scholarly journals Studies on the reductase of liver and kidney.—Part I

1912 ◽  
Vol 85 (582) ◽  
pp. 486-494
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Reduction Processes ◽  
The Press ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Blue Methylene

The notion has been steadily gaining ground that the reducing powers of animal tissues are due to enzymic action. In March, 1910, one of us adduced evidence that this so-called “reductase” was active in the press-juice of liver and kidney of sheep, ox, horse, and frog. Soluble Prussian blue, methylene blue, and sodium indigo-disulphonate are all reduced more or less perfectly to leuco-compounds by press juice, whereas by a boiled control they are not. It seemed very desirable to conduct several lines of investigation arising out of the main contention that the tissues were capable of carrying out reduction-processes because they contained an endo-enzyme, viz., How rapidly does the press juice deteriorate in reducing activity; how does it behave in respect of such comparatively stable but reducible substances as NaNO 3 ; in what way, exactly, does its activity vary with temperature; in what way, if any, is the catalase of the liver related to the reductase ? It seemed, in particular, highly desirable that a method capable of following the reduction changes quantitatively should be devised in order to enable us to follow the velocity of any given reaction being studied.

Oxidative processes in hypervitaminosis A in albino rats

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 1274-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Ray ◽  
D. P. Sadhu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hypervitaminosis A ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Similar Pair

Albino rats were made hypervitaminotic A by feeding 30,000 iu of vitamin A daily by mouth; the effect of this hypervitaminosis was compared with a similar pair-fed group. Food consumption and body weight gain were reduced. Study of liver and kidney slices shows that the latter manifest no significant increase in oxygen consumption in presence of succinate or acetate. There is slight increase in O2 consumption in brain homogenates. Liver homogenate shows 15.2% inhibition with succinate and 5.6% with ascorbate oxidation. Liver homogenate shows 19.3% inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity by Thunberg technique with methylene blue indicator. It is concluded that hypervitaminosis A inhibits liver respiration by affecting the dehydrogenase, or any immediate step following it, and the cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase end of the succinoxidase system is little affected.

ESTIMATION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS BY THE REDUCTION OF FERRICYANIDE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A procedure based on a modification of Folin's micromethod for blood sugar (1, 2) was used to investigate the reducing activity of various corticosteroids. The ferrocyanide produced as a result of the reduction of ferricyanide in alkaline solution was measured photometrically as Prussian blue. With a filter transmitting light at 620 mμ, the relation between the absorbance of the chromogen and the amount of the reducing steroid obeyed Beer's law over the range from 0.005 to 0.050 mg. The oxygen function at C-3 accounted for most of the reducing power of the non-alpha ketolic steroids studied. An oxygen function at C-11 did not affect significantly the reduction of ferricyanide by 17-desoxycorticosteroids. Although the presence of a hydroxyl at C-17 depressed the reducing activity of the alpha-ketol side chain, a fluorine at C-9 and an hydroxyl at C-11 appeared to overcome this inhibiting effect. Evidence was obtained to suggest that a C-16 hydroxyl group was able to increase the reducing action of the alpha-ketolic side chain. Esterification of the C-21 hydroxyl influenced the reduction of ferricyanide only when interference with hydrolysis of the ester in the alkaline medium was experienced.

Production of Colored Phosphate Coatings on Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
Viktoriya S. Konovalova ◽  
Varvara E. Rumyantseva
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Ferrous Phosphate ◽  
Orange Color ◽  
Olive Green

Phosphating has long been successfully used as a method of protecting metal products and structures from corrosion. The possibility of obtaining non-ferrous phosphate coatings on steel by cold method was investigated. Compositions of cold phosphating solutions for the deposition of colored phosphate coatings of green and blue colors are proposed. To obtain green phosphate films, chromium salts and procyon olive green dye were introduced into the compositions of cold phosphating solutions. To obtain phosphate films of orange color, cobalt salts were introduced into the compositions of cold phosphating solutions. To obtain blue phosphate films, methylene blue and Prussian blue were introduced into the compositions of cold phosphating solutions. It was found that colored phosphate films are worse at preventing metal corrosion. Colored phosphate coatings have a higher porosity and are less uniform compared to modified phosphate films.

scholarly journals GROWTH ACCESSORY SUBSTANCES FOR PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN ANIMAL TISSUES

1919 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Kligler
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Beef Heart ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Bacterial Development ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Nasal Secretions

The growth of all the pathogenic bacteria studied was favorably influenced by the addition of small amounts of tissue extracts. Beef heart, rabbit and cat tissues, and human nasal secretions contain substances favorable to the growth of the organisms tested. The mucosa of different organs, spleen, liver, and kidney, are relatively rich in these substances, while muscle is relatively poor. The favorable effect of the extracts is manifested by an enhancement of growth and a reduction of lag. The water-soluble substances are apparently the ones essential for bacterial development; the ether extract has no effect on growth. Experiments are reported which indicate that the substances in question belong to the class of so called vitamines.

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