scholarly journals On the effect of temperature on the viscosity of air

1927 ◽  
Vol 117 (776) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Normal Boiling Point ◽  
Saturated Vapour ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Cast Doubt

It appeared that further experiments on the viscosity of air were desirable in order to discriminate between the results of F. A. Williams* and those of most previous observers, and to test his conclusion respecting the validity of Sutherland’s law of the variation of viscosity with temperature. It happened that this could be done easily and expeditiously in the laboratories of the Imperial College. Mr. R. S. Edwards, the author of the following paper, was in the midst of preparations for determining the viscosity of neon at a number of temperatures ranging from atmospheric temperature to the normal boiling point of sulphur, and at my suggestion diverted his attention to the behaviour of air at the same temperatures. It is true that this range (about 430 centi­grade degrees) is not so extensive as the thousand degrees covered by Williams’ experiments, but it includes all that region in which, according to Williams, the value of Sutherland’s constant displays the large increase upon which I have cast doubt. Edwards’ method of temperature control and estimation involves heating by the saturated vapour of selected substances of well-established boiling points, and would appear to be more reliable than the electrical heating, and particularly the temperature measurement by a single thermocouple, as employed by Williams. In the present experiments also, considerable variations of the pressure conditions have been made, with consistent results, thus proving the validity of the transpiration formula assumed. No such internal evidence of accuracy was provided in Williams’ experiments.

Some Thermodynamic Properties of Pure and Impure Nitrogen

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (16) ◽  
pp. 1521-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ancsin
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Triple Point ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Normal Boiling Point ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Triple Points

Boiling points, freezing points, and vapor pressures (from 56 K to the normal boiling point) for pure and various doped N2 samples have been measured. The normal boiling points for N2 and N2 doped with 100 v.p.p.m. of O2, Ar, Kr, and CO impurities were found to be 77.3439 K, 77.3458 K, 77.3452 K, 77.3454 K, and 77.3444 K respectively. The triple points of the same samples are 63.14635 K, 63.1445 K, 63.14575 K, 63.1487 K, and 63.14675 K respectively. The values obtained for the heats of sublimation, vaporization, and fusion at the triple point of pure N2 were 6773.8, 6049.6, and 724.3 J/mole respectively and the above impurities changed these quantities by the amounts given in Tables 5 and 6.

THE NORMAL BOILING POINTS AND OTHER PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STRONG SOLUTIONS OF SILVER NITRATE AND OF AMMONIUM NITRATE

1950 ◽  
Vol 28b (4) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan N. Campbell ◽  
Elinor M. Kartzmark
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Strong Solutions ◽  
Normal Boiling Point ◽  
Boiling Points

The present paper is a record of certain of the physical properties of solutions of silver nitrate and of ammonium nitrate, which were made by us in connection with our work on conductance. Some of these properties were actually used in calculations, others not, but they are collected here in their entirety. The properties described are: (1) normal boiling point; (2) densities and partial molar volume of water in solution; (3) viscosities at different concentrations and temperatures, as compared with those of a typical nonelectrolyte, urea; (4) the temperature coefficient of fluidity compared with the temperature coefficient of conductance; (5) the distribution coefficient of acetic acid between ether and solutions of silver nitrate.

The Realization of the Normal Boiling Point of Neon

Metrologia ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Kemp ◽  
W R G Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Boiling Point ◽  
Normal Boiling Point

scholarly journals The influence of pressure on the boiling points of metals

1910 ◽  
Vol 83 (565) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Exact Relation ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Low Pressures ◽  
Very High

Part I. — Pressures below 760 mm . In a previous communication (‘Proc.’, A, vol. 82, 1909, p. 396) the approximate boiling points of a number of metals were determined at atmospheric pressure. Apart from the question of finding the exact relation between the boiling point and pressure, it is an important criterion of any method for fixing the temperatures of ebullition to demonstrate that the experimental values obtained are dependent on the pressure. It is specially desirable when dealing with substances boiling at temperatures above 2000° to have some evidence that the points indicated are true boiling points. Previous work on the vaporisation of metals at different pressures has been confined to experiments in a very high vacuum except for metals like bismuth, cadmium, and zinc, which boil at relatively low temperatures under atmospheric pressure. The observations were limited to very low pressures on account of the difficulty of obtaining any material capable of withstanding a vacuum at temperatures over 1400° and the consequent necessity for keeping the boiling point below this limit by using very low pressures. Moreover in the case of the majority of the metals, e. g. , copper, tin, ebullition under reduced pressure has never been observed. The difficulties indicated above were avoided by using a similar type of apparatus to that previously described, and arranging the whole furnace inside a vacuum enclosure, thus permitting of the use of graphite crucibles to contain the metal.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Pyrolysis Oil Using High-Density Polyethylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate Sources From Mobile Pyrolysis Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruktai Prurapark ◽  
Kittwat Owjaraen ◽  
Bordin Saengphrom ◽  
Inpitcha Limthongtip ◽  
Nopparat Tongam
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
High Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
And Performance

This research aims to study the effect of temperature, collecting time, and condensers on properties of pyrolysis oil. The research was done be analyzing viscosity, density, proportion of pyrolysis products and performance of each condenser towers for the pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the mobile pyrolysis plant. Results showed that the main product of HDPE resin was liquid, and the main product of PET resin was solid. Since the pyrolysis of PET results in mostly solid which blocked up the pipe, the analysis of pyrolysis oil would be from the use of HDPE as a raw material. The pyrolysis of HDPE resin in the amount of 100 kg at 400, 425, and 450°C produced the amount of oil 22.5, 27, and 40.5 L, respectively. The study found that 450°C was the temperature that gives the highest amount of pyrolysis oil in the experiment. The viscosity was in the range of 3.287–4.850 cSt. The density was in the range of 0.668–0.740 kg/L. The viscosity and density were increased according to three factors: high pyrolysis temperature, number of condensers and longer sampling time. From the distillation at temperatures below 65, 65–170, 170–250, and above 250°C, all refined products in each temperature range had the carbon number according to their boiling points. The distillation of pyrolysis oil in this experiment provided high amount of kerosene, followed by gasoline and diesel.

Exciplex-Based Vapor/Liquid Visualization Systems Appropriate for Automotive Gasolines

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A. Melton
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Automotive Gasoline ◽  
Normal Boiling Point ◽  
Tertiary Amines ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Exciplex Emission ◽  
Visualization Systems ◽  
Vapor Liquid

This paper reports the development of exciplex-based vapor/liquid visualization systems based on exciplexes formed from tertiary amines and fluorine-substituted benzene and/or toluene. These systems are expected to be virtually coevaporative with solvents (fuels) boiling in the temperature range 70 to 110°C and thus are expected to track the vaporization of automotive gasoline effectively. A system consisting of 10% triethylamine/0.5% fluorobenzene/89.5% hexane should be coevaporative with a normal boiling point of 69°C. A system consisting of 10% n-propyldiethylamine/0.5% 4-fluorotoluene/89.5% isooctane should be coevaporative with a normal boiling point of approximately 100°C. Although the coevaporation of these systems is excellent, the exciplexes revert to varying extents to excited monomer at temperatures near 100°C. Thus there is considerable cross talk from the liquid into the vapor spectral region. The tertiary amines generally require excitation at wavelengths below 250 nm; the fluorobenzene or 4-fluorotoluene can be excited at 266 nm. Monomer emission peaks at 290 nm; exciplex emission peaks at 350 nm.

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