scholarly journals Note on the influence of temperature on the rigidity of metals

1920 ◽  
Vol 97 (687) ◽  
pp. 450-455
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Test Piece ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Narrow Strip ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Complex Constant ◽  
Fine Wire ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In these ‘Proceedings,’ I described some experiments on the influence of temperature on the value of Young’s Modulus for various metals. The results showed that the more fusible the metal, the greater was the variation of the modulus with temperature, and suggested that, roughly, the decrement of the modulus for a given rise of temperature was equal to the ratio of the modulus at absolute zero to the melting temperature and a constant ( i. e. d M/ dθ = M 0 /( θ n + θ ')). Since Young’s Modulus is a complex constant, involving both rigidity and volume elasticity, it seemed worth while to examine the temperature effect on rigidity alone, and with this object in view I have recently carried out a further series of experiments on most of the metals previously tested. The apparatus used was a torsion-balance, shown diagrammatically in fig. 1. A vertical rod, A, is suspended by a long fine wire, B, and the test piece, C, in the form of a wire or narrow strip of plate, is clamped to the lower end of A, and also to the fixed support, D. The whole of this part of the balance can be immersed in a bath of fluid at any required temperature.

scholarly journals XXXVI. On the influence of temperature on the refraction of light

1858 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Of View ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Narrow Slit ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Fine Wire ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Many ◽  
Cobalt Blue

Fraunhofer, in his original measurements of the fixed lines of the spectrum, noted the thermometer, and those who since his time have occupied themselves with the determi­nation of refractive indices, must have frequently noticed that changes of temperature affect the amount of refraction; yet of the many observations now on record, few have affixed to them the temperature at which they were made. Baden Powell has drawn out some refractive indices of the same substance taken at different temperatures, but remarks that the whole subject, both as to the facts of the case and as to their bear­ing on the theoretical formulæ, remains to be investigated. Among his beautiful researches on light, M. Jamin has recently published one or two experiments on refrac­tion, heat, and density; but, with this exception, he has left untouched the great question of the influence of temperature. Some years ago Baden Powell kindly lent his instrument to one of us for the pur­pose of investigating this question. It is described and figured in the Report of the British Association for 1839. It consists essentially of a small telescope moving on a circle graduated so finely, that by means of a vernier and magnifying glass it may be read to 10"; to ensure accuracy, there is a vernier at each end of the moveable arm: in front of the telescope are appliances for fixing any solid prism, or a hollow prism capable of containing liquids, in such a position that there may be seen through it a ray of light proceeding from a distant slit. The telescope may be moved till a fine wire fastened in the field of view is brought to coincide with any of Fraunhofer’s lines the prismatic spectrum thus obtained, and the angle indicated by the position of the telescope on the graduated circle may he read off. In our recent joint research, as we desired measure the positions of the extreme lines A and H, it was necessary to work with the full light of the sun; its mirrored image, therefore, was kept behind the narrow slit by a heliostat, and the eye was protected from the glare of the yellow ray by means of a cobalt-blue glass.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Coupling Influence of Temperature and Confining Pressure to Deformation and Strength Characteristics of Rock-like Material with Pre-Existing Crack

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Hongwei Wang ◽  
Yongyan Wang ◽  
Xi Fu
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Confining Pressures ◽  
Initial Cracks ◽  
Deformation And Strength Characteristics

In this paper, destructive compression tests under the coupled influence of temperatures (20–60 °C) and confining pressures (0–7 MPa) were carried out on rock-like material with pre-existing crack to explore the deformation and strength characteristics. The stress–strain curves of rock-like material under the coupled influence of temperatures and confining pressures were obtained. Meanwhile, the correlations of peak stress, peak strain, and average Young’s modulus with temperatures and confining pressures were obtained. The results of the experiments indicate that, firstly, the compressive strength decreased and the deformation increased due to the influence of pre-existing cracks; the combined effect of initial cracks, temperature, and confining pressure gave rise to a more complicated mechanism of soft rock deformation. Secondly, the deformation of rock-like material was affected by initial cracks, confining pressures, and temperatures, but the influence of temperature was lower than that of confining pressure and initial crack. The failure mode of rock-like material was brittle at the confining pressure of 0 and 1 MPa and plastic at the confining pressure of 5 and 7 MPa. The critical confining pressure value of failure mode for rock-like material was 3 MPa. Thirdly, the peak strength and peak strain of rock-like material increased with confining pressure. Temperature had less influence on the rock-like material strength and peak strain than confining pressure. Lastly, Young’s modulus decreased with temperature and confining pressure.

scholarly journals The Influence of Temperature and Atmosphere on Young's Modulus of Porous SiC.

1995 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Miyata ◽  
Youichi Ishida ◽  
Tatsuya Shiogai ◽  
Yohtaro Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Porous Sic

Temperature effect on Young’s modulus of surface oxidized silicon nano-films

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (30) ◽  
pp. 2050335
Author(s):  
Kaixiu Ye ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yanliang Li
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Continuum Model ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Deformation Potential ◽  
Pure Silicon

Based on the semi-continuum model, the effect of temperature on Young’s modulus in the presence of oxide layer in silicon nano-films was studied theoretically by using the anharmonic Keating deformation potential, and the effect of oxide layer on Young’s modulus was also studied. The results show that Young’s modulus of the nano-film is inversely proportional to its temperature, which decreases with the increase of temperature. And with the number of oxide layer increasing, Young’s modulus of silicon nano-film increases. At the same thickness and layer numbers, Young’s modulus of the films with oxide layer is larger than that of pure silicon nano-films. The existence of oxide layer leads to the increase of Young’s modulus of the silicon nano-film.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature on Contact Pressures and Resource of Metal-Polymer Plain Bearings with the Filled Polyamide PA6 Bushing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron Chernets ◽  
Mykhaylo Pashechko ◽  
Anatolii Kornienko ◽  
Andrei Buketov
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Dry Friction ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Practical Effect ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Contact Pressures ◽  
Metal Polymer

It is known that the elastic characteristics of polyamides change with increasing temperature, in particular, the Young's modulus decreases significantly. This fact is practically not taken into account in design calculations of metal-polymer plain (MP) bearings, operating under conditions of the boundary and dry friction. The purpose of the study is the analysis of the effect of temperature on the change of the Young's modulus and, accordingly, the contact strength and triboresource according to the developed method of calculating MP bearings. MP bearings with a bushing made of polyamide PA6 reinforced with glass or carbon dispersed fibers were investi-gated. Quantitative and qualitative regularities of change of the maximum contact pressures and resource of the bearings at temperature increase under conditions of boundary and dry friction are established. The pressures in the bearing bushing made of PA6+30GF will be lower than for the bushing made of PA6+30CF. The resource of the bushing made of PA6+30CF will be significantly greater than for PA6+30GF. For thermoplastic polymers, the increase in temperature will have a useful practical effect due to the decrease in the rigidity of the polymer composites of the bearing bushing.

Temperature Effect on Young's Modulus of Boron Nitride Sheets

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mirnezhad ◽  
R. Ansari ◽  
A. Shahabodini
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus

Temperature Dependence of Ion-Beam-Induced In-Plane Stress in Silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Yuan ◽  
R. Hartmann ◽  
I. V. Verner ◽  
J. W. Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Plane Stress ◽  
Surface Stress ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

ABSTRACTExperiments were conducted to determine the sample temperature dependence of ion-beaminduced in-plane stress in silicon. Implantations were carried out for B+, Ar+ and Ti+ at various dose ranges and different silicon temperatures. The ion-beam-induced surface stress was measured by using a newly developed technique, which has a high sensitivity. A large abnormal stress was observed for B+ implantation at room temperature. The results show that the silicon temperature has a significant effect on the ion-beam-induced stress. The influence of temperature on stress curves were presented. This effect is consistent with the temperature effect on the ionbeam-induced amorphization of silicon. However, the effect on chemically active ions, such as B+, is significant, indicating that some preferable temperature can be used for minimizing ionimplantation-induced stress.

scholarly journals On electrostatic induction through solid insulators

1909 ◽  
Vol 82 (556) ◽  
pp. 409-421 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Guard Ring ◽  
Full List ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Electrostatic Induction ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Solid Dielectrics

The following paper contains an account of a series of experiments on the variation of the capacity of condensers having solid dielectrics with the potential difference and the time. The influence of temperature on the results has also been investigated. It is not proposed to give any detailed account of previous work on this subject here. A very full list of papers is given in a paper by Schweidler entitled “Studien liber die Anomalien im Yerhalten der Dielektrika,” ‘Ann. der Physik,’ No. 14, 1907, p. 711. Let A and B be two guard ring parallel plate condensers, the dielectric in A being air and in B any insulator. Let the two guard rings be permanently connected to earth, and the two small plates permanently connected together. Suppose initially the large plates and small plates are connected to earth, the small plates then disconnected, and then the large plate of the condenser B raised to a potential + V and that of A to a potential — V. After a time t , measured from the instant at which the plates were charged, the total charge on the small plates will be given by the equation (V + e ) C -(V - e ) C' + e C" = q, where C is the capacity of the condenser A, C' that of B, C" the capacity of the backs of the small plates and their connecting wire, and e the potential of the small plates. The charge q will be very small if the dielectric in B is a good insulator, and we may put it equal to k Vc' t , where k is a constant approximately.

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