scholarly journals Digit ratio (2D:4D) predicts facial, but not voice or body odour, attractiveness in men

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1724) ◽  
pp. 3551-3557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Ferdenzi ◽  
Jean-François Lemaître ◽  
Juan David Leongómez ◽  
S. Craig Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Fourth Digit ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Body Odour ◽  
Axillary Odour ◽  
Neutral Expression

There is growing evidence that human second-to-fourth digit ratio (or 2D:4D) is related to facial features involved in attractiveness, mediated by in utero hormonal effects. The present study extends the investigation to other phenotypic, hormone-related determinants of human attractiveness: voice and body odour. Pictures of faces with a neutral expression, recordings of voices pronouncing vowels and axillary odour samples captured on cotton pads worn for 24 h were provided by 49 adult male donors. These stimuli were rated on attractiveness and masculinity scales by two groups of 49 and 35 females, approximately half of these in each sample using hormonal contraception. Multivariate regression analyses showed that males' lower (more masculine) right 2D:4D and lower right-minus-left 2D:4D (Dr−l) were associated with a more attractive (and in some cases more symmetrical), but not more masculine, face. However, 2D:4D and Dr−l did not predict voice and body odour masculinity or attractiveness. The results were interpreted in terms of differential effects of prenatal and circulating testosterone, male facial shape being supposedly more dependent on foetal levels (reflected by 2D:4D ratio), whereas body odour and vocal characteristics could be more dependent on variation in adult circulating testosterone levels.

scholarly journals Second-to-fourth digit ratio and facial shape in boys: the lower the digit ratio, the more robust the face

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1737) ◽  
pp. 2457-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstanze Meindl ◽  
Sonja Windhager ◽  
Bernard Wallner ◽  
Katrin Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Fourth Digit ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
The Face

During human ontogeny, testosterone has powerful organizational and activational effects on the male organism. This has led to the hypothesis that the prenatal environment (as studied through the second-to-fourth digit ratio, 2D : 4D) is not only associated with robust adult male faces that are perceived as dominant and masculine, but also that there is an activational step during puberty. To test the latter, we collected digit ratios and frontal photographs of right-handed Caucasian boys (aged 4–11 years) along with age, body height and body weight. Using geometric morphometrics, we show a significant relationship between facial shape and 2D : 4D before the onset of puberty (explaining 14.5% of shape variation; p = 0.014 after 10 000 permutations, n = 17). Regression analyses depict the same shape patterns as in adults, namely that the lower the 2D : 4D, the smaller and shorter the forehead, the thicker the eyebrows, the wider and shorter the nose, and the larger the lower face. Our findings add to previous evidence that certain adult male facial characteristics that elicit attributions of masculinity and dominance are determined very early in ontogeny. This has implications for future studies in various fields ranging from social perception to life-history strategies.

scholarly journals Second-to-fourth digit ratio and facial shape in Buryats of Southern Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 105138
Author(s):  
Victoria V. Rostovtseva ◽  
Anna A. Mezentseva ◽  
Sonja Windhager ◽  
Marina L. Butovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Fourth Digit ◽  
Facial Shape

Use of Damage Control and the Open Abdomen in Combat

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bograd ◽  
Carlos Rodriguez ◽  
Richard Amdur ◽  
Fred Gage ◽  
Eric Elster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Open Abdomen ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Regression Analyses

Despite the well-documented use of damage control laparotomy (DCL) in civilian trauma, its use has not been well described in the combat setting. Therefore, we sought to document the use of DCL and to investigate its effect on patient outcome. Prospective data were collected on 1603 combat casualties injured between April 2003 and January 2009. One hundred seventy patients (11%) underwent an exploratory laparotomy (ex lap) in theater and comprised the study cohort. DCL was defined as an abbreviated ex lap resulting in an open abdomen. Patients were stratified by age, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), mechanism of injury, and blood product administration. Multivariate regression analyses were used to determine risks factors for intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), hospital length of stay (HLOS), and the need for DCL. Mean age of the cohort was 24 ± 5 years, ISS was 21 ± 11, and 94 per cent sustained penetrating injury. Patients with DCL comprised 50.6 per cent (n = 86) of the study cohort and had significant increases in ICU admission ( P < 0.001), ICU LOS ( P < 0.001), HLOS ( P < 0.05), ventilator days ( P < 0.001), abdominal complications ( P < 0.05), but not mortality ( P = 0.65) compared with patients without DCL. When compared with the non-DCL group, patients undergoing DCL required significantly more blood products (packed red blood cells, fresh-frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate; P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analyses revealed blood transfusion and GCS as significant risk factors for DCL ( P < 0.05). Patients undergoing DCL had increased complications and resource use but not mortality compared with patients not undergoing DCL. The need for combat DCL may be different compared with civilian use. Prospective studies to evaluate outcomes of DCL are warranted.

scholarly journals Positivity to Cocaine and/or Benzoylecgonine in Confirmation Analyses for On-Road Tests in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5371
Author(s):  
Francisco Herrera-Gómez ◽  
Eduardo Gutiérrez-Abejón ◽  
Mercedes García-Mingo ◽  
F. Javier Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Positive Results

We are using real-life data in order to determine the prevalence of driving with the presence of cocaine and/or benzoylecgonine (BZE), their concentrations, and their use in combination with other drugs. This study assessed data on Spanish drivers with confirmed drug-positive results recorded by the Spanish National Traffic Agency from 2011–2016. Frequencies of positivity for cocaine and/or BZE and concentration of such substances were obtained. Comparisons and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Drivers who tested positive for cocaine and/or BZE accounted for 48.59% of the total positive results for drugs. In positive cases for both cocaine and BZE, other substances were detected in 81.74%: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (68.19%), opioids (20.78%) and amphetamine-like substances (16.76%). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the frequency of cocaine and/or BZE positive cases decreased with age (OR:0.97) and were less likely among women (OR:0.63). Concentrations (ng/mL) of cocaine (249.30) and BZE (137.90) were higher when both substances were detected together than when detected alone. Positivity to cocaine represented an important proportion among Spanish drivers who tested positive for drugs, and polysubstance use was especially observed in more than 8 out of 10 positive cases for cocaine and/or BZE.

Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and coronary heart disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Lu ◽  
Zhanbing Ma ◽  
Junli Zhao ◽  
Zhenghao Huo
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Fourth Digit

Retirement intentions: what is the role of push factors in predicting retirement intentions?

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 988-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
JODI OAKMAN ◽  
YVONNE WELLS
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Work Factors ◽  
Retirement Intentions ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTPopulation ageing will significantly impact labour markets in most Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries and as a result individuals will need to remain in paid employment for longer to fund their retirement years. This study examines the retirement intentions of employees of a large public-sector organisation located in Victoria, Australia that was interested in developing policies to assist with retention of their mature-age workforce. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the most important predictors of intention to retire. The dependent variable, Intended timing of retirement, was analysed in two forms, as continuous and dichotomised measures. Age and Length of service were strong independent predictors of Intention to retire soon (within five years). Of the work factors that were analysed (Job satisfaction, Job demands, Job control, and Social cohesion), low Job satisfaction and high Social cohesion scores indicated an increased likelihood of retiring soon. The results provide some insight into the development of organisational interventions that might assist with retaining older employees for longer.

scholarly journals Second to fourth digit ratio, handedness and testicular germ cell tumors

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 463-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britton Trabert ◽  
Barry I. Graubard ◽  
Ralph L. Erickson ◽  
Yawei Zhang ◽  
Katherine A. McGlynn
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Fourth Digit

Susceptible genes of restless legs syndrome in migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1028-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Ling Fuh ◽  
Ming-Yi Chung ◽  
Shu-Chih Yao ◽  
Ping-Kun Chen ◽  
Yi-Chu Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective Several genetic variants have been found to increase the risk of restless legs syndrome (RLS). The aim of the present study was to determine if these genetic variants were also associated with the comorbidity of RLS and migraine in patients. Methods Thirteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at six RLS risk loci ( MEIS1, BTBD9, MAP2K5, PTPRD, TOX3, and an intergenic region on chromosome 2p14) were genotyped in 211 migraine patients with RLS and 781 migraine patients without RLS. Association analyses were performed for the overall cohort, as well as for the subgroups of patients who experienced migraines with and without aura and episodic migraines (EMs) vs. chronic migraines (CMs). In order to verify which genetic markers were potentially related to the incidence of RLS in migraine patients, multivariate regression analyses were also performed. Results Among the six tested loci, only MEIS1 was significantly associated with RLS. The most significant SNP of MEIS1, rs2300478, increased the risk of RLS by 1.42-fold in the overall cohort ( p = 0.0047). In the subgroup analyses, MEIS1 augmented the risk of RLS only in the patients who experienced EMs (odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, p = 0.0004) and not those experiencing CMs. Multivariate regression analyses further showed that rs2300478 in MEIS1 (OR = 1.39, p = 0.018), a CM diagnosis (OR = 1.52, p = 0.022), and depression (OR = 1.86, p = 0.005) were independent predictors of RLS in migraine. Conclusions MEIS1 variants were associated with an increased risk of RLS in migraine patients. It is possible that an imbalance in iron homeostasis and the dopaminergic system may represent a link between RLS incidence and migraines.

Abstract P717: Central Midbrain Strokes Are More Liable for Respiratory Failure Then Other Brain Stem Strokes

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar M Hussein ◽  
Eder Caceres ◽  
kasser saba ◽  
Hera Kamdar ◽  
khalid Sawalha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Periaqueductal Grey ◽  
Stroke Registry ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
The Brain

Background: Respiratory centers are known to be present in the central medulla oblongata and pons. There are multiple complex respiratory networks involving these centers. The midbrain periaqueductal grey is believed to act as a regulator of the respiratory function. The effect of brain-stem strokes on respiration remains understudied. There is a lack of clear understanding of the anatomical influence of such strokes on respiration. We attempted to identify brain-stem locations with the highest liability for respiratory failure in case of stroke. Methods: We included all ischemic and hemorrhagic brain-stem strokes from our stroke-registry between 2016 and 2018 then performed univariate/multivariate regression-analyses on variables that might predict respiratory failure and the need for intubation. The brain stem was divided into nine locations (right lateral, central, left lateral in each of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata). Results: Out of 128 brain-stem strokes of different sizes and etiologies, central midbrain strokes were the only significant and independent affected location associated with respiratory failure and endotracheal intubation (coefficient= 0.1256, 95%-CI= 0.0175, 0.2338, p= 0.023). R-squared was equal to 15% when only central midbrain strokes stayed in the model. Conclusions: While one might assume that central medullary and pontine strokes have the most impact on respiration; our results show that central midbrain is the most impactful, accounting for about 15% of respiratory instability associated with brain-stem strokes. This can be explained by the adaptive nature of respiratory circuits within the medulla and pons. Central periaqueductal grey within the midbrain controls the rate and depth of respiration and might not have the same flexibility present elsewhere.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document