juvenile Pacific geoduck Panopea generosa following short-term exposure to acidified seawater

Conservation Physiology ◽

10.1093/conphys/coaa024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Samuel J Gurr ◽

Brent Vadopalas ◽

Steven B Roberts ◽

Hollie M Putnam

Keyword(s):

Respiration Rate ◽

Shell Length ◽

Shell Growth ◽

Common Garden ◽

Elevated Pco2 ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Short Term ◽

Metabolic Recovery ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Stress Conditioning

Abstract While acute stressors can be detrimental, environmental stress conditioning can improve performance. To test the hypothesis that physiological status is altered by stress conditioning, we subjected juvenile Pacific geoduck, Panopea generosa, to repeated exposures of elevated pCO2 in a commercial hatchery setting followed by a period in ambient common garden. Respiration rate and shell length were measured for juvenile geoduck periodically throughout short-term repeated reciprocal exposure periods in ambient (~550 μatm) or elevated (~2400 μatm) pCO2 treatments and in common, ambient conditions, 5 months after exposure. Short-term exposure periods comprised an initial 10-day exposure followed by 14 days in ambient before a secondary 6-day reciprocal exposure. The initial exposure to elevated pCO2 significantly reduced respiration rate by 25% relative to ambient conditions, but no effect on shell growth was detected. Following 14 days in common garden, ambient conditions, reciprocal exposure to elevated or ambient pCO2 did not alter juvenile respiration rates, indicating ability for metabolic recovery under subsequent conditions. Shell growth was negatively affected during the reciprocal treatment in both exposure histories; however, clams exposed to the initial elevated pCO2 showed compensatory growth with 5.8% greater shell length (on average between the two secondary exposures) after 5 months in ambient conditions. Additionally, clams exposed to the secondary elevated pCO2 showed 52.4% increase in respiration rate after 5 months in ambient conditions. Early exposure to low pH appears to trigger carryover effects suggesting bioenergetic re-allocation facilitates growth compensation. Life stage-specific exposures to stress can determine when it may be especially detrimental, or advantageous, to apply stress conditioning for commercial production of this long-lived burrowing clam.

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Effect of a plant-originated natural compound, CoD™ extract, on c-myc, Ha-ras and p53 gene expression in short-term animal experiments

Acta Alimentaria ◽

10.1556/aalim.37.2008.1.8 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 87-92

Author(s):

E. Nádasi ◽

I. Prantner ◽

T. Dávid ◽

I. Ember

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Natural Compound ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

P53 Gene ◽

Short Term

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A mouse model of short‐term, diet‐induced fatty liver with abnormal cardiolipin remodeling via downregulated Tafazzin gene expression

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.1002/jsfa.11144 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Toshihiro Sakurai ◽

Zhen Chen ◽

Arisa Yamahata ◽

Takahiro Hayasaka ◽

Hiroshi Satoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Short Term ◽

Tafazzin Gene

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Short-term Load Forecasting by Using Improved GEP and Abnormal Load Recognition

ACM Transactions on Internet Technology ◽

10.1145/3447513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Song Deng ◽

Fulin Chen ◽

Xia Dong ◽

Guangwei Gao ◽

Xindong Wu

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Probability Distribution ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Normal Load ◽

Gene Expression Programming ◽

Load Forecasting ◽

Short Term ◽

Forecasting Models ◽

Short Term Load Forecasting

Load forecasting in short term is very important to economic dispatch and safety assessment of power system. Although existing load forecasting in short-term algorithms have reached required forecast accuracy, most of the forecasting models are black boxes and cannot be constructed to display mathematical models. At the same time, because of the abnormal load caused by the failure of the load data collection device, time synchronization, and malicious tampering, the accuracy of the existing load forecasting models is greatly reduced. To address these problems, this article proposes a Short-Term Load Forecasting algorithm by using Improved Gene Expression Programming and Abnormal Load Recognition (STLF-IGEP_ALR). First, the Recognition algorithm of Abnormal Load based on Probability Distribution and Cross Validation is proposed. By analyzing the probability distribution of rows and columns in load data, and using the probability distribution of rows and columns for cross-validation, misjudgment of normal load in abnormal load data can be better solved. Second, by designing strategies for adaptive generation of population parameters, individual evolution of populations and dynamic adjustment of genetic operation probability, an Improved Gene Expression Programming based on Evolutionary Parameter Optimization is proposed. Finally, the experimental results on two real load datasets and one open load dataset show that compared with the existing abnormal data detection algorithms, the algorithm proposed in this article have higher advantages in missing detection rate, false detection rate and precision rate, and STLF-IGEP_ALR is superior to other short-term load forecasting algorithms in terms of the convergence speed, MAE, MAPE, RSME, and R 2 .

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Global and targeted gene expression and protein content in skeletal muscle of young men following short-term creatine monohydrate supplementation

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00157.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 219-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Adeel Safdar ◽

Nicholas J. Yardley ◽

Rodney Snow ◽

Simon Melov ◽

Mark A. Tarnopolsky

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Protein Content ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

Creatine Monohydrate ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cell Swelling ◽

Short Term

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to increase fat-free mass and muscle power output possibly via cell swelling. Little is known about the cellular response to CrM. We investigated the effect of short-term CrM supplementation on global and targeted mRNA expression and protein content in human skeletal muscle. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blind design, 12 young, healthy, nonobese men were supplemented with either a placebo (PL) or CrM (loading phase, 20 g/day × 3 days; maintenance phase, 5 g/day × 7 days) for 10 days. Following a 28-day washout period, subjects were put on the alternate supplementation for 10 days. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained and were assessed for mRNA expression (cDNA microarrays + real-time PCR) and protein content (Kinetworks KPKS 1.0 Protein Kinase screen). CrM supplementation significantly increased fat-free mass, total body water, and body weight of the participants ( P < 0.05). Also, CrM supplementation significantly upregulated (1.3- to 5.0-fold) the mRNA content of genes and protein content of kinases involved in osmosensing and signal transduction, cytoskeleton remodeling, protein and glycogen synthesis regulation, satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA replication and repair, RNA transcription control, and cell survival. We are the first to report this large-scale gene expression in the skeletal muscle with short-term CrM supplementation, a response that suggests changes in cellular osmolarity.

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