scholarly journals Co-occurrence of beaked whale strandings and naval sonar in the Mariana Islands, Western Pacific

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1921) ◽  
pp. 20200070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Simonis ◽  
Robert L. Brownell ◽  
Bruce J. Thayre ◽  
Jennifer S. Trickey ◽  
Erin M. Oleson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mariana Islands ◽  
Beaked Whale ◽  
Acoustic Activity ◽  
Active Sonar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antisubmarine Warfare ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Mass Stranding

Mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS), used for antisubmarine warfare (ASW), has been associated with multiple beaked whale (BW) mass stranding events. Multinational naval ASW exercises have used MFAS offshore of the Mariana Archipelago semi-annually since 2006. We report BW and MFAS acoustic activity near the islands of Saipan and Tinian from March 2010 to November 2014. Signals from Cuvier's ( Ziphius cavirostris) and Blainville's beaked whales ( Mesoplodon densirostris ), and a third unidentified BW species, were detected throughout the recording period. Both recorders documented MFAS on 21 August 2011 before two Cuvier's beaked whales stranded on 22–23 August 2011. We compared the history of known naval operations and BW strandings from the Mariana Archipelago to consider potential threats to BW populations. Eight BW stranding events between June 2006 and January 2019 each included one to three animals. Half of these strandings occurred during or within 6 days after naval activities, and this co-occurrence is highly significant. We highlight strandings of individual BWs can be associated with ASW, and emphasize the value of ongoing passive acoustic monitoring, especially for beaked whales that are difficult to visually detect at sea. We strongly recommend more visual monitoring efforts, at sea and along coastlines, for stranded cetaceans before, during and after naval exercises.

Mid-frequency active sonar and beaked whale acoustic activity in the Northern Mariana Islands

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 3413-3413
Author(s):  
Anne Simonis ◽  
Bruce Thayre ◽  
Erin Oleson ◽  
Simone Baumann-Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Mariana Islands ◽  
Beaked Whale ◽  
Acoustic Activity ◽  
Northern Mariana Islands ◽  
Active Sonar

scholarly journals Insights into the diet of beaked whales from the atypical mass stranding in the Canary Islands in September 2002

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Santos ◽  
V. Martin ◽  
M. Arbelo ◽  
A. Fernández ◽  
G.J. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Beaked Whale ◽  
Cephalopod Species ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris ◽  
Prey Remains ◽  
Mass Stranding

Stomach contents were analysed from three species of beaked whales which mass-stranded shortly after a naval exercise conducted in the Canary Islands in September 2002. Animals from such mass strandings often contain freshly ingested food in their stomachs and can provide a more reliable guide to feeding habits than other strandings. Food remains recovered from seven Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) consisted mainly of oceanic cephalopods, the most numerous being Taonius pavo, Histioteuthis sp., Mastigoteuthis schmidti and Octopoteuthis sicula. Many of the cephalopod species found in the diet appear to undertake daily vertical migrations, being found in shallower waters during the night and moving to deeper waters during the day. Single specimens of Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) and Gervais' beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus) had eaten both fish and cephalopod prey. The most numerous prey remains belonged to gadid fish and viperfish (Chauliodus sp.) respectively. These results are consistent with the limited published data on diet in these species, with Mesoplodon species having a relatively higher proportion of fish in the diet whereas Ziphius specialises on cephalopods.

scholarly journals First stranding record of a Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) on the island of Barbuda, Eastern Caribbean

10.5597/00245 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Wojtek Bachara ◽  
Martha Watkins Gilkes ◽  
Jaime Bolaños-Jiménez ◽  
Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Beaked Whale ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris ◽  
Eastern Caribbean ◽  
Cuvier’S Beaked Whale

Cuvier's beaked whale is the most cosmopolitan of the beaked whales and is found in all oceans except in the high polar waters. This species is known from over 1800 strandings. In the Caribbean strandings are rare, and we present a first record from Antigua and Barbuda.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) at Guadalupe Island, Mexico, from 2006 to 2009

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cárdenas-Hinojosa ◽  
Mauricio Hoyos-Padilla ◽  
Lorenzo Rojas-Bracho
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Local Distribution ◽  
Beaked Whale ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris ◽  
Cuvier’S Beaked Whale ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Guadalupe Island

Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) is the most widely distributed species of beaked whale, with a cosmopolitan distribution throughout almost all temperate, subtropical and tropical waters of the world as well as subpolar and even polar waters in some areas. Globally, it may also be the most abundant species of beaked whale within the family Ziphiidae. However, there is little information on local distribution in many areas around the world. Before 2009, no dedicated research on beaked whales occurred in Guadalupe Island. In this note, we report opportunistic sightings of Cuvier’s beaked whales recorded during a white shark research project from 2006 through 2008, and the results obtained in 2009 during a pilot study focused on the beaked whales of Guadalupe Island.

scholarly journals Using passive acoustic monitoring to document the distribution of beaked whale species in the western North Atlantic Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2098-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy E. Stanistreet ◽  
Douglas P. Nowacek ◽  
Simone Baumann-Pickering ◽  
Joel T. Bell ◽  
Danielle M. Cholewiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Beaked Whale ◽  
Passive Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
Passive Acoustic

Little is known about the ecology of many beaked whale species, despite concerns raised by mass strandings linked to certain sources of anthropogenic noise. Here, we used passive acoustic monitoring to examine spatial and temporal patterns in beaked whale occurrence at six locations along the continental slope in the western North Atlantic Ocean. We analyzed 2642 days of recordings collected between 2011 and 2015, and identified echolocation signals from northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus), Cuvier’s (Ziphius cavirostris), Sowerby’s (Mesoplodon bidens), Gervais’, (Mesoplodon europaeus), and Blainville’s (Mesoplodon densirostris) beaked whales, and one signal type of unknown origin. We recorded multiple species at each site, with detections generally occurring year-round, and observed latitudinal gradients and site-specific variation in relative species occurrence. Notably, we regularly detected Cuvier’s beaked whales in a region where they have not been commonly observed, and discovered potential habitat partitioning among Cuvier’s and Gervais’ beaked whales within their overlapping ranges. This information on the distribution and seasonal occurrence of North Atlantic beaked whale species offers new insight into patterns of habitat use, and provides a year-round baseline from which to assess potential anthropogenic impacts.

scholarly journals Diving behaviour of Cuvier's beaked whales exposed to two types of military sonar

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 170629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin A. Falcone ◽  
Gregory S. Schorr ◽  
Stephanie L. Watwood ◽  
Stacy L. DeRuiter ◽  
Alexandre N. Zerbini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
Causative Mechanism ◽  
Active Sonar ◽  
Surface Ship ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
Source Level ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris

Cuvier's beaked whales ( Ziphius cavirostris ) have stranded in association with mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS) use, and though the causative mechanism linking these events remains unclear, it is believed to be behaviourally mediated. To determine whether MFAS use was associated with behavioural changes in this species, satellite tags were used to record the diving and movements of 16 Cuvier's beaked whales for up to 88 days in a region of frequent MFAS training off the coast of Southern California. Tag data were combined with summarized records of concurrent bouts of high-power, surface-ship and mid-power, helicopter-deployed MFAS use, along with other potential covariates, in generalized additive mixed-effects models. Deep dives, shallow dives and surface intervals tended to become longer during MFAS use, with some variation associated with the total amount of overlapping MFAS during the behaviour. These changes in dives and surface intervals contributed to a longer interval between deep dives, a proxy for foraging disruption in this species. Most responses intensified with proximity and were more pronounced during mid-power than high-power MFAS use at comparable distances within approximately 50 km, despite the significantly lower source level of mid-power MFAS. However, distance-mediated responses to high-power MFAS, and increased deep dive intervals during mid-power MFAS, were evident up to approximately 100 km away.

scholarly journals First records of Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris, G. Cuvier 1823) strandings along the Tunisian coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Karaa ◽  
Hassen Jerbi ◽  
Sondes Marouani ◽  
Mohamed Nejmeddine Bradai ◽  
Massimiliano Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Beaked Whale ◽  
Northern Tunisia ◽  
Tunisian Coast ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Cuvier’S Beaked Whale ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
South Tunisia

AbstractThe Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) is the only member of the Ziphiidae family with a regular occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea. Much of the knowledge of this species in the Mediterranean has come from stranding data. This note reports the first records of strandings of Cuvier’s beaked whales along the Tunisian coast. The two strandings described are about two specimens, likely adult animals. The first specimens was 530 cm long and beached at El Hicha (Gulf of Gabès, south Tunisia) on March 5th, 2019. The second specimens was 630 cm long and it was reported in Ras Angla (Bizerte, north Tunisia) on June 6th, 2019. Since this species faces multiple threats in the Mediterranean basin, this contribution is intended to extend previous knowledge of this species in the region and to push towards major efforts to be undertaken to fill the knowledge gaps regarding occurrence of Cuvier’s beaked whale along northern Tunisia.

scholarly journals First direct measurements of behavioural responses by Cuvier's beaked whales to mid-frequency active sonar

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 20130223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy L. DeRuiter ◽  
Brandon L. Southall ◽  
John Calambokidis ◽  
Walter M. X. Zimmer ◽  
Dinara Sadykova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Movement ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Active Sonar ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris

Most marine mammal­ strandings coincident with naval sonar exercises have involved Cuvier's beaked whales ( Ziphius cavirostris ). We recorded animal movement and acoustic data on two tagged Ziphius and obtained the first direct measurements of behavioural responses of this species to mid-frequency active (MFA) sonar signals. Each recording included a 30-min playback (one 1.6-s simulated MFA sonar signal repeated every 25 s); one whale was also incidentally exposed to MFA sonar from distant naval exercises. Whales responded strongly to playbacks at low received levels (RLs; 89–127 dB re 1 µPa): after ceasing normal fluking and echolocation, they swam rapidly, silently away, extending both dive duration and subsequent non-foraging interval. Distant sonar exercises (78–106 dB re 1 µPa) did not elicit such responses, suggesting that context may moderate reactions. The observed responses to playback occurred at RLs well below current regulatory thresholds; equivalent responses to operational sonars could elevate stranding risk and reduce foraging efficiency.

Beaked whale strandings on the Falkland Islands and South Georgia, South Atlantic Ocean, between 1866 and 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1851-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Otley ◽  
John Smith ◽  
Merel L. Dalebout
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Common Species ◽  
South Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Beaked Whale ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris

Records of beaked whales stranded in the Falkland Islands and at South Georgia were collated for the period 1866 to 2008. Thirty-eight records, involving at least seven species in four genera, were documented. Strap-toothed whales (Mesoplodon layardii Gray, 1865) were the most common species with 11 records, including two neonates. Andrews' beaked whales (M. bowdoini Andrews, 1908), Arnoux's beaked whales (Berardius arnuxii Duvernoy, 1851), Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris Gray, 1823), Gray's beaked whale (M. grayi van Haast, 1876), Hector's beaked whales (M. hectori Gray, 1871) and southern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882) were recorded on three to five occasions. In several cases, records suggested potential temporal changes in range. For example, Arnoux's beaked whale has not been recorded in the Falkland Islands since 1965, whilst Gray's beaked whale was not recorded prior to 1981, and Andrews' beaked whale was not recorded before 1987. Although the number of records for each species is low, this could reflect changes in water temperatures and/or prey availability. Overall, this study confirms that the Falkland Islands–Tierra del Fuego region is one of the world's key areas for beaked whales.

Adult male Cuvier's beaked whales ( Ziphius cavirostris ) engage in prolonged bouts of synchronous diving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Cioffi ◽  
Nicola J. Quick ◽  
Heather J. Foley ◽  
Danielle M. Waples ◽  
Zachary T. Swaim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris
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