scholarly journals Rapid indicators of deprivation using grocery shopping data

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bannister ◽  
Federico Botta
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Early Access ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Uk ◽  
City Of London

Measuring socio-economic indicators is a crucial task for policy makers who need to develop and implement policies aimed at reducing inequalities and improving the quality of life. However, traditionally this is a time-consuming and expensive task, which therefore cannot be carried out with high temporal frequency. Here, we investigate whether secondary data generated from our grocery shopping habits can be used to generate rapid estimates of deprivation in the city of London in the UK. We show the existence of a relationship between our grocery shopping data and the deprivation of different areas in London, and how we can use grocery shopping data to generate quick estimates of deprivation, albeit with some limitations. Crucially, our estimates can be generated very rapidly with the data used in our analysis, thus opening up the opportunity of having early access to estimates of deprivation. Our findings provide further evidence that new data streams contain accurate information about our collective behaviour and the current state of our society.

scholarly journals Online grocery shopping: promise and pitfalls for healthier food and beverage purchases

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 3360-3376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts ◽  
Shu Wen Ng ◽  
Jonathan L Blitstein ◽  
Alison Gustafson ◽  
Mihai Niculescu
Keyword(s):  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Current State ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Environment Domain ◽  
Impulse Purchases ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Psychosocial Domain

AbstractObjectives(i) To determine the current state of online grocery shopping, including individuals’ motivations for shopping for groceries online and types of foods purchased; and (ii) to identify the potential promise and pitfalls that online grocery shopping may offer in relation to food and beverage purchases.DesignPubMed, ABI/INFORM and Google Scholar were searched to identify published research.SettingTo be included, studies must have been published between 2007 and 2017 in English, based in the USA or Europe (including the UK), and focused on: (i) motivations for online grocery shopping; (ii) the cognitive/psychosocial domain; and (iii) the community or neighbourhood food environment domain.SubjectsOur search yielded twenty-four relevant papers.ResultsFindings indicate that online grocery shopping can be a double-edged sword. While it has the potential to increase healthy choices via reduced unhealthy impulse purchases, nutrition labelling strategies, and as a method to overcome food access limitations among individuals with limited access to a brick-and-mortar store, it also has the potential to increase unhealthy choices due to reasons such as consumers’ hesitance to purchase fresh produce online.ConclusionsAdditional research is needed to determine the most effective ways to positively engage customers to use online grocery shopping to make healthier choices.

scholarly journals Teacher Standards and Professionalism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pauline Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Teacher Professionalism ◽  
Policy Makers

<p>The focus of this research is teacher professionalism in New Zealand and the possible role of the ‘Standards for the Teaching Profession’ that were released in 2017, in strengthening the quality of teaching. Evidence suggests that the quality of teachers’ work is an important factor in students’ success. So, a challenge for education policy-makers is to create a system that encourages and enables teachers to be high quality and motivated to keep improving. The literature suggests a strategy to enable this is to encourage a mature profession, where teachers take collective responsibility for improvement. Standards for teachers can be a positive influence on improving teacher practice when their use is balanced between regulatory and development functions, so that they are a catalyst for professional development. This research involved 45 teachers in English Medium settings participating in sector specific focus groups for early childhood, primary school and secondary school teachers, a review of policy documents and secondary data from Education Council workshops. The analysis suggests that aspects of organisational professionalism influence the environment, although most teachers did not consciously align themselves to this discourse. There appeared to be some differences between sectors, with those in early childhood aligning more closely to their organisation than other teachers and feeling like they were not accepted as a legitimate part of the teaching profession. Although teachers were generally positive about the new standards, few teachers considered using them for reflection or professional conversations outside of formal appraisal. The aspiration presented in literature of a mature profession that works collaboratively with a mix of stakeholders to combine expertise, ask tough questions to create solutions and grows professional knowledge was not apparent, however teachers identified opportunities to shift the profession towards this discourse.</p>

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of prepackaged food that carry health or nutritional claims and their compliance with SFDA regulations in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Almughthim ◽  
Hoda Jr
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrition Claims ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Products that carry health or nutrition claims may be perceived by consumers as healthier than those that do not carry claims. Therefore, they will have a more favorable attitude towards it and may also be easily misled about the nutritional profile and may misinterpret it. Nutritional quality of those products should be assessed to protect consumers against being misled and ensuring that they receive accurate information about food products carrying a claim.Methods a cross-sectional survey for a total of 1153 foods were randomly sampled from fourteen stores in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected from nutritional facts present on food labels and evaluated by comparing the mean level of nutrients between products that carried claims and those that did not using the UK nutrient profile model (UKNPM).Results Overall, 29% of products carried either health or nutritional claims. Only 19.2% of foods that carried health claims met SFDA requirements, while 28.9% of all products that carried nutritional claims met SFDA criteria. The results indicate that products that carried health or nutritional claims were significantly lower in sugar (9.67 g/100 g), fat (9.2 g/100 g), saturated fat (3.2 g/100 g), and sodium (371.36 mg/100 g). According to the UK nutrient profiling model, 46.9% of the products carrying claims were less healthy than those not carrying claims, and statistically significant differences were observed by product origin and category (p=0.005 and p=0.000, respectively).Conclusion a great need for the regulation and monitoring of claims on food packages for the optimal protection of the population’s health.

scholarly journals The Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Peter Lees ◽  
Bill Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Medical Leadership

In the current state of healthcare in the UK there is an urgent need for medical leadership and an increasing requirement for clinicians to become involved in management. The government's proposed reform of the NHS only reinforces the imperative for medical leadership to engage in setting standards, commissioning services, taking ownership of the agenda and thus seeking to restore professionalism. Success will drive up the quality of care for patients.

scholarly journals INTEREST GROUP SESSION—ASSISTED LIVING: DEMENTIA IN ASSISTED LIVING: STATE VARIABILITY IN REGULATIONS, OVERSIGHT, AND RESIDENT OUTCOMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S545-S545
Author(s):  
Kali S Thomas ◽  
Lindsay Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Organizational Leaders ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Regulatory Decisions ◽  
Discharge Criteria

Abstract Approximately one million individuals, an estimated 40% with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (ADRD), reside in assisted living (AL); yet, little is known about their experience or the quality of care provided in AL. Unlike other forms of long-term care (LTC), the licensing, operating, and enforcement requirements for AL falls to the states, which vary dramatically in their regulatory approaches. The overall objective of this symposium is to examine states’ AL regulatory environments and understand if and how the health outcomes of AL residents with ADRD are impacted by states’ regulatory decisions. Presenters will highlight the state variability in the regulation, oversight, resident composition, and outcomes of AL residents with ADRD. The first presentation will describe states’ different regulatory requirements for staffing and admission/discharge criteria as it relates to residents with ADRD and how those have changed over the last decade. The second presentation will report results from a national survey of state agents regarding their oversight and enforcement activities in AL. The third presentation will characterize differences in the resident composition and healthcare utilization among residents with ADRD across states. The fourth presenter will report on the effect of residing in an AL licensed to provide specialized dementia care versus a standard-licensed AL on ADRD residents’ outcomes. The discussant will contextualize findings as they relate to the current state of the AL industry. Results will ultimately inform policy-makers, organizational leaders, and clinicians as they seek the most effective ways to ensure optimal outcomes vulnerable residents with ADRD.

scholarly journals Water Pollution in a Densely Populated Megapolis, Dhaka

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
Toriqul Bashar ◽  
Ivan W.H. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Pollution Levels

Rapid urbanization has been a boon for industrial growth in Bangladesh, leading the Dhaka megapolis to become one of the least livable places in the world. These circumstances, however, have received little attention by policy makers and in academic research. Using mainly secondary data, this article explores the water quality of the river Buriganga that flows across Dhaka and identifies major sources of pollutants. While much of the article analyzes the sources and extent of pollution, it also points toward a great threat to public health from the presence of high levels of heavy metals, such as chromium, lead, and iron, as well as chemicals, including ammonia and phosphate. Moreover, the article recommends some policy changes that could potentially reduce pollution levels and boost water sustainability not only in Dhaka but also in other fast-growing cities in the least developed countries (LDCs).

Educating Students for E-Entrepreneurship in the UK, the USA and China

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Millman ◽  
Wang-Chan Wong ◽  
Zhengwei Li ◽  
Harry Matlay
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

A growing body of research evaluates various aspects of entrepreneurship education (such as curriculum, delivery and assessment) and links it to outcomes in terms of both the number and quality of entrepreneurs entering an economy. There is, however, a marked paucity of empirically rigorous research appraising the impact of entrepreneurship education on graduates' intentions and perceived ability to set up Internet-based e-enterprises that can operate across temporal and geographical boundaries. This paper provides a comparative overview of entrepreneurship education in the UK, the USA and China with a focus on IT and non-IT students' e-entrepreneurship intentions, perceptions and outcomes. The research on which the paper is based was carried out in two distinct phases: first, focus groups were used to design, pilot and develop a comprehensive research questionnaire for use in a wider, multi-country survey; second, questionnaires were then distributed to students in IT and non-IT related disciplines in the UK, the USA and China. The preliminary results show that most respondents were slow to conceptualize and contextualize e-entrepreneurship in the prevailing socio-economic and political conditions of their countries of origin. There were no significant differences between students of IT and non-IT disciplines in their perceptions of the viability and practicality of engaging in e-entrepreneurship. Generic support initiatives appear to neglect the vast portfolio of skills needs for graduates engaging in Internet trading. The authors recommend that entrepreneurship education providers should engage with emergent models of e-entrepreneurship and that policy makers should provide innovative initiatives to cater for the specific needs of e-entrepreneurs.

Improving our understanding of Londinium

Antiquity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (354) ◽  
pp. 1692-1699
Author(s):  
Martin Millett
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
The North ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Excavation Work ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
The Uk ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

Our extensive knowledge of Roman London is the result of over four decades of large-scale excavation. In the UK, the establishment and growth of professional archaeology since the 1970s, coupled with the funding provided by property developers since 1990 (Fulford & Holbrook 2015), has transformed our understanding of both urban and rural sites—and nowhere more so than London. A combination of intensive building development in the City of London and the world-leading technical quality of many of the excavations means that Londinium is now probably both the most extensively and best-excavated major town of the Roman world. Knowledge generated by these excavations, however, has not always been made available through publications as it should have been. Although there is an important archive in which the records of past projects are curated, how and where to publish results has been a long-running problem, especially for the excavations of the 1970s and 1980s where post-excavation work was often not properly funded or supported. One major project to publish a synthesis of work on such sites in Southwark, south of the Thames, did result in a series of important volumes (Sidell et al. 2002; Cowan 2003; Hammer 2003; Yule 2005; Cowan et al. 2009), but a programme designed to provide systematic coverage of such projects in the City of London, to the north of the river (Maloney 1990; Perring & Roskams 1991; Williams 1993; Davis et al. 1994), failed to produce one of the five volumes promised—that concerning the archaeology of the key eastern hill. We also lack any up-to-date synthesis, a problem only partly compensated for by Dominic Perring's (1991) popular overview and Wallace's (2014) in-depth analysis of the evidence for the period down to the Boudiccan revolt in AD 60/61.

scholarly journals Autonomy, trust and ante-mortem interventions to facilitate organ donation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Jane Brown
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Legal Problem ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Future Consequences

Over the last few years, policies have been introduced in the UK that identify and treat patients as potential organ donors before death. Patients incapacitated due to catastrophic brain injury may now undergo intensive ante-mortem interventions to improve the chances of successfully transplanting their organs into third parties after death. The most significant ethical and legal problem with these policies is that they are not based on the individual’s specific wishes in the circumstances. Policy-makers appear reluctant to inform potential registrants on the Organ Donor Register about ante-mortem donor optimisation procedures and to provide an opportunity to record specific wishes in advance. They are reliant on blind trust in the organ donation programme, which as I argue in this paper, presents significant risks for the achievement of its aim of securing an adequate supply of organs for transplantation. I argue that informed trust, based on accurate information about the future consequences of registration, is a more stable and enduring form of trust in the long term and would provide that sense of security in one’s expectations that often appears to be missing in relation to organ donation.

scholarly journals Teacher Standards and Professionalism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pauline Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Teacher Professionalism ◽  
Policy Makers

<p>The focus of this research is teacher professionalism in New Zealand and the possible role of the ‘Standards for the Teaching Profession’ that were released in 2017, in strengthening the quality of teaching. Evidence suggests that the quality of teachers’ work is an important factor in students’ success. So, a challenge for education policy-makers is to create a system that encourages and enables teachers to be high quality and motivated to keep improving. The literature suggests a strategy to enable this is to encourage a mature profession, where teachers take collective responsibility for improvement. Standards for teachers can be a positive influence on improving teacher practice when their use is balanced between regulatory and development functions, so that they are a catalyst for professional development. This research involved 45 teachers in English Medium settings participating in sector specific focus groups for early childhood, primary school and secondary school teachers, a review of policy documents and secondary data from Education Council workshops. The analysis suggests that aspects of organisational professionalism influence the environment, although most teachers did not consciously align themselves to this discourse. There appeared to be some differences between sectors, with those in early childhood aligning more closely to their organisation than other teachers and feeling like they were not accepted as a legitimate part of the teaching profession. Although teachers were generally positive about the new standards, few teachers considered using them for reflection or professional conversations outside of formal appraisal. The aspiration presented in literature of a mature profession that works collaboratively with a mix of stakeholders to combine expertise, ask tough questions to create solutions and grows professional knowledge was not apparent, however teachers identified opportunities to shift the profession towards this discourse.</p>

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