scholarly journals The variations in the pressure and composition of the blood in cholera; and their bearing on the success of hypertonic saline transfusion in its treatment

1909 ◽  
Vol 81 (548) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Intravenous Saline ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

During the quarter of a century which has elapsed since the discovery by Prof. Koch of the comma bacillus of cholera, research work has benn almost confined to the bacteriology of the subject. Unfortunately, with the exception of M. Haffkine’s prophylactic inoculations, which are now very little used even in india, this line of work has done little or nothing to help the practitioner who is confronted with the treatment of this terrible disease. No powerful antitoxic serum of practical value has been produced, and even if such should still be obtained, many patients value has been produced, even if such should still be obtained, many patients come under treatment in such a state of collapse that no medicine can be absorbed, even if retained. The old controversy between the evacuant conserative methods of treatment has long since ended in the practically universal adoption of the latter, although as late as 1866 Dr. George Johnson advocated castor oil, denying that there was any relationship between the amount of fluid lost from the body and the mortality, while he strenuously opposed the use of intravenous saline injections to replace it. There is still much difference of opinion about the latter treatment, for although all who have used transfusion testify to the remarkable immediate improvement in the pulse and general condition, yet this is commonly of such brief duration that many think it only severs to needlessly prolong the agony of the patient, so that of recent years it has been only exceptionally resorted to in India.

Malignant Tumour and Insanity [Tumeur maligne et aliénation mentale]. (Rev. de Psychiat., No. 5, 1900.) Jacquin, G.

1901 ◽  
Vol 47 (196) ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
H. J. Macevoy
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fistulous Opening ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Tumeur Maligne ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right

There exists still much difference of opinion as to the part played by cancer in the ætiology of insanity. In the case here related by Jacquin, he believes that the malignant tumour was a strong factor in the causation of the insane attack; but it is important to remember that injections into the body of the tumour were made, and that some septic mischief was set up thereby. A woman, æt. 31 years, was admitted into the Hospital de la Croix-Rousse (Lyon) on July 3rd, 1899, with a swelling on the right side of the neck of the size of a walnut, thought to be lymphadenoma. Three days later iodoform with ether was injected into the tumour after incision. After a few days' suppuration the wound healed. Three months later, the patient returned with the tumour a good deal larger—the size of a small fótal head. There was a good deal of pain, and signs of pressure on the right brachial plexus were present. Every third day arsenical injections were made into the tumour without any result. On November 29th, the patient was admitted into Bron Asylum suffering from delusions of persecution, with hallucinations of hearing and sight. From a fistulous opening in the tumour, very fótid blood-stained matter escaped. There was marked cachexia. The delusions and hallucinations persisted, fever set in, the general condition grew worse, and the patient died on February 12th. There was no autopsy.

VI. Experiments made with a view to ascertain the principle on which the action of the heart depends, and the relation which subsists between that organ and the nervous system

1815 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 65-90 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Spinal Marrow ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain ◽  
General Opinion ◽  
Nervous Influence

The following experiments were begun with a view to as­ certain the manner in which certain poisons act in destroying life. I soon found that, in order to make any considerable progress in such an inquiry, it is necessary to ascertain how far the powers of the nervous and sanguiferous systems di­rectly depend on each other. There seems never to have been any difference of opinion respecting the direct depend­ence of the nervous on the sanguiferous system. When the powers of circulation are increased or diminished, the nervous system always suffers a corresponding change, nor can the latter, under any circumstances, continue to perform its functions after the former are destroyed. I speak of the warm blooded animals. In cold blooded animals the process of dying is so slow, that the functions of the nervous system abate very gradually, after the circulation has wholly ceased. The converse of the above proposition is by no means so generally admitted. It is evident that certain changes of the nervous, produce corresponding changes in the sanguiferous, system ; yet, while some assert, that the action of the heart depends as immediately on the brain, as that of the latter does on the heart, others maintain, that the nervous power may be wholly destroyed without impairing the vigour of this organ. This point it is necessary to determine, before we can trace with precision the modus operandi of poisons. The following inquiry therefore may be divided into two parts. In the first, I shall endeavour to ascertain how far the power of the heart is influenced by the state of the nervous system; in the other, by what steps certain poisons destroy the powers of both. This I shall reserve for another paper, and here confine my­self to the first part of the subject. Till the time of Haller, it seems to have been the general opinion, that the muscles derive their power from the nervous system. He taught, that the power of the muscles depends on their mechanism, that the nervous influence is merely a stimulus which calls it into action, and consequently that those muscles, the heart for example, which act only by the appli­cation of one peculiar stimulus, unconnected with the nervous system, are wholly independent of it. This opinion seemed confirmed by its being generally admitted, that the action of the heart continues after it is removed from the body, and that it cannot be influenced by stimulating the brain, or spinal marrow, or the nerves which terminate in it. Haller and his followers maintain, that there are two distinct vital powers, one of the nervous and another of the sanguiferous system.

scholarly journals The Mystery behind “Yawning”: A Physiological Insight

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Dipak Kumar Dhar ◽  
Ritik Arora
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Exhaustive Study ◽  
The Times ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Available Information

AbstractYawning is a very ubiquitous yet very poorly understood phenomenon. Even though with advancements in science, the scientific community has been able to decode the mechanisms and mysteries behind most of the physiological functions of the body, but we still do not have clear answers to this common activity that all of us experience numerous times on a daily basis. It is the enigma surrounding yawning that makes it all more intriguing. A lot of hypotheses and theories have been proposed since the times of Hippocrates. With more modern neuroimaging methods and bioassays available now, more meticulous inquiry is being increasingly made to elucidate a rational and scientifically sound physiological basis of yawning. A comprehensive and exhaustive study of articles and research work available on the internet on the subject was made through various search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, etc. This article attempts to provide in a nutshell the available information and knowledge on the subject and discuss its plausibility and the future direction of research in this field.

Diaghilev and British Writing

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Susan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Responses ◽  
Literary Aesthetics ◽  
Ballets Russes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Opening Up

This article explores the diversity of British literary responses to Diaghilev's project, emphasising the way in which the subject matter and methodologies of Diaghilev's modernism were sometimes unexpectedly echoed in expressions of contemporary British writing. These discussions emerge both in writing about Diaghilev's work, and, more discretely, when references to the Russian Ballet find their way into the creative writing of the period, serving to anchor the texts in a particular cultural milieu or to suggest contemporary aesthetic problems in the domain of literary aesthetics developing in the period. Figures from disparate fields, including literature, music and the visual arts, brought to their criticism of the Ballets Russes their individual perspectives on its aesthetics, helping to consolidate the sense of its importance in contributing to the inter-disciplinary flavour of modernism across the arts. In the field of literature, not only did British writers evaluate the Ballets Russes in terms of their own poetics, their relationship to experimentation in the novel and in drama, they developed an increasing sense of the company's place in dance history, its choreographic innovations offering material for wider discussions, opening up the potential for literary modernism's interest in impersonality and in the ‘unsayable’, discussions of the body, primitivism and gender.

Compulsive Bodies, Creative Bodies: Beckett'sQuadand Agency in the 21stCentury

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Amanda Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Repetitive Movement ◽  
Repetitive Tasks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology ◽  
Geological Space ◽  
Alternative Reading

Lying in ditches, tromping through mud, wedged in urns, trash bins, buried in earth, bodies in Beckett appear anything but capable of acting meaningfully on their environments. Bodies in Beckett seem, rather, synonymous with abjection, brokenness, and passivity—as if the human were overcome by its materiality: odours, pain, foot sores, decreased mobility. To the extent that Beckett's personae act, they act vaguely (wandering) or engage in quasi-obsessive, repetitive tasks: maniacal rocking, rotating sucking stones and biscuits, uttering words evacuated of sense, ceaseless pacing. Perhaps the most vivid dramatization of bodies compelled to meaningless, repetitive movement is Quad (1981), Beckett's ‘ballet’ for television, in which four bodies in hooded robes repeat their series ad infinitum. By 1981, has all possibility for intentional action in Beckett been foreclosed? Are we doomed, as Hamm puts it, to an eternal repetition of the same? (‘Moments for nothing, now as always, time was never and time is over, reckoning closed and story ended.’)This article proposes an alternative reading of bodily abjection, passivity and compulsivity in Beckett, a reading that implies a version of agency more capacious than voluntarism. Focusing on Quad as an illustrative case, I show how, if we shift our focus from the body's diminished possibilities for movement to the imbrication of Beckett's personae in environments (a mound of earth), things, and objects, a different story emerges: rather than dramatizing the impossibility of action, Beckett's work may sketch plans for a more ecological, post-human version of agency, a more collaborative mode of ‘acting’ that eases the divide between the human, the world of inanimate objects, and the earth.Movements such as new materialism and object-oriented ontology challenge hierarchies among subjects, objects and environments, questioning the rigid distinction between animate and inanimate, and the notion of the Anthropocene emphasizes the influence of human activity on social and geological space. A major theoretical challenge that arises from such discourses (including 20th-century challenges to the idea of an autonomous, willing, subject) is to arrive at an account of agency robust enough to survive if not the ‘death of the subject’ then its imbrication in the material and social environment it acts upon. Beckett's treatment of the human body suggests a version of agency that draws strength from a body's interaction with its environment, such that meaning is formed in the nexus between body and world. Using the example of Quad, I show how representations of the body in Beckett disturb the opposition between compulsivity (when a body is driven to move or speak in the absence of intention) and creative invention. In Quad, serial repetition works to create an interface between body and world that is receptive to meanings outside the control of a human will. Paradoxically, compulsive repetition in Beckett, despite its uncomfortable closeness to addiction, harnesses a loss of individual control that proposes a more versatile and ecologically mindful understanding of human action.

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽  
Zahra Muhammad ◽  
Amina Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas   (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr,  Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali  and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above  the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

Predicting the citation and impact factor of terms for scientific publications using machine learning algorithms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Klokov ◽  
Evgenii Slobodyuk ◽  
Michael Charnine
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Environment

The object of the research when writing the work was the body of text data collected together with the scientific advisor and the algorithms for processing the natural language of analysis. The stream of hypotheses has been tested against computer science scientific publications through a series of simulation experiments described in this dissertation. The subject of the research is algorithms and the results of the algorithms, aimed at predicting promising topics and terms that appear in the course of time in the scientific environment. The result of this work is a set of machine learning models, with the help of which experiments were carried out to identify promising terms and semantic relationships in the text corpus. The resulting models can be used for semantic processing and analysis of other subject areas.

Living with Barren Truths: A Tale of Triumphalism and Tribulations of a Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 097168582110159
Author(s):  
Sital Mohanty ◽  
Subhasis Sahoo ◽  
Pranay Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Science, technology and human values have been the subject of enquiry in the last few years for social scientists and eventually the relationship between science and gender is the subject of an ongoing debate. This is due to the event of globalization which led to the exponential growth of new technologies like assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART, one of the most iconic technological innovations of the twentieth century, has become increasingly a normal social fact of life. Since ART invades multiple human discourses—thereby transforming culture, society and politics—it is important what is sociological about ART as well as what is biological. This article argues in commendation of sociology of technology, which is alert to its democratic potential but does not concurrently conceal the historical and continuing role of technology in legitimizing gender discrimination. The article draws the empirical insights from local articulations (i.e., Odisha state in eastern India) for the understandings of motherhood, freedom and choice, reproductive right and rights over the body to which ART has contributed. Sociologically, the article has been supplemented within the broader perspectives of determinism, compatibilism alongside feminism.

scholarly journals The Farmer's Law

1910 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Ashburner
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
The Government

The origin of the little code for the government of Byzantine agriculturists, which is known in the manuscripts as the Farmer's Law (νόμος γϵωργικός), has occasioned some difference of opinion among the learned men who have dealt with it. The greatest authority on Byzantine law, Zachariä von Lingenthal, changed his mind on the subject. He began by thinking it the work of a private hand—the compiler of the Appendix Eclogae—and assigning it to the eighth or ninth century (Historiae Juris Graeco-Romami Delineatio, p. 32). It was put together, in his opinion, partly from the legislation of Justinian and partly from local custom. According to his last view (Geschichte des Griechisch-römischen Rechts, 3rd ed. pp. 249 sqq.) it is a product of the legislative activity of the emperors Leo and Constantine and was enacted about the year 740 A.D.

scholarly journals Mechanotendography in Achillodynia shows reduced oscillation variability of pre-loaded Achilles tendon: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
Laura Schaefer ◽  
Frank Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Oscillations ◽  
Pressure Impact ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intrapersonal Variability

The present study focuses on an innovative approach in measuring the mechanical oscillations of pre-loaded Achilles tendon by using Mechanotendography (MTG) during application of a short yet powerful mechanical pressure impact. This was applied on the forefoot from the plantar side in direction of dorsiflexion, while the subject stood on the ball of the forefoot on one leg. Participants with Achilles tendinopathy (AT; n = 10) were compared to healthy controls (Con; n = 10). Five trials were performed on each side of the body. For evaluation, two intervals after the impulse began (0-100ms; 30-100ms) were cut from the MTG and pressure raw signals. The intrapersonal variability between the five trials in both intervals were evaluated using the arithmetic mean and coefficient of variation of the mean correlation (Spearman rank correlation) and the normalized averaged mean distances, respectively. The AT-group showed a significantly reduced variability in MTG compared to the Con-group (from p = 0.006 to p = 0.028 for different parameters). The 95% confidence intervals (CI) of MTG results were disjoint, whereas the 95% CIs of the pressure signals were similar (p = 0.192 to p = 0.601). We suggest from this work that the variability of mechanical tendon oscillations could be an indicative parameter of an altered Achilles tendon functionality.

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