scholarly journals Emergence of gynodioecy in wild beet ( Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima L.): a genealogical approach using chloroplastic nucleotide sequences

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1592) ◽  
pp. 1391-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Fénart ◽  
Pascal Touzet ◽  
Jean-François Arnaud ◽  
Joël Cuguen
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Wild Beet

scholarly journals Complete pan-plastome sequences enable high resolution phylogenetic classification of sugar beet and closely related crop wild relatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Sielemann ◽  
Boas Pucker ◽  
Nicola Schmidt ◽  
Prisca Viehoever ◽  
Bernd Weisshaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Intergenic Sequences ◽  
Sequencing Strategy ◽  
Wild Beet

As the major source of sugar in moderate climates, sugar-producing beets (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) have a high economic value. However, the low genetic diversity within cultivated beets requires introduction of new traits, for example to increase their tolerance and resistance attributes - traits that often reside in the crop wild relatives. For this, genetic information of wild beet relatives and their phylogenetic placements to each other are crucial. To answer this need, we sequenced and assembled the complete plastome sequences from a broad species spectrum across the beet genera Beta and Patellifolia, both embedded in the Betoideae (order Caryophyllales). This pan-plastome dataset was then used to determine the wild beet phylogeny in high-resolution. We sequenced the plastomes of 18 closely related accessions representing 11 species of the Betoideae subfamily and provide high-quality plastome assemblies which represent an important resource for further studies of beet wild relatives and the diverse plant order Caryophyllales. Their assembly sizes range from 149,723 bp (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) to 152,816 bp (Beta nana), with most variability in the intergenic sequences. Combining plastome-derived phylogenies with read-based treatments based on mitochondrial information, we were able to suggest a unified and highly confident phylogenetic placement of the investigated Betoideae species. Our results show that the genus Beta can be divided into the two clearly separated sections Beta and Corollinae. Our analysis confirms the affiliation of B. nana with the other Corollinae species, and we argue against a separate placement in the Nanae section. Within the Patellifolia genus, the two diploid species Patellifolia procumbens and Patellifolia webbiana are, regarding the plastome sequences, genetically more similar to each other than to the tetraploid Patellifolia patellaris. Nevertheless, all three Patellifolia species are clearly separated. In conclusion, our wild beet plastome assemblies represent a new resource to understand the molecular base of the beet germplasm. Despite large differences on the phenotypic level, our pan-plastome dataset is highly conserved. For the first time in beets, our whole plastome sequences overcome the low sequence variation in individual genes and provide the molecular backbone for highly resolved beet phylogenomics. Hence, our plastome sequencing strategy can also guide genomic approaches to unravel other closely related taxa.

Construction and characterization of a BAC library for the molecular dissection of a single wild beet centromere and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) genome analysis

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Gindullis ◽  
Daryna Dechyeva ◽  
Thomas Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Bac Library ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Average Insert Size ◽  
Insert Size ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Beta Procumbens ◽  
Wild Beet

We have constructed a sugar beet bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of the chromosome mutant PRO1. This Beta vulgaris mutant carries a single chromosome fragment of 6-9 Mbp that is derived from the wild beet Beta procumbens and is transmitted efficiently in meiosis and mitosis. The library consists of 50 304 clones, with an average insert size of 125 kb. Filter hybridizations revealed that approximately 3.1% of the clones contain mitochondrial or chloroplast DNA. Based on a haploid genome size of 758 Mbp, the library represents eight genome equivalents. Thus, there is a greater than 99.96% probability that any sequence of the PRO1 genome can be found in the library. Approximately 0.2% of the clones hybridized with centromeric sequences of the PRO1 minichromosome. Using the identified BAC clones in fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments with PRO1 and B. procumbens chromosome spreads, their wild-beet origin and centromeric localization were demonstrated. Comparative Southern hybridization of pulsed-field separated PRO1 DNA and BAC inserts indicate that the centromeric region of the minichromosome is represented by overlapping clones in the library. Therefore, the PRO1 BAC library provides a useful tool for the characterization of a single plant centromere and is a valuable resource for sugar beet genome analysis.Key words: Beta vulgaris, BAC library, Beta procumbens minichromosome, centromere, FISH.

Uromyces betae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Uromyces Betae ◽  
Wild Beet

Abstract A description is provided for Uromyces betae[Uromyces beticola]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On sugar beet, beetroot, spinach beet, mangolds and wild beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, B. vulgaris subsp. maritima), Beta vulgaris, B. cycla, B. rapa. DISEASES: Beet rust. First appears as small, cinnamon brown pustules scattered over the lamina, which in susceptible plants quickly spreads over the entire foliage causing the older leaves to wilt, wither and die prematurely. The younger leaves remain erect but their blades become crumpled drooping and yellowish. Badly rusted plants with blisters on leaf blades and petiole finally collapse. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Algeria, Canary Is., Libya, Madeira, Morocco, S. Africa); Asia (Israel, Iran, U.S.S.R.); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania); Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, Czechoslovakia, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Great Britain, Holland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Sardinia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia); N. America (Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.); S. America (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay). (C.M.I. Map No. 265) TRANSMISSION: Mainly by urediospores (McKay, 1952, 44, 566a). Overwinters on seed crop stecklings, clamped mangolds, groundkeeping beet and mangolds. Spores adhering to seed clusters helps to spread the disease. Reports from U.S.S.R. indicate that teliospores retain viability for 2 yrs. in store houses.

scholarly journals Betacyanins and Betaxanthins in Cultivated Varieties of Beta vulgaris L. Compared to Weed Beets

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5395
Author(s):  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Jan Kubes ◽  
Hajihashemi Shokoofeh ◽  
Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽  
Pavla Vachova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
Wild Beet ◽  
Red Coloration

There are 11 different varieties of Beta vulgaris L. that are used in the food industry, including sugar beets, beetroots, Swiss chard, and fodder beets. The typical red coloration of their tissues is caused by the indole-derived glycosides known as betalains that were analyzed in hypocotyl extracts by UV/Vis spectrophotometry to determine the content of betacyanins (betanin) and of betaxanthins (vulgaxanthin I) as constituents of the total betalain content. Fields of beet crops use to be also infested by wild beets, hybrids related to B. vulgaris subsp. maritima or B. macrocarpa Guss., which significantly decrease the quality and quantity of sugar beet yield; additionally, these plants produce betalains at an early stage. All tested B. vulgaris varieties could be distinguished from weed beets according to betacyanins, betaxanthins or total betalain content. The highest values of betacyanins were found in beetroots ‘Monorubra’ (9.69 mg/100 mL) and ‘Libero’ (8.42 mg/100 mL). Other beet varieties contained less betacyanins: Sugar beet ‘Labonita’ 0.11 mg/100 mL; Swiss chard ‘Lucullus,’ 0.09 mg/100 mL; fodder beet ‘Monro’ 0.15 mg/100 mL. In contrast with weed beets and beetroots, these varieties have a ratio of betacyanins to betaxanthins under 1.0, but the betaxanthin content was higher in beetcrops than in wild beet and can be used as an alternative to non-red varieties. Stability tests of selected varieties showed that storage at 22 °C for 6 h, or at 7 °C for 24 h, did not significantly reduce the betalain content in the samples.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Physiological Performance of Portuguese Wild Beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from Three Contrasting Habitats

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa C. Ribeiro ◽  
Carla Pinheiro ◽  
Carla M. Ribeiro ◽  
Maria M. Veloso ◽  
Maria C. Simoes-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Wild Beet ◽  
Contrasting Habitats

scholarly journals Salt and Drought Stress Responses in Cultivated Beets (Beta vulgaris L.) and Wild Beet (Beta maritima L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1843
Author(s):  
Seher Yolcu ◽  
Hemasundar Alavilli ◽  
Pushpalatha Ganesh ◽  
Madhusmita Panigrahy ◽  
Kihwan Song
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Beta Maritima ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Wild Beet

Cultivated beets, including leaf beets, garden beets, fodder beets, and sugar beets, which belong to the species Beta vulgaris L., are economically important edible crops that have been originated from a halophytic wild ancestor, Beta maritima L. (sea beet or wild beet). Salt and drought are major abiotic stresses, which limit crop growth and production and have been most studied in beets compared to other environmental stresses. Characteristically, beets are salt- and drought-tolerant crops; however, prolonged and persistent exposure to salt and drought stress results in a significant drop in beet productivity and yield. Hence, to harness the best benefits of beet cultivation, knowledge of stress-coping strategies, and stress-tolerant beet varieties, are prerequisites. In the current review, we have summarized morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of sugar beet, fodder beet, red beet, chard (B. vulgaris L.), and their ancestor, wild beet (B. maritima L.) under salt and drought stresses. We have also described the beet genes and noncoding RNAs previously reported for their roles in salt and drought response/tolerance. The plant biologists and breeders can potentiate the utilization of these resources as prospective targets for developing crops with abiotic stress tolerance.

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