REGIONAL BIAS IN LATE ANTIQUE AND EARLY MEDIEVAL COIN FINDS AND ITS EFFECTS ON DATA: THREE CASE STUDIES

This paper discusses the role of bias and uncertainty in the FLAME project (Framing the Late Antique and Early Medieval Economy) at Princeton University. FLAME is a large Digital Humanities project focused on collecting and storing data on coin minting and circulation in west Afro-Eurasia from 325 to 750 CE, roughly coinciding with the period of transition between the late antique and early medieval periods. The overarching goal is historical – that is, we wish to be able to say something new about how the world of late antiquity and the medieval period really was. However, in the process of building this database, and its accompanying online tools, we have also observed that the data is difficult and problematic. This paper, then, is an account of some of these historiographical and methodological issues in the form of three case studies (Britain, France, and Ukraine) and a short discussion of strategies that FLAME employs to communicate these biases to users, who benefit from a transparent discussion of messiness and difficulty in the data. The paper proceeds in seven sections, of which the first is an introduction. Section Two presents basic technical details of the project, such as its database implementation (MySQL) and its online visualization systems (ArcGIS), access to which can be found at https://flame.princeton.edu. Section Three discusses the historiographic questions at stake, distinguishing between Primary Bias (inherent in materials themselves) and Secondary Bias (particular to national and political contexts). Section Four, Five, and Six are each devoted to a separate case study: Britain, France, and Ukraine. Each discusses FLAME's data on that region and briefly touches upon contextual factors that may bias regional data. Thus, Section Four discusses Britain, with much analysis focused on the role of the Portable Antiquities Scheme in incentivizing reporting of found antiquities, and its effects on coin data. Section Five discusses France, where FLAME records many coin finds, but from a limited time period (primarily from Merovingian states). Section Six discusses the situation in Ukraine, where we were helped by existing scholarly resources (such as the coin inventories of Kropotkin), but where cultural heritage preservation suffers from weak state enforcement and where much scholarship suffers from spotty recording practices, and often outright theft of national treasures, going back to the imperial Russian period. Section Seven concludes the paper, noting that such methodological and second-order discussion of bias is a critical desideratum for the Digital Humanities as it matures into its second decade.

Development and evaluation of the effectiveness of educational material for radiological protection that uses augmented reality and virtual reality to visualize the behavior of scattered radiation

Understanding the behavior of scattered radiation is important for learning appropriate radiation protection methods, but many existing visualization systems for radiation require special devices, making it difficult to use them in education. The purpose of this study was to develop teaching material for radiation protection that can help visualize the scattered radiation with augmented and virtual reality on a web browser, develop a method for using it in education and examine its effectiveness. The distribution of radiation during radiography was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation, and teaching material was created. The material was used in a class for department of radiological technology students and its influence on motivation was evaluated using a questionnaire based on the evaluation model for teaching materials. In addition, text mining was used to evaluate impressions objectively. Educational material was developed that can be used in augmented and virtual reality for studying the behavior of scattered radiation. The results of the questionnaire showed that the average value of each item was more than 4 on a 5-point scale, indicating that the teaching material attracted the interest of users. Through text mining, it could be concluded that there was improved understanding of, and confidence in, radiation protection.

Analysis of architectural and planning solutions for visualization systems of medical organizations

Introduction. Currently, visualization is recognized as one of the main criteria for the quality of space of the new model of a medical organization providing primary health care. Purpose of the study to establish the features of architectural and planning solutions for visualization systems of medical organizations providing primary health care. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the visualization systems of 94 medical organizations from seven constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in which all available internal and external visual elements were studied in person. As a basis for assessing visualization systems, the author's checklist was taken according to the ALIDS method of 50 indicators, united by common characteristics in five blocks: architectural planning and design solutions, transmitted information, levels and methods of visualization. The block «Architectural and planning solutions» was represented by 10 parameters. A nominal dichotomous score was assigned for each criterion. Results. The general architectural and planning solutions of visualization systems of medical organizations providing primary health care are at a satisfactory level (6,3±1,8 points). The greatest correspondence among the architectural and planning solutions of visualization systems of medical organizations was found in the characteristics of safety (93%), cleanliness (88%) and ergonomics of the location (79%) of elements, the least — in the presence of general infographic schemes (9%) and routing (3%). The level of architectural and planning solutions for visualization systems of medical organizations correlates with the complexity of the architectural plan of buildings (r=–0,423; p<0,05) and the patients' assessment of the comfort of the conditions for providing services (r=0,345; p<0,01). Discussion. Improving visualization systems by improving the architectural and planning solutions of elements can lead to a significant reduction in the main and additional types of losses in lean production both on the part of patients and on the part of medical personnel. Conclusion. One of the main problems of organizing visualization systems in medical organizations is the lack of common maps with buildings, signs of entrances and other objects of the adjacent territory. The absence of a positioning sign on most schemes leads to a longer orientation in space, and in the case of placing the elements of the visualization system at the decision-making points, the intersection of patient flows and an increase in the risk of security breaches.

Data Analysis through Visualization

This chapter discusses the topic of how one can use visualization techniques to analyze game data. Specifically, the chapter delves into the development of heatmaps to analyze spatio-temporal data. The chapter also discusses spatio-temporal visualizations and state-action transition visualizations. We also discuss two visualization systems that we have developed within the GUII lab: Stratmapper and Glyph. We provide you with a link that allows you to explore the use of these visualizations with real game data. This chapter is written in collaboration with Riddhi Padte and Varun Sriram, based on their work in Dr. Seif El-Nasr’s game data science class at Northeastern University; Erica Kleinman, PhD student at University of California at Santa Cruz; and Andy Bryant, software engineer at GUII Lab. The chapter also includes labs where you get to experience the analysis of game data through visualization.

Surgical Navigation Systems Based On AR/VR Technologies

This study considers modern surgical navigation systems based on augmented reality technologies. Augmented reality glasses are used to construct holograms of the patient's organs from MRI and CT data, subsequently transmitted to the glasses. Thus, in addition to seeing the actual patient, the surgeon gains visualization inside the patient's body (bones, soft tissues, blood vessels, etc.). The solutions developed at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University allow reducing the invasiveness of the procedure and preserving healthy tissues. This also improves the navigation process, making it easier to estimate the location and size of the tumor to be removed.We describe the application of developed systems to different types of surgical operations (removal of a malignant brain tumor, removal of a cyst of the cervical spine). We consider the specifics of novel navigation systems designed for anesthesia, for endoscopic operations. Furthermore, we discuss the construction of novel visualization systems for ultrasound machines. Our findings indicate that the technologies proposed show potential for telemedicine.

Information technologies in commerce

The textbook discusses the technologies of the digital economy in commerce: visualization systems, virtual and mixed reality technologies, risk management, budgeting and planning, service-oriented enterprise architecture. The use of intelligent information systems in the work of the enterprise and for forecasting sales, scoring, combating fraud in the banking sector and trade; wireless information networks of 4G and 5G standards, Internet of Things networks, mobile technologies in the work of retail and wholesale enterprises is shown. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of training "Trade business".

Reusing Interactive Analysis Workflows

Interactive visual analysis has many advantages, but has the disadvantage that analysis processes and workflows cannot be easily stored and reused, which is in contrast to scripted analysis workflows using a programming language such as Python. In this paper, we introduce methods to semantically capture workflows in interactive visualization systems for different interactions such as selections, filters, categorizing/grouping, labeling, and aggregation. We design these workflows to be robust to updates in the dataset by capturing the semantics of underlying interactions, and, hence, they can be applied to updated datasets. We demonstrate this specification using a prototype that visualizes the data, shows interaction provenance, and allows generating workflows from this provenance. Finally, we introduce a Python library that can consume the workflow and apply it to the datasets, providing a seamless bridge between computational workflows and interactive visualization tools. We demonstrate our techniques using our UI prototype and Jupyter notebooks.

Using visual-interactive properties to support data quality visual assessment on abstract and timeless data

Visualization systems belong to supervised tools that can make noticeable the intrinsic structures of defects on data. However, despite the significant number of these systems that assist Data Quality Assessment, few provide resources to examine these structures deeply. This situation prevents data quality appraisers from using their contextual knowledge to confirm or refute any data defect. This article explores a visualisation system’s additional features and design characteristics (named V is4DD) that uses visual-interactive properties to support data quality visual assessment on abstract and timeless data (e.g., Customer, Billing). Additionally, we conduct a full review and outline the state-of-art visualization systems related to data quality assessment and fit Vis4DD into this scenario.

ReVisE: Remote visualization environment for large numerical simulation datasets

The paper presents a new open-source visualization system, named ReVisE, aimed to provide interactive visualization of large datasets, which are results of complex numerical simulations. These datasets are hosted on a remote server or a supercomputer. The design of the system is briefly described. Dataset representation, proposed for interactive visualization and implemented in the system, is discussed. The effectiveness of our approach is confirmed by results of performance measurements on test and real-life large datasets. A comparison with other visualization systems is presented. Future plans of system development are outlined.