Measurements of Sc I gf -values

1976 ◽  
Vol 351 (1667) ◽  
pp. 569-579 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Ground Term ◽  
Absolute Scale ◽  
Lower Energy Level ◽  
The Absolute

By means of a ‘heat pipe’ and the ‘hook method’ the gf -values for 98 transitions in neutral scandium between 200 and 650 nm have been measured. Of these transitions, 33 are unclassified lines that occur in pairs with the lower energy level identified, and 14 are unclassified but are believed to originate from one of the two levels of the ground term. The absolute scale of gf -values has been based on the measurements of Bell & Lyzenga (1976). We have compared our values to those in the literature.

scholarly journals A New Opacity-Sampling Model Atmosphere Program for Arbitrary Abundances

1993 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Kurucz
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Model Atmosphere ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Elemental Abundances ◽  
Lower Energy Level ◽  
Molecular Lines ◽  
Ap Stars

AbstractI have developed a new version of my model atmosphere program called ATLAS12. It recognizes more than 1000 species, each in up to 10 isotopic forms, including all ions of the elements up through Zn and the first 5 ions of heavier elements up through Es. The elemental abundances are treated as variable with depth. ATLAS12 has 6 input files of line data containing 58,000,000 atomic and molecular lines. For each line the wavelength, identification, lower energy level, gf, radiative, Stark, and van der Waals damping constants are packed into 16 bytes. At each wavelength point in a frequency integration the profiles of all the significant nearby lines are computed and summed. The program and line files will be distributed in the fall of 1992.There are no significant differences at A0 between an opacity-sampled model computed with ATLAS12 and opacity-distribution-function model computed with ATLAS9. ATLAS12 allows arbitrary abundances but is slower. The new program can be used to produce improved models for Am and Ap stars that include the effects of millions of lines.

Effects of different protein and energy levels on the performance of growing and finishing turkeys in the tropics

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-632
Author(s):  
J. M. Olomu ◽  
S. A. Offiong ◽  
S. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Lower Energy Level ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
The Tropics

SUMMARYThree experiments were conducted to assess the effects of different protein and energy levels on turkeys during the periods 12–16 weeks, 16–20 weeks and 20–24 weeks. Compared with 20 and 22% protein, 18% significantly depressed weight gain and feed efficiency during the 12–16 weeks period, while 14 and 16% protein, compared with 18%, significantly depressed weight gain and feed efficiency during the 16–20 weeks period but gave similar weight gain and feed efficiency as the 18% protein during the 20–24 weeks period.During all periods between 12 and 24 weeks, the two energy levels tested (11·72 and 12·56 MJ/kg) did not significantly affect weight gain and feed efficiency whereas feed consumption was significantly higher on the lower energy level.The present studies suggest that 20, 18 and 16% protein, all with metabolizable energy of 11·72 MJ/kg, may be recommended for turkeys aged 12–16 weeks, 16–20 weeks and 20–24 weeks respectively.

scholarly journals Series of emission and absorption bands in the mercury spectrum

1927 ◽  
Vol 116 (775) ◽  
pp. 702-719 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Quantum Number ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Resonance Line ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Band Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Lower Energy Level ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Apparent Violation

In a recent paper some remarkable phenomena exhibited by the mercury band spectrum in emission were described. In particular it was shown that the band spectrum was intimately related to the resonance line 1 1 S 0 — 1 3 P 1 (2537) and the “forbidden” lines 1 1 S 0 — 1 3 P 0 (2656) and 1 1 S 0 — 1 3 P 2 (2270) which appear strongly with it, in spite of the apparent violation of the inner quantum number rule which this implies. A system of emission bands was described, extending from λ 3055 to λ 2697, with the spacing diminishing from 21 A to about 6 A. The starting point of the present investigation was to look for these bands in absorption, so as to determine whether they had for their lower energy level one associated with the normal state of the molecule.

scholarly journals The effect on rats of practical diets containing different protein and energy levels

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ford ◽  
R. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
Different Levels

Rats of 3 strains were fed diets of natural ingredients in 4 different laboratories. The diets contained different levels of protein and energy within ranges comparable to those found in existing laboratory diets. Energy level over the range examined appeared to exert greatest influence on bodyweight gain, but had no effect on food intake. The diet with the highest amino acid content was consumed in smaller amounts than the other diets. Food utilization was less efficient in the lower energy diets. Fat deposition was reduced in animals fed the lowest energy diet. It is concluded that energy level of the diet exerts an effect on the rate of bodyweight gain in rats, but that for longer-term studies a reduced energy level may be beneficial by leading to smaller fat deposits with consequent increase in longevity.

Accuracy of the Mekometer Scale

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Meier ◽  
J. M. Rüeger
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Scale ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
The Absolute

The results of recent investigations into the absolute scale of Mekometer measurements and frequency measuring techniques are summarized. On this basis a revised procedure is proposed for the reduction of Mekometer distances.

scholarly journals Absolute UV Calibration of Rocket Photometers Used to Up-Date the OAO Calibration

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Albert Gaide
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Absolute Scale ◽  
Absolute Energy ◽  
The Absolute

Accurate rocket observations are needed to estimate the post-launch sensitivity of the Wisconsin OAO instruments and to set the absolute scale of the OAO broad-band photometry and spectrophotometry. Seven broad-band photometers, equipping a pointable Aerobee rocket, are calibrated against a source of synchrotron radiation in an attempt to determine, as accurately as possible, the absolute energy distribution of OAO reference stars. The first flight (July 1st, 1970) failed for technical reasons but the experiment will be repeated in 1971.

Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry 2014: Celebrating the International Year of Light 2015, commemorating the Old Quantum Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 1530001
Author(s):  
Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
Blackbody Radiation ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Nobel Prizes ◽  
Lower Energy Level ◽  
Old Quantum Theory ◽  
Light Generation

2015 is the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies (IYL), while the physics and chemistry Nobel Prizes 2014 are both about light. The work leading to the two prizes share the same basic theoretical foundation: when an electron jumps from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, the energy difference is transformed into a photon. This basic way of light generation is a key part of the Old Quantum Theory. Interestingly, the date of announcing the 2014 Nobel Prize for physics coincided with the birthdays of Niels Bohr and, especially, of Planck's blackbody radiation formula. In connection with the two 2014 Nobel Prizes, we recall the development of the Old Quantum Theory by Planck, Einstein and Bohr.

ENERGY DIGESTIBILITY AND NITROGEN RETENTION BY PIGS AND RATS FED DIETS CONTAINING NON-NUTRITIVE DILUENTS AND VARYING IN PROTEIN LEVEL

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. A. Likuski ◽  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lower Energy Level ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Old Rats

Diets containing gross energy levels of 3.9 and 3.2 Cal./gm. and crude protein levels of 14 and 18 per cent on an air-dry basis (4.4 and 3.5 Cal./gm and 15 and 20 per cent respectively on an oven-dry basis) were fed in a 2 × 2 factorial design to weanling rats and pigs. The lower energy level was achieved by adding 20 per cent of a fine aggregate of vermiculite. In the rat experiment the vermiculite was compared with a similar level or non-nutritive cellulose. Dry matter, apparent energy and apparent nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen retention were determined with 4- to 5-week-old rats weighing approximately 80 grams and with pigs averaging approximately 8, 20 and 50 kilograms liveweight.The apparent digestibility of energy and nitrogen by rats and pigs was similar. The percentage apparent nitrogen digestibility was reduced in both species fed lower energy diets. Dry matter and energy digestibilities were lowered in rats fed lower energy diets containing vermiculite but a similar effect was evident only in 8-kilogram pigs.Nitrogen retention varied between the two species. Percentage gross or digestible nitrogen retention in rats was increased with higher energy and with lower protein diets. Retention of digested nitrogen in Pigs was reduced with higher energy compared to lower energy diets. Higher protein improved nitrogen retention in 8-kilogram pigs but lowered retention in heavier pigs.

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